The rise of scientific (analytic) philosophy since the turn of
the twentieth century is linked to the philosophical interaction
between, on the one hand, Ernst Mach, the Vienna Circle around
Moritz Schlick and Otto Neurath, the Berlin Group (Hans
Reichenbach, Carl G. Hempel), and the Prague Group (Rudolf Carnap,
Philipp Frank), and, on the other, philosophers and scientists in
Denmark (Niels Bohr, Joergen Joergensen), Finland (Eino Kaila,
Georg Henrik von Wright and their disciples), Norway (Arne Naess
and his students), and Sweden (Ake Petzall, the journal Theoria and
a younger generation of philosophers in Uppsala). In addition, the
pure theory of law of Hans Kelsen achieved wide dissemination in
the Nordic countries (through, for example, Alf Ross). One of the
key events in the relations between the Central European
philosophers and those of the Nordic countries was the Second
International Congress for the Unity of Science which was arranged
in Copenhagen in 1936.
Besides considering the interactions of these groups, the book
also pays special attention to their interactions, in the context
of the Cold War period following the Second World War, with the
so-called Third Vienna Circle and with the Forum Alpbach/Austrian
College around Viktor Kraft and Bela Juhos (along with Ludwig
Wittgenstein and Paul Feyerabend), where the issues of
(philosophical and scientific) realism and "psychologism"-the
relationship between psychology and philosophy-were matters of
controversy.
By comparison with the more extensively investigated and better
known transatlantic transfer and transformation of "positivism" and
logical empiricism, the developments outlined above remain
neglected and marginalized topics in historiography. The
symposium aims to reveal the remarkable continuity of the
philosophical enlightened "Nordic Connection." We intend to shed
light on this forgotten communication and to reconstruct these
hidden scholarly networks from an historical and logical point of
view, thereby evaluating their significance for today's
research."
General
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