Fitness and adaptation are fundamental characteristics of plant
and animal species, enabling them to survive in their environment
and to adapt to the inevitable changes in this environment. This is
true for both the genetic resources of natural ecosystems as well
as those used in agricultural production.
Extensive genetic variation exists between varieties/breeds in a
species and amongst individuals within breeds. This variation has
developed over very long periods of time. A major ongoing challenge
is how to best utilize this variation to meet short-term demands
whilst also conserving it for longer-term possible use.
Many animal breeding programs have led to increased performance
for production traits but this has often been accompanied by
reduced fitness. In addition, the global use of genetic resources
prompts the question whether introduced genotypes are adapted to
local production systems. Understanding the genetic nature of
fitness and adaptation will enable us to better manage genetic
resources allowing us to make efficient and sustainable decisions
for the improvement or breeding of these resources.
This book had an ambitious goal in bringing together a sample of
the world s leading scientists in animal breeding and evolutionary
genetics to exchange knowledge to advance our understanding of
these vital issues.
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