The present volume is comprised of contributions solicited from invitees to conferences held at the University of Houston, University of Jyv] askyl] a, and Xi'an Jiaotong University honoring the 70th birthday of Professor Roland Glowinski. Although scientists convened on three di?erent continents, the - itors prefer to view the meetings as single event. The three locales signify the fact Roland has friends, collaborators and admirers across the globe. The contents span a wide range of topics in contemporary applied mathematics rangingfrompopulationdynamics, to electromagnetics, to ?uidmechanics, to the mathematics of ?nance among others. However, they do not fully re?ect the breath and diversity of Roland's scienti?c interest. His work has always been at the intersection mathematics and scienti?c computing and their - plication to mechanics, physics, aeronautics, engineering sciences and more recently biology. He has made seminal contribution in the areas of methods for science computation, ?uid mechanics, numerical controls for distributed parameter systems, and solid and structural mechanics as well as shape - timization, stellar motion, electron transport, and semiconductor modeling. Two central themes arise from the corpus of Roland's work. The ?rst is that numerical methods should take advantage of the mathematical properties of themodel. Theyshouldbeportableandcomputablewithcomputingresources of the foreseeable future as well as with contemporary resources. The second theme is that whenever possible one should validate numerical with expe- mental data. The volume is written at an advanced scienti?c level and no e?ort has been made to make it self contained."

The chapters in this volume, written by international experts from different fields of mathematics, are devoted to honoring George Isac, a renowned mathematician. These contributions focus on recent developments in complementarity theory, variational principles, stability theory of functional equations, nonsmooth optimization, and several other important topics at the forefront of nonlinear analysis and optimization.

During the week of October 23-27,1989, Northwestern University hosted an international conference on the theme "Diffusion Processes and Related Problems in Analysis." This was attended by 105 partici pants representing 14 different countries. The conference, which is part of the "Emphasis Year" program traditionally supported by the Mathematics Department, was additionally supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, the National Security Agency, the Institute for Mathematics and Applications, as well as by supplemen tary sources from Northwestern University. The purpose of this meeting was to bring together workers in vari ous parts of probability theory, mathematical physics, and partial dif ferential equations. Previous efforts in this direction were represented by the 1987 AMS Summer Research Conference "Geometry of Random Motion" co-sponsored with Rick Durrett, the proceedings of which ap peared as volume 73 in the AMS series "Contemporary Mathematics." The present effort is intended to extend beyond the strictly geometric theme and to include problems of large deviations, stochastic flows, and other areas of stochastic analysis in which diffusion processes play a leading role."

Discrete-time systems arise as a matter of course in modelling biological or economic processes. For systems and control theory they are of major importance, particularly in connection with digital control applications. If sampling is performed in order to control periodic processes, almost periodic systems are obtained. This is a strong motivation to investigate the discrete-time systems with time-varying coefficients. This research monograph contains a study of discrete-time nodes, the discrete counterpart of the theory elaborated by Bart, Gohberg and Kaashoek for the continuous case, discrete-time Lyapunov and Riccati equations, discrete-time Hamiltonian systems in connection with input-output operators and associated Hankel and Toeplitz operators. All these tools aim to solve the problems of stabilization and attenuation of disturbances in the framework of H2- and H-control theory. The book is the first of its kind to be devoted to these topics and consists mainly of original, recently obtained results.

The materials in the book and on the accompanying disc are not solely developed with only the researcher and professional in mind, but also with consideration for the student: most of this material has been class-tested by the authors. The book is packed with some 100 computer graphics to illustrate the material, and the CD-ROM contains full-colour animations tied directly to the subject matter of the book itself. The cross-platform CD also contains the program ENDO, which enables users to create their own 2-D imagery with X-Windows. Maple scripts are provided to allow readers to work directly with the code from which the graphics in the book were taken.

The rapid development of set theory in the last fifty years, mainly by obtaining plenty of independence results, strongly influenced an understanding of the structure of the real line. This book is devoted to the study of the real line and its subsets taking into account the recent results of set theory. Whenever possible the presentation is done without the full axiom of choice. Since the book is intended to be self-contained, all necessary results of set theory, topology, measure theory, and descriptive set theory are revisited with the purpose of eliminating superfluous use of an axiom of choice. The duality of measure and category is studied in a detailed manner. Several statements pertaining to properties of the real line are shown to be undecidable in set theory. The metamathematics behind set theory is shortly explained in the appendix. Each section contains a series of exercises with additional results.

The importance of mathematics in the study of problems arising from the real world, and the increasing success with which it has been used to model situations ranging from the purely deterministic to the stochastic, in all areas of today's Physical Sciences and Engineering, is well established. The purpose of the sets of volumes, the present one being the first in a planned series of sequential sets, is to make available authoritative, up to date, and self-contained accounts of some of the most important and useful of these analytical approaches and techniques. Each volume in each set will provide a detailed introduction to a specific subject area of current importance, and then goes beyond this by reviewing recent contributions, thereby serving as a valuable reference source. The progress in applicable mathematics has been brought about by the extension and development of many important analytical approaches and techniques, in areas both old and new, frequently aided by the use of computers without which the solution of realistic problems in modern Physical Sciences and Engineering would otherwise have been impossible.A case in point is the analytical technique of singular perturbation theory (Volume 3), which has a long history. In recent years it has been used in many different ways, and its importance has been enhanced by its having been used in various fields to derive sequences of asymptotic approximations, each with a higher order of accuracy than its predecessor. These approximations have, in turn, provided a better understanding of the subject and stimulated the development of new methods for the numerical solution of the higher order approximations. A typical example of this type is to be found in the general study of nonlinear wave propagation phenomena as typified by the study of water waves. Elsewhere, as with the identification and emergence of the study of inverse problems (volumes 1 and 2), new analytical approaches have stimulated the development of numerical techniques for the solution of this major class of problems.Such work divides naturally into two parts, the first being the identification and formulation of inverse problems, the theory of ill-posed problems and the class of one-dimensional inverse problems, and the second being the study and theory of multidimensional inverse problems. Volume 1: Inverse Problems 1 Volume 2: Inverse Problems 2 Alexander G. Ramm, Author These volumes present the theory of inverse spectral and scattering problems and of many other inverse problems for differential equations in an essentially self-contained way.Highlights of these volumes include novel presentation of the classical theories (Gel'fand-Levitan's and Marchenko's), analysis of the invertibility of the inversion steps in these theories, study of some new inverse problems in one-and multi-dimensional cases; I-function and applications to classical and new inverse scattering and spectral problems, study of inverse problems with incomplete data, study of some new inverse problems for parabolic and hyperbolic equations, discussion of some non-overdetermined inverse problems, a study of inverse problems arising in the theory of ground-penetrating radars, development of DSM (dynamical systems method) for solving ill-posed nonlinear operator equations, comparison of the Ramm's inversion method for solving fixed-energy inverse scattering

* Introduces a state-of-the-art method for the study of the asymptotic behavior of solutions to evolution partial differential equations.

* Written by established mathematicians at the forefront of their field, this blend of delicate analysis and broad application is ideal for a course or seminar in asymptotic analysis and nonlinear PDEs.

* Well-organized text with detailed index and bibliography, suitable as a course text or reference volume.

This is the third version of a book on differential manifolds. The first version appeared in 1962, and was written at the very beginning of a period of great expansion of the subject. At the time, I found no satisfactory book for the foundations of the subject, for multiple reasons. I expanded the book in 1971, and I expand it still further today. Specifically, I have added three chapters on Riemannian and pseudo Riemannian geometry, that is, covariant derivatives, curvature, and some applications up to the Hopf-Rinow and Hadamard-Cartan theorems, as well as some calculus of variations and applications to volume forms. I have rewritten the sections on sprays, and I have given more examples of the use of Stokes' theorem. I have also given many more references to the literature, all of this to broaden the perspective of the book, which I hope can be used among things for a general course leading into many directions. The present book still meets the old needs, but fulfills new ones. At the most basic level, the book gives an introduction to the basic concepts which are used in differential topology, differential geometry, and differential equations. In differential topology, one studies for instance homotopy classes of maps and the possibility of finding suitable differentiable maps in them (immersions, embeddings, isomorphisms, etc.).

In this small text the basic theory of the continuum, including the elements of metric space theory and continuity is developed within the system of intuitionistic mathematics in the sense of L.E.J. Brouwer and H. Weyl. The main features are proofs of the famous theorems of Brouwer concerning the continuity of all functions that are defined on "whole" intervals, the uniform continuity of all functions that are defined on compact intervals, and the uniform convergence of all pointwise converging sequences of functions defined on compact intervals. The constructive approach is interesting both in itself and as a contrast to, for example, the formal axiomatic one.

The Spring 1986 Program in Geometric Function Theory (GFT) at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) brought together mathe maticians interested in Teichmiiller theory, quasiconformal mappings, Kleinian groups, univalent functions and value distribution. It included a large and stimulating Workshop, preceded by a mini-conference on String Theory attended by both mathematicians and physicists. These activities produced interesting results and fruitful interactions among the partici pants. These volumes represent only a portion of the papers that will even tually result from ideas developed in the offices and corridors of MSRI's elegant home. The Editors solicited contributions from all participants in the Program whether or not they gave a talk at the Workshop. Papers were also submit ted by mathematicians invited but unable to attend. All manuscripts were refereed. The articles included here cover a broad spectrum, representative of the activities during the semester. We have made an attempt to group them by subject, for the reader's convenience. The Editors take pleasure in thanking all participants, authors and ref erees for their work in producing these volumes. We are also grateful to the Scientific Advisory Council of MSRI for sup porting the Program in GFT. Finally thanks are due to the National Sci ence Foundation and those Universities (including Cornell, Michigan, Min nesota, Rutgers Newark, SUNY Stony Brook) who gave released time to faculty members to participate for extended periods in this program."

A NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Classical and Modern Potential The- ory and Applications was held at the Chateau de Bonas, France, during the last week of July 1993. The workshop was organized by the Co-Directors M. Goldstein (Ari- zona) and K. GowriSankaran (Montreal). The other members of the organizing committee were J. Bliedtner (Frankfurt), D. Feyel (Paris), W. K. Hayman (York, England) and I. Netuka (Praha). The objective of the workshop was to bring to- gether the researchers at the forefront of the aspects of the Potential Theory for a meaningful dialogue and for positive interaction amongst the mathematicians prac- tising different aspects of the theory and its applications. Fifty one mathematicians participated in the workshop. The workshop covered a fair representation of the classical aspects of the theory covering topics such as approximations, radial be- haviour, value distributions of meromorphic functions and the modern Potential theory including axiomatic developments, probabilistic theories, studies on infinite dimensional Wiener spaces, solutions of powers of Laplacian and other second order partial differential equations. There were keynote addresses delivered by D. Armitage (Belfast), N. Bouleau (Paris), A. Eremenko (Purdue), S. J. Gardiner (Dublin), W. Hansen (Bielefeld), W. Hengartner (Laval U. , Quebec), K. Janssen (Dusseldorf), T. Murai (Nagoya), A. de la Pradelle (Paris) and J. M. Wu (Urbana). There were thirty six other invited talks of one half hour duration each.

The Abel Symposium 2008 focused on the modern theory of differential equations and their applications in geometry, mechanics, and mathematical physics. Following the tradition of Monge, Abel and Lie, the scientific program emphasized the role of algebro-geometric methods, which nowadays permeate all mathematical models in natural and engineering sciences. The ideas of invariance and symmetry are of fundamental importance in the geometric approach to differential equations, with a serious impact coming from the area of integrable systems and field theories.

This volume consists of original contributions and broad overview lectures of the participants of the Symposium. The papers in this volume present the modern approach to this classical subject.

This volume presents answers to some natural questions of a general analytic character that arise in the theory of Banach spaces. I believe that altogether too many of the results presented herein are unknown to the active abstract analysts, and this is not as it should be. Banach space theory has much to offer the prac titioners of analysis; unfortunately, some of the general principles that motivate the theory and make accessible many of its stunning achievements are couched in the technical jargon of the area, thereby making it unapproachable to one unwilling to spend considerable time and effort in deciphering the jargon. With this in mind, I have concentrated on presenting what I believe are basic phenomena in Banach spaces that any analyst can appreciate, enjoy, and perhaps even use. The topics covered have at least one serious omission: the beautiful and powerful theory of type and cotype. To be quite frank, I could not say what I wanted to say about this subject without increasing the length of the text by at least 75 percent. Even then, the words would not have done as much good as the advice to seek out the rich Seminaire Maurey-Schwartz lecture notes, wherein the theory's development can be traced from its conception. Again, the treasured volumes of Lindenstrauss and Tzafriri also present much of the theory of type and cotype and are must reading for those really interested in Banach space theory."

The Workshop on Operator Theory and Boundary Eigenvalue Problems was held at the Technical University, Vienna, Austria, July 27 to 30, 1993. It was the seventh workshop in the series of IWOTA (International Workshops on Operator Theory and Applications). The main topics at the workshop were interpolation problems and analytic matrix functions, operator theory in spaces with indefinite scalar products, boundary value problems for differential and functional-differential equations and systems theory and control. The workshop covered different aspects, starting with abstract operator theory up to contrete applications. The papers in these proceedings provide an accurate cross section of the lectures presented at the workshop. This book will be of interest to a wide group of pure and applied mathematicians.

A basic principle governing the boundary behaviour of holomorphic func tions (and harmonic functions) is this: Under certain growth conditions, for almost every point in the boundary of the domain, these functions ad mit a boundary limit, if we approach the bounda-ry point within certain approach regions. For example, for bounded harmonic functions in the open unit disc, the natural approach regions are nontangential triangles with one vertex in the boundary point, and entirely contained in the disc [Fat06]. In fact, these natural approach regions are optimal, in the sense that convergence will fail if we approach the boundary inside larger regions, having a higher order of contact with the boundary. The first theorem of this sort is due to J. E. Littlewood [Lit27], who proved that if we replace a nontangential region with the rotates of any fixed tangential curve, then convergence fails. In 1984, A. Nagel and E. M. Stein proved that in Euclidean half spaces (and the unit disc) there are in effect regions of convergence that are not nontangential: These larger approach regions contain tangential sequences (as opposed to tangential curves). The phenomenon discovered by Nagel and Stein indicates that the boundary behaviour of ho)omor phic functions (and harmonic functions), in theorems of Fatou type, is regulated by a second principle, which predicts the existence of regions of convergence that are sequentially larger than the natural ones.

A NATO Advanced Study Institute on Nonlinear Functional Analysis and Its Applications was held in Hotel Villa del Mare, Maratea, It.a1y during April 22 - May 3, 1985. This volume consists of the Proceedings of the Institute. These Proceedings include the invited lectures and contributed papers given during the Institute. The papers have been refereed. The aim of these lectures was to bring together recent and up-to-date development of the subject, and to give directions for future research. The main topics covered include: degree and generalized degree theory, results related to Hamiltonian Systems, Fixed Point theory, linear and nonlinear Differential and Partial Differential Equations, Theory of Nielsen Numbers, and applications to Dynamical Systems, Bifurcation Theory, Hamiltonian Systems, Minimax Theory, Heat Equations, Pendulum Equation, Nonlinear Boundary Value Problems, and Dirichlet and Neumann problems for elliptic equations and the periodic Dirichlet problem for semilinear beam equations. I express my sincere thanks to Professors F. E. Browder, R. Conti, A. Do1d, D. E. Edmunds and J. Mawhin members of the Advisory Committee.

Understanding tensors is essential for any physics student dealing with phenomena where causes and effects have different directions. A horizontal electric field producing vertical polarization in dielectrics; an unbalanced car wheel wobbling in the vertical plane while spinning about a horizontal axis; an electrostatic field on Earth observed to be a magnetic field by orbiting astronauts-these are some situations where physicists employ tensors. But the true beauty of tensors lies in this fact: When coordinates are transformed from one system to another, tensors change according to the same rules as the coordinates. Tensors, therefore, allow for the convenience of coordinates while also transcending them. This makes tensors the gold standard for expressing physical relationships in physics and geometry. Undergraduate physics majors are typically introduced to tensors in special-case applications. For example, in a classical mechanics course, they meet the "inertia tensor," and in electricity and magnetism, they encounter the "polarization tensor." However, this piecemeal approach can set students up for misconceptions when they have to learn about tensors in more advanced physics and mathematics studies (e.g., while enrolled in a graduate-level general relativity course or when studying non-Euclidean geometries in a higher mathematics class). Dwight E. Neuenschwander's Tensor Calculus for Physics is a bottom-up approach that emphasizes motivations before providing definitions. Using a clear, step-by-step approach, the book strives to embed the logic of tensors in contexts that demonstrate why that logic is worth pursuing. It is an ideal companion for courses such as mathematical methods of physics, classical mechanics, electricity and magnetism, and relativity.

This self-contained textbook gives a thorough exposition of multivariable calculus. The emphasis is on correlating general concepts and results of multivariable calculus with their counterparts in one-variable calculus. Further, the book includes genuine analogues of basic results in one-variable calculus, such as the mean value theorem and the fundamental theorem of calculus. This book is distinguished from others on the subject: it examines topics not typically covered, such as monotonicity, bimonotonicity, and convexity, together with their relation to partial differentiation, cubature rules for approximate evaluation of double integrals, and conditional as well as unconditional convergence of double series and improper double integrals. Each chapter contains detailed proofs of relevant results, along with numerous examples and a wide collection of exercises of varying degrees of difficulty, making the book useful to undergraduate and graduate students alike.

In response to the growing use of reaction diffusion problems in many fields, this monograph gives a systematic treatment of a class of nonlinear parabolic and elliptic differential equations and their applications these problems. It is an important reference for mathematicians and engineers, as well as a practical text for graduate students.

1 More than thirty years after its discovery by Abraham Robinson, the ideas and techniques of Nonstandard Analysis (NSA) are being applied across the whole mathematical spectrum, as well as constituting an im portant field of research in their own right. The current methods of NSA now greatly extend Robinson's original work with infinitesimals. However, while the range of applications is broad, certain fundamental themes re cur. The nonstandard framework allows many informal ideas (that could loosely be described as idealisation) to be made precise and tractable. For example, the real line can (in this framework) be treated simultaneously as both a continuum and a discrete set of points; and a similar dual ap proach can be used to link the notions infinite and finite, rough and smooth. This has provided some powerful tools for the research mathematician - for example Loeb measure spaces in stochastic analysis and its applications, and nonstandard hulls in Banach spaces. The achievements of NSA can be summarised under the headings (i) explanation - giving fresh insight or new approaches to established theories; (ii) discovery - leading to new results in many fields; (iii) invention - providing new, rich structures that are useful in modelling and representation, as well as being of interest in their own right. The aim of the present volume is to make the power and range of appli cability of NSA more widely known and available to research mathemati cians."

In the past few years, the differential quadrature method has been applied extensively in engineering. This book, aimed primarily at practising engineers, scientists and graduate students, gives a systematic description of the mathematical fundamentals of differential quadrature and its detailed implementation in solving Helmholtz problems and problems of flow, structure and vibration. Differential quadrature provides a global approach to numerical discretization, which approximates the derivatives by a linear weighted sum of all the functional values in the whole domain. Following the analysis of function approximation and the analysis of a linear vector space, it is shown in the book that the weighting coefficients of the polynomial-based, Fourier expansion-based, and exponential-based differential quadrature methods can be computed explicitly. It is also demonstrated that the polynomial-based differential quadrature method is equivalent to the highest-order finite difference scheme. Furthermore, the relationship between differential quadrature and conventional spectral collocation is analysed.
The book contains material on:
- Linear Vector Space Analysis and the Approximation of a Function;
- Polynomial-, Fourier Expansion- and Exponential-based Differential Quadrature;
- Differential Quadrature Weighting Coefficient Matrices;
- Solution of Differential Quadrature-resultant Equations;
- The Solution of Incompressible Navier-Stokes and Helmholtz Equations;
- Structural and Vibrational Analysis Applications;
- Generalized Integral Quadrature and its Application in the Solution of Boundary Layer Equations.
Three FORTRAN programs for simulation of driven cavity flow, vibration analysis of plate and Helmholtz eigenvalue problems respectively, are appended. These sample programs should give the reader a better understanding of differential quadrature and can easily be modified to solve the readers own engineering problems.

Descriptor linear systems theory is an important part in the general field of control systems theory, and has attracted much attention in the last two decades. In spite of the fact that descriptor linear systems theory has been a topic very rich in content, there have been only a few books on this topic. This book provides a systematic introduction to the theory of continuous-time descriptor linear systems and aims to provide a relatively systematic introduction to the basic results in descriptor linear systems theory. The clear representation of materials and a large number of examples make this book easy to understand by a large audience. General readers will find in this book a comprehensive introduction to the theory of descriptive linear systems. Researchers will find a comprehensive description of the most recent results in this theory and students will find a good introduction to some important problems in linear systems theory.

The Springer edition of this book is an unchanged reprint of Courant and Friedrich's classical treatise which was first published in 1948. The basic research for it took place during World War II, but there are many aspects which still make the book interesting as a text and as a reference. It treats basic aspects of the dynamics of compressible fluids in mathematical form, and attempts to present a systematic theory of nonlinear wave propagation, particularly in relation to gas dynamics. Written in the form of an advanced textbook, it accounts for classical as well as some fairly recent developments. The authors intend their audience to be engineers, physicists and mathematicians alike.

During the week of August 31 - September 4, 1998, a conference in honour of Vladimir Maz'ya was held in Rostock as a satellite meeting of the World Congress of Mathematicians. It was sponsored by the German Research Founda tion (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) and the Ministry of Education and Cul tural Affairs of the land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. During his forty year career Maz'ya contributed to so many areas of mathematical analysis that such a broad topic of the conference as "Functional Analysis, Partial Differential Equations and Applications" sounds quite nat al. The conference was organized by the Depart ment of Mathematics of the University of Rostock and the Weierstrass Institute of Applied Analysis and Stochastics in Berlin on the occasion of his 60th birth day. For many years Maz'ya was connected with mathematicians from Berlin and Rostock through his work in potential theory, in differential and pseudodifferen tial equations and in approximation theory. In 1990 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Rostock. Shortly before the meeting, one of its organizers, an outstanding mathematician and Maz'ya's dear friend, Siegfried Pr6Bdorf died. This was a heavy loss for the and for the conference in particular. During the German mathematical community meeting the rector of the University of Rostock, Prof. Wildenhain, the director of the Weierstrass Institute, Prof. Sprekels, and Prof. Maz'ya remembered S. Pr6Bdorf very warmly. The conference was attended by 109 mathematicians from 21 countries, and the program included 24 invited lectures and 63 short communications."