Applying functional analysis and operator theory to some concrete asymptotic problems of linear algebra, this book contains results on the stability of projection methods, deals with asymptotic inverses and Moore-Penrose inversion of large Toeplitz matrices, and embarks on the asymptotic behaviour of the norms of inverses, the pseudospectra, the singular values, and the eigenvalues of large Toeplitz matrices. The approach is heavily based on Banach algebra techniques and nicely demonstrates the usefulness of C*-algebras and local principles in numerical analysis, including classical topics as well as results and methods from the last few years. Though employing modern tools, the exposition is elementary and points out the mathematical background behind some interesting phenomena encountered with large Toeplitz matrices. Accessible to readers with basic knowledge in functional analysis, the book addresses graduates, teachers, and researchers and should be of interest to everyone who has to deal with infinite matrices (Toeplitz or not) and their large truncations.

The contributions in this volume are dedicated to Vladimir G. Maz'ya and are par tially based on talks given at the conference "Functional Analysis, Partial Differ ential Equations, and Applications," which took place at the University of Rostock from August 31 to September 4, 1998, to honour Prof. Maz'ya. This conference (a satellite meeting of the ICM) gave an opportunity to many friends and colleagues from all over the world to honour him. This academic community is very large. The scientific field of Prof. Maz'ya is impressively broad, which is reflected in the variety of contributions included in the volumes. Vladimir Maz'ya is the author and co-author of many publications (see the list of publications at the end of this volume), the topics of which extend from functional analysis, function theory and numerical analysis to partial differential equations and their broad applications. Vladimir G. Maz'ya provided significant contributions, among others to the the ory of Sobolev spaces, the capacity theory, boundary integral methods, qualitative and asymptotic methods of analysis of linear and nonlinear elliptic differential equations, the Cauchy problem for elliptic and hyperbolic equations, the theory of multipliers in spaces of differentiable functions, maximum principles for elliptic and parabolic systems, and boundary value problems in domains with piecewise smooth boundaries. Surveys on Maz'ya's work in different fields of mathematics and areas, where he made essential contributions, form a major part of the present first volume of The Maz'ya Anniversary Collection."

This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Asymptotic-induced Numerical Methods for Partial Differ ential Equations, Critical Parameters, and Domain Decomposition," held at Beaune (France), May 25-28, 1992. The purpose of the workshop was to stimulate the integration of asymp totic analysis, domain decomposition methods, and symbolic manipulation tools for the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) with critical parameters. A workshop on the same topic was held at Argonne Na tional Laboratory in February 1990. (The proceedings were published under the title Asymptotic Analysis and the Numerical Solu.tion of Partial Differ ential Equations, Hans G. Kaper and Marc Garbey, eds., Lecture Notes in Pure and Applied Mathematics. Vol. 130, .Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1991.) In a sense, the present proceedings represent a progress report on the topic area. Comparing the two sets of proceedings, we see an increase in the quantity as well as the quality of the contributions. 110re research is being done in the topic area, and the interest covers serious, nontrivial problems. We are pleased with this outcome and expect to see even more advances in the next few years as the field progresses."

Mathematics students generally meet the Riemann integral early in their undergraduate studies, then at advanced undergraduate or graduate level they receive a course on measure and integration dealing with the Lebesgue theory. However, those whose interests lie more in the direction of applied mathematics will in all probability find themselves needing to use the Lebesgue or Lebesgue-Stieltjes Integral without having the necessary theoretical background. It is to such readers that this book is addressed. The authors aim to introduce the Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral on the real line in a natural way as an extension of the Riemann integral. They have tried to make the treatment as practical as possible. The evaluation of Lebesgue-Stieltjes integrals is discussed in detail, as are the key theorems of integral calculus as well as the standard convergence theorems. The book then concludes with a brief discussion of multivariate integrals and surveys ok L DEGREESp spaces and some applications. Exercises, which extend and illustrate the theory, and provide practice in techniques, are included. Michael Carter and Bruce van Brunt are senior lecturers in mathematics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Michael Carter obtained his Ph.D. at Massey University in 1976. He has research interests in control theory and differential equations, and has many years of experience in teaching analysis. Bruce van Brunt obtained his D.Phil. at the University of Oxford in 1989. His research interests include differential geometry, differential equations, and analysis. His publications

This and the next volume of the OT series contain the proceedings of the Work shop on Operator Theory and its Applications, IWOTA 95, which was held at the University of Regensburg, Germany, July 31 to August 4, 1995. It was the eigth workshop of this kind. Following is a list of the seven previous workshops with reference to their proceedings: 1981 Operator Theory (Santa Monica, California, USA) 1983 Applications of Linear Operator Theory to Systems and Networks (Rehovot, Israel), OT 12 1985 Operator Theory and its Applications (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), OT 19 1987 Operator Theory and Functional Analysis (Mesa, Arizona, USA), OT 35 1989 Matrix and Operator Theory (Rotterdam, The Netherlands), OT 50 1991 Operator Theory and Complex Analysis (Sapporo, Japan), OT 59 1993 Operator Theory and Boundary Eigenvalue Problems (Vienna, Austria), OT 80 IWOTA 95 offered a rich programme on a wide range of latest developments in operator theory and its applications. The programme consisted of 6 invited plenary lectures, 54 invited special topic lectures and more than 100 invited session talks. About 180 participants from 25 countries attended the workshop, more than a third came from Eastern Europe. The conference covered different aspects of linear and nonlinear spectral prob lems, starting with problems for abstract operators up to spectral theory of ordi nary and partial differential operators, pseudodifferential operators, and integral operators. The workshop was also focussed on operator theory in spaces with indefinite metric, operator functions, interpolation and extension problems."

The chapters are split into sections, which, in turn, are split into subsections enumerated by two numbers: the first stands for the number of the section while the second for the number ofthe subsection itself. The same numeration is used for all kinds of statements and formulas. If we refer to statements or formulas in other chapters, we use triple numeration where the first number stands for the chapter and the other two have the same sense. The results presented in this book were discussed on the seminars at the Institute of Mathematics of Ukrainian Academy ofSciences, at the Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, at Moscow and Tbilisi State Universities. I am deeply grateful to the heads of these seminars Professors V. K. Dzyadyk, N. P. Kor- neichuk, S. B. Stechkin, P. L. U1yanov, and L. V. Zhizhiashvili as well as to the mem- bers ofthese seminars that took an active part in the discussions. In TRODUCTIon It is well known for many years that every 21t -periodic summable function f(x) can be associated in a one-to-one manner with its Fourier series (1. 1) Slfl where I It = - f f(t)cosktdt 1t -It and I It - f f(t)sinktdt. 1t -It Therefore, if for approximation of a given function f(*), it is necessary to construct a sequence ofpolynomials Pn (.

This IMA Volume in Mathematics and its Applications PATTERN FORMATION IN CONTINUOUS AND COUPLED SYSTEMS is based on the proceedings of a workshop with the same title, but goes be yond the proceedings by presenting a series of mini-review articles that sur vey, and provide an introduction to, interesting problems in the field. The workshop was an integral part of the 1997-98 IMA program on "EMERG ING APPLICATIONS OF DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS." I would like to thank Martin Golubitsky, University of Houston (Math ematics) Dan Luss, University of Houston (Chemical Engineering), and Steven H. Strogatz, Cornell University (Theoretical and Applied Mechan ics) for their excellent work as organizers of the meeting and for editing the proceedings. I also take this opportunity to thank the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Army Research Office (ARO), whose financial support made the workshop possible. Willard Miller, Jr., Professor and Director v PREFACE Pattern formation has been studied intensively for most of this cen tury by both experimentalists and theoreticians, and there have been many workshops and conferences devoted to the subject. In the IMA workshop on Pattern Formation in Continuous and Coupled Systems held May 11-15, 1998 we attempted to focus on new directions in the patterns literature."

This book focuses on the topics which provide the foundation for practicing engineering mathematics: ordinary differential equations, vector calculus, linear algebra and partial differential equations. Destined to become the definitive work in the field, the book uses a practical engineering approach based upon solving equations and incorporates computational techniques throughout.

This substantially revised second edition teaches the bifurcation of asymptotic solutions to evolution problems governed by nonlinear differential equations. Written not just for mathematicians, it appeals to the widest audience of learners, including engineers, biologists, chemists, physicists and economists. For this reason, it uses only well-known methods of classical analysis at foundation level, while the applications and examples are specially chosen to be as varied as possible.

This book presents a substantial part of matrix analysis that is functional analytic in spirit. Topics covered include the theory of majorization, variational principles for eigenvalues, operator monotone and convex functions, and perturbation of matrix functions and matrix inequalities. The book offers several powerful methods and techniques of wide applicability, and it discusses connections with other areas of mathematics.

Presents a discrete in time-space universal map of relative dynamics that is used to unfold an extensive catalogue of dynamic events not previously discussed in mathematical or social science literature. With emphasis on the chaotic dynamics that may ensue, the book describes the evolution on the basis of temporal and locational advantages. It explains nonlinear discrete time dynamic maps primarily through numerical simulations. These very rich qualitative dynamics are linked to evolution processes in socio-spatial systems. Important features include: The analytical properties of the one-stock, two- and three-location map; the numerical results from the one- and two-stock, two- and three-location dynamics; and the demonstration of the map's potential applicability in the social sciences through simulating population dynamics of the U.S. Regions over a two-century period. In addition, this book includes new findings: the Hopf equivalent discrete time dynamics bifurcation; the Feigenbaum slope-sequences; the presence of strange local attractors and containers; switching of extreme states; the presence of different types of turbulence; local and global turbulence. Intended for researchers and advanced graduate students in applied mathematics and an interest in dynamics and chaos. Mathematical social scientists in many other fields will also find this book useful.

As is well known, The Great Divide (a.k.a. The Continental Divide) is formed by the Rocky Mountains stretching from north to south across North America. It creates a virtual "stone wall" so high that wind, rain, snow, etc. cannot cross it. This keeps the weather distinct on both sides. Since railroad trains cannot climb steep grades and tunnels through these mountains are almost formidable, the Canadian Pacific Railroad searched for a mountain pass providing the lowest grade for its tracks. Employees discovered a suitable mountain pass, called the Kicking Horse Pass, el. 5404 ft., near Banff, Alberta. (One can speculate as to the reason for the name.) This pass is also used by the Trans-Canada Highway. At the highest point of the pass the railroad tracks are horizontal with mountains rising on both sides. A mountain stream divides into two branches, one flowing into the Atlantic Ocean and the other into the Pacific. One can literally stand (as the author did) with one foot in the Atlantic Ocean and the other in the Pacific. The author has observed many mountain passes in the Rocky Mountains and Alps. What connections do mountain passes have with nonlinear partial dif ferential equations? To find out, read on ..."

Sampling, wavelets, and tomography are three active areas of contemporary mathematics sharing common roots that lie at the heart of harmonic and Fourier analysis. The advent of new techniques in mathematical analysis has strengthened their interdependence and led to some new and interesting results in the field. This state-of-the-art book not only presents new results in these research areas, but it also demonstrates the role of sampling in both wavelet theory and tomography. Specific topics covered include: * Robustness of Regular Sampling in Sobolev Algebras * Irregular and Semi-Irregular Weyl-Heisenberg Frames * Adaptive Irregular Sampling in Meshfree Flow Simulation * Sampling Theorems for Non-Bandlimited Signals * Polynomial Matrix Factorization, Multidimensional Filter Banks, and Wavelets * Generalized Frame Multiresolution Analysis of Abstract Hilbert Spaces * Sampling Theory and Parallel-Beam Tomography * Thin-Plate Spline Interpolation in Medical Imaging * Filtered Back-Projection Algorithms for Spiral Cone Computed Tomography Aimed at mathematicians, scientists, and engineers working in signal and image processing and medical imaging, the work is designed to be accessible to an audience with diverse mathematical backgrounds. Although the volume reflects the contributions of renowned mathematicians and engineers, each chapter has an expository introduction written for the non-specialist. One of the key features of the book is an introductory chapter stressing the interdependence of the three main areas covered. A comprehensive index completes the work. Contributors: J.J. Benedetto, N.K. Bose, P.G. Casazza, Y.C. Eldar, H.G. Feichtinger, A. Faridani, A. Iske, S. Jaffard, A. Katsevich, S. Lertrattanapanich, G. Lauritsch, B. Mair, M. Papadakis, P.P. Vaidyanathan, T. Werther, D.C. Wilson, A.I. Zayed

Fifteen years ago, most mathematicians who worked in the intersection of function theory and operator theory thought that progress on the Bergman spaces was unlikely, yet today the situation has completely changed. For several years, research interest and activity have expanded in this area and there are now rich theories describing the Bergman spaces and their operators. This book is a timely treatment of the theory, written by three of the major players in the field.

Basic Real Analysis demonstrates the richness of real analysis, giving students an introduction both to mathematical rigor and to the deep theorems and counter examples that arise from such rigor. In this modern and systematic text, all the touchstone results and fundamentals are carefully presented in a style that requires little prior familiarity with proofs or mathematical language. With its many examples, exercises and broad view of analysis, this work is ideal for senior undergraduates and beginning graduate students, either in the classroom or for self-study.

Polynomials pervade mathematics, virtually every branch of mathematics from algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry to applied analysis and computer science, has a corpus of theory arising from polynomials. The material explored in this book primarily concerns polynomials as they arise in analysis; it focuses on polynomials and rational functions of a single variable. The book is self-contained and assumes at most a senior-undergraduate familiarity with real and complex analysis.
After an introduction to the geometry of polynomials and a discussion of refinements of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, the book turns to a consideration of various special polynomials. Chebyshev and Descartes systems are then introduced, and Muntz systems and rational systems are examined in detail. Subsequent chapters discuss denseness questions and the inequalities satisfied by polynomials and rational functions. Appendices on algorithms and computational concerns, on the interpolation theorem, and on orthogonality and irrationality conclude the book."

One of the most effective ways to stimulate students to enjoy intellectual efforts is the scientific competition. In 1894 the Hungarian Mathematical and Physical Society introduced a mathematical competition for high school students. The success of high school competitions led the Mathematical Society to found a college level contest, named after Miklos Schweitzer. The problems of the Schweitzer Contests are proposed and selected by the most prominent Hungarian mathematicians. This book collects the problems posed in the contests between 1962 and 1991 which range from algebra, combinatorics, theory of functions, geometry, measure theory, number theory, operator theory, probability theory, topology, to set theory. The second part contains the solutions. The Schweitzer competition is one of the most unique in the world. The experience shows that this competition helps to identify research talents. This collection of problems and solutions in several fields in mathematics can serve as a guide for many undergraduates and young mathematicians. The large variety of research level problems might be of interest for more mature mathematicians and historians of mathematics as well.

The analysis of variance (ANOYA) models have become one of the most widely used tools of modern statistics for analyzing multifactor data. The ANOYA models provide versatile statistical tools for studying the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. The ANOYA mod els are employed to determine whether different variables interact and which factors or factor combinations are most important. They are appealing because they provide a conceptually simple technique for investigating statistical rela tionships among different independent variables known as factors. Currently there are several texts and monographs available on the sub ject. However, some of them such as those of Scheffe (1959) and Fisher and McDonald (1978), are written for mathematically advanced readers, requiring a good background in calculus, matrix algebra, and statistical theory; whereas others such as Guenther (1964), Huitson (1971), and Dunn and Clark (1987), although they assume only a background in elementary algebra and statistics, treat the subject somewhat scantily and provide only a superficial discussion of the random and mixed effects analysis of variance."

Devoted to local and global analysis of weakly connected systems with applications to neurosciences, this book uses bifurcation theory and canonical models as the major tools of analysis. It presents a systematic and well motivated development of both weakly connected system theory and mathematical neuroscience, addressing bifurcations in neuron and brain dynamics, synaptic organisations of the brain, and the nature of neural codes. The authors present classical results together with the most recent developments in the field, making this a useful reference for researchers and graduate students in various branches of mathematical neuroscience.

This comprehensive volume develops all of the standard features of Fourier analysis - Fourier series, Fourier transform, Fourier sine and cosine transforms, and wavelets. The books approach emphasizes the role of the "selector" functions, and is not embedded in the usual engineering context, which makes the material more accessible to a wider audience. While there are several publications on the various individual topics, none combine or even include all of the above.

This volume contains a multiplicity of approaches brought to bear on problems varying from the formation of caustics and the propagation of waves at a boundary, to the examination of viscous boundary layers. It examines the foundations of the theory of high- frequency electromagnetic waves in a dielectric or semiconducting medium. Nor are unifying themes entirely absent from nonlinear analysis: one chapter considers microlocal analysis, including paradifferential operator calculus, on Morrey spaces, and connections with various classes of partial differential equations.

The Institute for Mathematics and its Applications (IMA) devoted its 1997-1998 program to Emerging Applications of Dynamical Systems. Dynamical systems theory and related numerical algorithms provide powerful tools for studying the solution behavior of differential equations and mappings. In the past 25 years computational methods have been developed for calculating fixed points, limit cycles, and bifurcation points. A remaining challenge is to develop robust methods for calculating more complicated objects, such as higher- codimension bifurcations of fixed points, periodic orbits, and connecting orbits, as well as the calcuation of invariant manifolds. Another challenge is to extend the applicability of algorithms to the very large systems that result from discretizing partial differential equations. Even the calculation of steady states and their linear stability can be prohibitively expensive for large systems (e.g. 10_3- -10_6 equations) if attempted by simple direct methods. Several of the papers in this volume treat computational methods for low and high dimensional systems and, in some cases, their incorporation into software packages.A few papers treat fundamental theoretical problems, including smooth factorization of matrices, self -organized criticality, and unfolding of singular heteroclinic cycles. Other papers treat applications of dynamical systems computations in various scientific fields, such as biology, chemical engineering, fluid mechanics, and mechanical engineering.

This book discusses some of the first principles of modern analysis. I t can be used for courses at several levels, depending upon the background and ability of the students. It was written on the premise that today's good students have unexpected enthusiasm and nerve. When hard work is put to them, they work harder and ask for more. The honors course (at the University of Wisconsin) which inspired this book was, I think, more fun than the book itself. And better. But then there is acting in teaching, and a typewriter is a poor substitute for an audience. The spontaneous, creative disorder that characterizes an exciting course becomes silly in a book. To write, one must cut and dry. Yet, I hope enough of the spontaneity, enough of the spirit of that course, is left to enable those using the book to create exciting courses of their own. Exercises in this book are not designed for drill. They are designed to clarify the meanings of the theorems, to force an understanding of the proofs, and to call attention to points in a proof that might otherwise be overlooked. The exercises, therefore, are a real part of the theory, not a collection of side issues, and as such nearly all of them are to be done. Some drill is, of course, necessary, particularly in the calculation of integrals.

Finally, Moulin considers the problem of forming radar images under a diffuse-target statistical model. His estimation approach includes application of the maximum-likelihood principle and a regularization procedure based on wavelet representations. In addition, he shows that the radar imaging problem can be seen as a problem of inference on the wavelet coefficients of an image corrupted by additive noise. The aim of this special issue is to provide a forum in which researchers from the fields of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering who work on problems of significance to computer vision can better understand each other. I hope that the papers included in this special issue will provide a clearer picture of the role of wavelet transforms and the principles of multiresolution analysis. I wish to thank many people for their contributions and assistance in this project: Gerhard Ritter, the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, who invited me to organize this issue and who provided patient guidance; the researchers who submitted papers for consideration and others who have contributed to the explosion of growth in this area; the reviewers, who provided careful and thoughtful evaluations in a timely fashion; and, finally, from these efforts, the authors of the papers selected for publication in the special issue. Andrew Laine Guest Editor Center for Computer Vision and Visualization Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Florida Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision, 3, 7-38 (1993). (c) Kluwer Academic Publishers. Manufactured in The Netherlands.

For many years, Serge Lang has given talks on selected items in mathematics which could be extracted at a level understandable by those who have had calculus. Written in a conversational tone, Lang now presents a collection of those talks as a book covering such topics as: prime numbers, the abc conjecture, approximation theorems of analysis, Bruhat-Tits spaces, and harmonic and symmetric polynomials. Each talk is written in a lively and informal style meant to engage any reader looking for further insight into mathematics.