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Books > Science & Mathematics > Physics > States of matter > Condensed matter physics (liquids & solids)
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Graphene - A New Paradigm in Condensed Matter and Device Physics (Paperback)
Loot Price: R1,480
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Graphene - A New Paradigm in Condensed Matter and Device Physics (Paperback)
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The book is an introduction to the science and possible
applications of Graphene, the first one-atom-thick crystalline form
of matter. Discovered in 2004 by now Nobelists Geim and Novoselov,
the single layer of graphite, a hexagonal network of carbon atoms,
has astonishing electrical and mechanical properties. It supports
the highest electrical current density of any material, far
exceeding metals copper and silver. Its absolute minimum thickness,
0.34 nanometers, provides an inherent advantage in possible forms
of digital electronics past the era of Moore's Law. The book
describes the unusual physics of the material, that it offers
linear rather than parabolic energy bands. The Dirac-like electron
energy bands lead to high constant carrier speed, similar to light
photons. The lattice symmetry further implies a two-component
wave-function, which has a practical effect of cancelling direct
backscattering of carriers. The resulting high carrier mobility
allows observation of the Quantum Hall Effect at room temperature,
unique to Graphene. The material is two-dimensional, but in sizes
micrometers nearly to meters displays great tensile strength but
vanishing resistance to bending. The book reviews theoretical
predictions of excessive atomic vibrational motion, tied to the
dimensionality. As explained, these predictions seem not of
practical consequence, and such effects are unobservable in samples
up to nearly one meter size. The disintegration temperature of this
refractory material is estimated as 4900K, certainly higher than
the measured sublimation temperature of graphite, 3900K. As
explained, applications of Graphene come in classes that range from
additives to composite materials to field effect transistor
elements capable of extremely high frequency operation. The classes
of applications correlate with differing methods of fabrication,
from inexpensive chemical exfoliations of graphite, to chemical
vapour deposition on catalytic substrates as Cu and Ni, at
temperatures around 1300K. The book reviews potential applications
within existing electronics, to include interconnect wires,
flash-memory elements, and high frequency field effect transistors.
The chance to supplant the dominant CMOS family of silicon logic
devices is assessed.
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