This philosophical theory of art, addressed to anyone with a serious interest in the arts, has three main objectives: to shift the focus of aesthetics from the question "What is art?" to the question "What is art for?"; to describe the social and historical situation of art today; and to combine aesthetics with poetics and hermeneutics. A distinctive feature of the book is its argument that music exemplifies the current condition of art in a particularly revealing fashion.

ON ART AND CONNOISSEURSHIP tr MAX J. FRIEDLANDER With 40 Illustrations Beacon Press Beacon Hill Boston Translated from the authors manuscript by TANCRED BORENIUS First published in 1942 by Bruno Cassirer, Ltd. First published as a Beacon Paperback in 1960 by permission of Bruno Cassirer, Ltd. - J l Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS PACE INTRODUCTION. By TANCRED BORENIUS 9 PREFACE 1 3 I. SEEING, PERCEIVING, PLEASURABLE CONTEMPLA TION 19 II. EXISTENCE, APPEARANCE, OBJECTIVE INTEREST IN THINGS 32 III. ART AND SYMBOL 39 IV, FORM, COLOUR, TONALITY, LIGHT, GOLD 43 V. THE CONCEPT OF PICTORIAL 3 VI. SIZE AND SCALE, DISTANT VIEW AND NEAR VIEW 8 VH. ON LINEAR PERSPECTIVE 64 Vffl. MOVEMENT 69 DC. TRUTH TO NATURE, ARTISTIC VALUE AND STYLE 75-X. INDIVIDUALITY AND TYPE 84 XI. ON BEAUTY 87 XII. ON COMPOSITION 91 XIII. ON THE PICTURE CATEGORIES 97 XTV. RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR HISTORY IN PAINTING 100 XV. THE NUDE 104 XVI. GENRE PAINTING 108 XVII. LANDSCAPE 113 XVffl. PORTRAITURE 124 XK. STILL LIFE W v-V. t I3, S CONTENTS PAGE XX. THE ARTIST GENIUS AND TALENT 1 34 XXI, ART AND ERUDITION 143 XXn. THE STANDPOINT OF THE SPECTATOR 1 55 XXffl. ON THE VALUE OF THE DETERMINATION OF AUTHORSHIP 160 XXIV. ON THE OBJECTIVE CRITERIA OF AUTHORSHIP 163 XXV. ON INTUITION AND THE FIRST IMPRESSION 172 XXVI. PROBLEMS OF CONNOISSEURSHIP 179 XXVIt. THE ANALYTICAL EXAMINATION OF PICTURES 1 84 XXVUI. ON THE USE OF PHOTOGRAPHY 197 XXIX. ON PERSONALITY AND ITS DEVELOPMENT 200 XXX. ON THE ANONYMOUS MASTERS, THE MEDIUM MASTERS AND THE LESSER MASTERS 213 XXXI. THE STUDY OF DRAWINGS 218 XXXII. INFLUENCE 222 XXXHI. ARTISTIC QUALITY ORIGINAL AND COPY 230 XXXIV. DEDUCTIONS A POSTERIORI FROM COPIES REGARDING LOST ORIGINALS246 XXXV. WORKSHOP PRODUCTION 2 0 XXXVI. ON FORGERIES 2 8 XXXVH. ON RESTORATIONS 267 XXXVni. ON ART LITERATURE 273 INDEX 281 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS HATE FACING PAGI i . HANS MEMIING. PORTRAIT OF A MAN IN AN ATTITUDE OF PRAYER. Lugano, Castle Rohoncz Collection frontispiece 2. MATTHIAS GRUNEWALD. THE CRUCIFIXION. Colmar Museum 24 3. PAUL CEZANNE. AUVERS-SUR-OISE 24-4. MASTER OF ALKMAAR. PANEL FROM THE SERIES OF THE WORKS OF MERCY. Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum 48 . DIRK BOUTS. THE LAST JUDGMENT Detail. Lille, Museum 9 2 6. ADOLPH VON MENZEL. SCENE FROM THE LIFE OF FREDERICK THE GREAT Woodcut 93 7. ALBRECHT DURER. A NUDE WOMAN Drawing. Bay onne, Museum 104 8. ALBRECHT DURER. ADAM AND EVE Drawing. New York, Morgan Library 105-9. JAN VAN EYCK. THE ROLLIN MADONNA Detail. Paris, Louvre 1 1 2 10. JOACHIM PATINIR. LANDSCAPE WITH THE RIVER OF DEATH. Madrid, Prado r 1 3 11. LUCAS CRANACH. REST ON THE FLIGHT INTO EGYPT. Berlin Picture Gallery 1 1 6 ii. WOLF HUBER. THE MONDSEE WITH THE SCHAFBERG Drawing. Nuremberg, Germanisches Museum 1 1 7 13. RUELAND FRUEAUF THE YOUNGER. PANEL FROM THE ALTARPIECE OF ST. LEOPOLD. Monastery of Kloster neuburg 120 14. LUCAS CRANACH. PORTRAIT OF JOHANN CUSPINIAN. Winterthur, Collection of Dr. O . Reinhart 1 2 1 i j. LUCAS CRANACH. PORTRAIT OF THE WIFE OF JOHANN CUSPINIAN. Winterthur, Collection of Dr. O. Rein hart 1 24 1 6. LUCAS VAN LEYDEN. PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST Detail. Brunswick Museum 1 2 17. HANS MEMLING. STILL LIFE, Lugano, Castle Rohoncz Collection 13 1 8. MARINUS VAN REYMERSWAELE. ST. JEROME IN HIS STUDY. Madrid, Prado 1 3 i ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE FACING PAG i9. HUGO VAN DER GOES. ADORATION OF THE MAGI THE MONFORTE ALTARPIECE. Berlin Picture Gallery 148 20. HUGO VAN DERGOES. ADORATION OF THE SHEPHERDS THE PORTINARI ALTARPIECE. Florence, Uffizi 192 2i. HANS HOLBEIN. MADONNA OF THE BURGO-J MASTER MEYER. Darmstadt, Grand Ducal Castle BETWEEN 22. AFTER HANS HOLBEIN. MADONNA OF THE PAGES 232-3 BURGOMASTER MEYER. Dresden Gallery J 23. JAN VAN EYCK. CANON VAN DE PAELE Detail of the Altarpiece in the Bruges Museum 233 24. AFTER JAN VAN EYCK. CANON VAN DE PAELE. Hampton Court Palace. Copyright of H. M. The King 232 25-. BRUGES MASTER OF 1499. MADONNA WITH DONORS. Paris, Louvre 244 26. LUCAS CRANACH...

The aims of this volume are to reflect on the fundamental issues in the theory and practice of connoisseurship of Chinese painting in particular and those of connoisseurship of art in general. One of the most important challenges facing art historians and museum professionals today is that graduate schools have produced art historians with serious weakness, particularly a lack of direct firsthand experience with works of art in the original. If we base our construction of art history on works of calligraphy and painting and on the inscriptions, colophons, and seal impressions that accompany them, we must first make sure of their authorship and identity. "This fascinating book, the first one in which connoisseurship in Chinese painting and in European painting are discussed together, enables us not only to confront several approaches in the authentication of Chinese painting, but also to benefit from the Western art studies in connoisseurial analysis and the complex nature of copywork." -Michele Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, formerly Curator of Far Eastern Art of the Musee Guimet, Paris, currently Directeur d'etudes, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, author of La Civilisation du Royaume de Dian a l'epoque Han, La Chine des Han: histoire et civilization, Giuseppe Castiglione (1688-1766): Peintre et Architecte a la Cour de Chine, and editor of Storia Universale dell'Arte: La Cina. "These thoughtful essays, addressing a range of historical, cultural, and philosophical issues, should remind all of us that the objectness of objects is the starting point from which all else follows." -Peter Sturman, Chair, Department of the History of Art and Architecture, University of California, Santa Barbara, and author of Mi Fu: Style and the Art of Calligraphy in Northern Song China. "Connoisseurship is the most fundamental yet often overlooked aspect of art history: it has the ability to affirm or completely change our understanding of an art work, the artist's oeuvre, or even art history itself. This volume is the first extensive investigation of Chinese connoisseurship as a general and theoretical discipline." -Pauline Lin, Bryn Mawr College, has published articles in The Review of Politics and Dictionary of Literary Biography: Classical Chinese Writers and is working on a book, Nature Inside Out: The Culture of Landscape from the City of Ye (196-240). "Connoisseurship is the necessary base of art history, for until we know who made what when, we cannot engage in interpretation of paintings. Bringing together scholars from diverse backgrounds, this volume provides the necessary basis for the most important task facing art historians today, the creation of a true world art history." - David Carrier, Champney Family Professor, Case Western Reserve University/Cleveland Institute of Art and author of Sean Scully, Museum Skepticism: A History of the Display of Art in Public Galleries, and A World Art History.

Women Artists in History from Antiquity to the Present introduces students to the many ways in which women have participated in the visual cultures of their societies throughout history. The book focuses on women artists and the issues that directly impacted women's opportunities to become artists. Part I examines the sparse yet promising documentation of women in art from prehistory through the Middle Ages. In Part II, students learn about an inspiring group of women artists who overcame institutional barriers to acquire skills and pursue professional careers from 1400 - 1800. Part III spans a deeply transitional century during which thousands of women developed professional skills and comprised about one-half of the total population of artists. Part IV explores how the development of Modernism worked to marginalize the works of women artists from 1900 - 1970. In the final part, the positive effects of feminism for women artists in the United States and internationally, are examined. The fifth edition has been revised to incorporate current scholarship, supplying students with a wealth of new insights with regard to factual data and interpretive strategies. Suggested readings at the end of each chapter provide easy access to the expanded scholarly literature. Featuring more than 110 images, in color, numerous excerpts from primary sources, a glossary, and curated list of readings, Women Artists in History from Antiquity to the Present is ideal for introductory courses in art history, women's studies, and gender studies.

This volume of the Golden Age of Illustration Series contains Hans Christian Andersen's 'The Princess and the Pea', first published in May of 1835. This classic fairy tale has been continuously in print in different editions since its first publication, with many, many, different artists illustrating the story over the years. This edition features a beautiful collection of the best of that art, taken from the likes of Arthur Rackham, W. Heath Robinson, Kay Nielsen, Honor Appleton, Anne Anderson, Edmund Dulac, among others. This series of books celebrates the Golden Age of Illustration. During this period, the popularity, abundance and - most importantly - the unprecedented upsurge in the quality of illustrated works marked an astounding change in the way that publishers, artists and the general public came to view this hitherto insufficiently esteemed art form. The Golden Age of Illustration Series, has sourced the rare original editions of these books and reproduced the beautiful art work in order to build a unique collection of illustrated fairy tales.

This book provides a unique, philosophical interpretation of a significant twentieth-century painter - Wassily Kandinsky. Michel Henry was one of the leading French philosophers of the twentieth century. His numerous works of philosophy are all organized around the theme of life. In contrast to the scientific understanding of life as a biological process, Henry's philosophy develops a conception of life as an immediate feeling of one's own living."Seeing the Invisible" marks Henry's most sustained engagement in the field of aesthetics. Through an analysis of the life and works of Wassily Kandinsky, Henry uncovers the philosophical significance of Kandinsky's revolution in painting: that abstract art reveals the invisible essence of life. Henry shows that Kandinsky separates colour and line from the constraints of visible form and, in so doing, conveys the invisible intensity of life - a force rooted in the corporeity and pathos of all living beings. More than just a study of art history, this book presents Kandinsky as an artist who is engaged in the project of painting the invisible and thus offers invaluable methodological clues for Henry's own phenomenology of the invisible.

This book (hardcover) is part of the TREDITION CLASSICS. It contains classical literature works from over two thousand years. Most of these titles have been out of print and off the bookstore shelves for decades. The book series is intended to preserve the cultural legacy and to promote the timeless works of classical literature. Readers of a TREDITION CLASSICS book support the mission to save many of the amazing works of world literature from oblivion. With this series, tredition intends to make thousands of international literature classics available in printed format again - worldwide.

This definitive text explores the complex relationship between participation in the arts and participation in politics in America. It traces the American perspective on the arts through the evolution of democratic theory and the historical link with participation in the arts. The author suggests that the arts and humanities are essential for preserving the human elements of our society, and and for enriching the quality of human life. Democracy can be capable of fostering works of artistic excellence, as well as capable of creating broad-based audiences for such works. How the arts affect a political system is explored, along with the question of whether a political system can be beneficial or detrimental to the arts. This study provides a model for the creation of an American society in which the artistic community reinforces the skills of participation for a maximum number of citizens, helping to build a stronger participatory society.

"Democracy and the ArtS" gives a brief overview of specific theories of democracy and promotes discussion of the concepts of active and passive participation. The examination of the interrelationship of the arts and politics is demonstrated through three specific historical periods. Ancient Greece is seen as a pure example of a democratic political system where the arts flourished. The Jacksonian era is viewed as the purest American example of democracy, yet the performing arts did not flourish. The arts and politics in twentieth-century America are analyzed. Political science and arts management students, as well as arts advocates, will find that this text provides a clear picture of participation in the arts and politics in America.

In this book, an international line-up of scholars examines the role of the intellectual in the twenty-first century, looking at the gap between contemporary cultural theory and cultural practice, and asking whether knowledge and methodologies in the humanities can intervene in everyday politics and vice-versa.

Here is the book that converted C. S. Lewis from atheism to Christianity. This history of mankind, Christ, and Christianity is to some extent a conscious rebuttal of H. G. Wells' Outline of History, which embraced both the evolutionary origins of humanity and the mortal humanity of Jesus. Whereas Orthodoxy detailed Chesterton's own spiritual journey, this book illustrates the spiritual journey of humanity, or at least of Western civilization. A book for both mind and spirit.

Redraws the contours of Asian American art, attempting to free it from a categorization that stifles more than it reveals. Charting its historical conditions and the expansive contexts of its emergence, Susette Min challenges the notion of Asian American art as a site of reconciliation or as a way for marginalized artists to enter into the canon or mainstream art scene. Pressing critically on the politics of visibility and how this categorization reduces artworks by Asian American artists within narrow parameters of interpretation, Unnamable reconceives Asian American art not as a subset of objects, but as a medium that disrupts representations and embedded knowledge. By approaching Asian American art in this way, Min refigures the way we see Asian American art as an oppositional practice, less in terms of its aspirations to be seen-its greater visibility-and more in terms of how it models a different way of seeing and encountering the world. Uniquely presented, the chapters are organized thematically as mini-exhibitions, and offer readings of select works by contemporary artists including Tehching Hsieh, Byron Kim, Simon Leung, Mary Lum, and Nikki S. Lee. Min displays a curatorial practice and reading method that conceives of these works not as "exemplary" instances of Asian American art, but as engaged in an aesthetic practice that is open-ended. Ultimately, Unnamable insists that in order to reassess Asian American art and its place in art history, we need to let go not only of established viewing practices, but potentially even the category of Asian American art itself.

One of the aims of the book is to shed more light on the notion "Neue Sachlichkeit "in its appearance in a variety of fields as painting, architecture, music, photography and literature, in order to get a clearer idea of its scope. Several contributions will do so by analysing the heterogeneity in the use of the term concerning "its function in the fight for recognition "in the art-fields around 1930 - in other words, "Neue Sachlichkeit "will be analysed as a positioning strategy. Especially its participation in the broader discourse on modernity, as well as its international and intermedial dimension will be highlighted, often using the historical avant-garde as point of reference. From this perspective, the present volume wants to be read as a plea for a differentiated description of the many shared aspects "and "some differences between the avant-garde and "Neue Sachlichkeit."

This volume of the Golden Age of Illustration Series contains Hans Christian Andersen's 'The Steadfast Tin Soldier', first published in May of 1838. This classic fairy tale has been continuously in print in different editions since its first publication, with many, many, different artists illustrating the story over the years. This edition features a beautiful collection of the best of that art, taken from the likes of Arthur Rackham, W. Heath Robinson, Kay Nielsen, Mabel Lucie Attwell, Anne Anderson, Milo Winter, among others. This series of books celebrates the Golden Age of Illustration. During this period, the popularity, abundance and - most importantly - the unprecedented upsurge in the quality of illustrated works marked an astounding change in the way that publishers, artists and the general public came to view this hitherto insufficiently esteemed art form. The Golden Age of Illustration Series, has sourced the rare original editions of these books and reproduced the beautiful art work in order to build a unique collection of illustrated fairy tales.