This book introduces readers to the structure and characteristics
of nanomaterials and their applications in dentistry. With
currently available implant materials, the clinical failure rate
varies from a few percent to over 10 percent and new materials are
clearly needed. Nanomaterials offer the promise of higher strength,
better bonding, less toxicity, and enhanced cytocompatibility,
leading to increased tissue regeneration. Mieczyslaw Jurczyk,
director of the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering at
the Poznan University of Technology in Poland, has drawn from work
in his laboratory and elsewhere in Poland to show that
nanomaterials have important biological applications including in
the stomatognathic system consisting of mouth, jaws, and associated
structures. The book is written from a materials science and
medical point of view and has 13 chapters and about 400 pages. The
book can be divided approximately into three sections: the first
five chapters introduce nanobiomaterials, the next five chapters
describe their dental applications, and the last chapters describe
their biocompatibility. Chapter 3 is a compendium on metallic
biomaterials such as stainless steel, cobalt alloys, and titanium
alloys; bioactive, bioresorbable polymers; and composites and
ceramic biomaterials. The "top-down" approach to producing
nanomaterials such as high-energy ballmilling and severe plastic
deformation, as well as Feynman's "bottom-up technique" of building
atom by atom, are discussed in the next chapter. Subsequent
chapters discuss each material in depth and point out how new
architectures and properties emerge at the nanoscale. Chapter 8 is
devoted to shape-memory materials, which now include not only NiTi
but also polymers and magnetic materials. In order to improve
bonding, nanomaterials can be used to synthesize implants with
surface roughness similar to that of natural tissues. Chapter 9 is
devoted to different surface treatments for Ti-based nanomaterials,
such as anodic oxidation to improve the bioactivity of titanium and
improve the corrosion resistance of porous titanium and its alloys.
The use of carbon in various forms-nanoparticles, nanofibers,
nanotubes, and thin films-is discussed next with emphasis on the
microstructure and properties of these materials, their implant
applications, and their interaction with subcutaneous tissues.
Nanomaterials can be used in preventive dentistry and therefore can
reduce the amount of dental treatment that is necessary to maintain
a healthy mouth as argued in chapter 11. In a subsequent chapter,
the author explains osseointegration (direct bone-to-metal
interface) from a biological point of view and early tissue
response. The mechanism of the interaction between the implanted
materials with the cellular protein in the tissues is described.
The last chapter discusses the application of new nanostructured
materials in permanent and bioresorbable implants, nanosurface
dental implants, and nanostructured dental composite restorative
materials. This book not only focuses on nanomaterials but also on
nanoengineering to achieve the best results in dentistry. It is
recommended to anyone interested in nanomaterials and their
applications in dental science. People with a background in
materials, chemistry, physics, and biology will benefit from it.
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