Theobald Smith (1859-1934) is widely considered to be America's
first significant medical scientist and the world's leading
comparative pathologist. Entering the new field of infectious
diseases as a young medical graduate, his research in bacteriology,
immunology, and parasitology produced many important and basic
discoveries. His most significant accomplishment was proving for
the first time that an infectious disease could be transmitted by
an arthropod agent. He also made significant discoveries on
anaphylaxis, vaccine production, bacterial variation, and a host of
other methods and diseases. His work on hog cholera led to the
selection of the paratyphoid species causing enteric fever as the
prototype of the eponymous Salmonella genus, mistakenly named for
his chief at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Daniel Salmon, who
first reported the discovery in 1886, although the work was
undertaken by Smith alone.
In 1895, Smith began a twenty-year career as teacher and
researcher at the Harvard Medical School and director of the
biological laboratory at the Massachusetts State Board of Health.
In 1902, when the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research was
founded, he was offered but declined its directorship; however, in
1914, when the Institute established a division of animal
pathology, he became director of its research division.
"Suppressing the Diseases of Animals and Man," the first
book-length biography of Smith to appear in print, is based
primarily on personal papers and correspondence that have remained
in the possession of his family until now.
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