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Arenas of Language Use (Paperback)
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Arenas of Language Use (Paperback)
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When we think of the ways we use language, we think of face-to-face
conversations, telephone conversations, reading and writing, and
even talking to oneself. These are arenas of language use-theaters
of action in which people do things with language. But what exactly
are they doing with language? What are their goals and intentions?
By what processes do they achieve these goals? In these twelve
essays, Herbert H. Clark and his colleagues discuss the collective
nature of language-the ways in which people coordinate with each
other to determine the meaning of what they say. According to
Clark, in order for one person to understand another, there must be
a "common ground" of knowledge between them. He shows how people
infer this "common ground" from their past conversations, their
immediate surroundings, and their shared cultural background. Clark
also discusses the means by which speakers design their utterances
for particular audiences and coordinate their use of language with
other participants in a language arena. He argues that language use
in conversation is a collaborative process, where speaker and
listener work together to establish that the listener understands
the speaker's meaning. Since people often use words to mean
something quite different from the dictionary definitions of those
words, Clark offers a realistic perspective on how speakers and
listeners coordinate on the meanings of words. This collection
presents outstanding examples of Clark's pioneering work on the
pragmatics of language use and it will interest psychologists,
linguists, computer scientists, and philosophers.
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