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Nobel Prizes: Genes, Viruses And Cellular Signaling (Paperback)
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Nobel Prizes: Genes, Viruses And Cellular Signaling (Paperback)
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The present book discusses the Nobel Prizes in physiology or
medicine from 1969 to 1971. The 1969 prize recognized Max Delbruck,
Alfred Hershey and Salvador Luria. Their pioneering studies of
viruses infecting bacteria, bacteriophages, from the mid-1940s
through the 1950s laid the foundation for the wide field of
molecular biology. The nature of the gene was finally understood.
Insights into the biochemistry of the critical information
molecules, the nucleic acids, opened wide vistas for interpreting
their expression and the interaction of their product with other
gene products.The contact between the endings of a nerve and a
target cell, the synapse, has always stirred the imagination of
scientists. A number of the insights gained have been highlighted
by Nobel Prizes in physiology or medicine. In 1970 the prize
recognized Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler and Julius Axelrod. They had
revealed how signaling substances in the nerve terminals were
stored in packages, released by membrane fusion and inactivated or
reused by particular metabolic events.The recipient of the 1971
Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was a single scientist, Earl
Sutherland. He had identified critical molecules in cells that
allow signals elicited at their surface via a number of internal
steps to influence the expression of specific genes in the nucleus.
The new kind of information transmitting molecules were referred to
as 'secondary messengers'. They represent a critical part of a
highly complex network of signaling controlling the operative
conditions of the cell by adjustments of the so-called intermediary
metabolism.The widening insights into functions of specialized
cells and their complex interactions have led to the development of
many kinds of remedies.
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