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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Biochemistry > Lipids
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes in Lipid Metabolism (Hardcover, 2013 ed.)
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Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase Genes in Lipid Metabolism (Hardcover, 2013 ed.)
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Obesity and diabetes develop as a complex result of genetic,
metabolic and environmental factors and are characterized by
increased lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in many tissues.
Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes are a critical regulator of
lipogenesis and catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty
acids (MUFA), mainly oleoyl- (18:1n9) and palmitoleoyl-CoA
(16:1n7). These MUFAs are the major fatty acid substrates for the
synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol esters, wax esters and
membrane phospholipids. There are 4 SCD isoforms (SCD1-4) in mice
and two (hSCD1 and hSCD5) expressed in humans. At first glance,
stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme would be considered a housekeeping
enzyme because it synthesizes oleate a well-known fatty acid that
is abundant in many dietary sources. However numerous studies have
shown that SCD is a very highly regulated enzyme that features in
so many physiological processes ranging from fat differentiation,
carbohydrate and fat metabolism, inflammation and cancer. The
editor's studies using stearoyl-CoA desaturase knockout (SCD1-/-)
mice and studies of other investigators using pharmacological
approaches to reduce SCD1 expression in mouse tissues have all
established that the expression of SCD1 gene isoform represents a
key step in partitioning of lipids between storage and oxidation.
High SCD expression favors fat storage leading to obesity while
reduced SCD expression favors fat burning and leanness. Although
these studies clearly illustrated that SCD1 expression is involved
in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, questions
remain in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved and role of
SCD1. This book includes chapters by leading researchers on SCD
Genes in the brain, heart, muscle, liver metabolism, Colitis, and
more.
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