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Glutathione in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Tolerance (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2017)
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Glutathione in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Tolerance (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2017)
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Glutathione ( -glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine) is a ubiquitously
distributed sulfurcontaining antioxidant molecule that plays key
roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and abiotic
and biotic stress tolerance. It is one of the most powerful
low-molecular-weight thiols, which rapidly accumulates in plant
cells under stress. Recent in-depth studies on glutathione
homeostasis (biosynthesis, degradation, compartmentalization,
transport, and redox turnover) and the roles of glutathione in cell
proliferation and environmental stress tolerance have provided new
insights for plant biologists to conduct research aimed at
deciphering the mechanisms associated with glutathione-mediated
plant growth and stress responses, as well as to develop
stress-tolerant crop plants. Glutathione has also been suggested to
be a potential regulator of epigenetic modifications, playing
important roles in the regulation of genes involved in the
responses of plants to changing environments. The dynamic
relationship between reduced glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen
species (ROS) has been well documented, and glutathione has been
shown to participate in several cell signaling and metabolic
processes, involving the synthesis of protein, the transport of
amino acids, DNA repair, the control of cell division, and
programmed cell death. Two genes, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase
(GSH1) and glutathione synthetase (GSH2), are involved in GSH
synthesis, and genetic manipulation of these genes can modulate
cellular glutathione levels. Any fluctuations in cellular GSH and
oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels have profound effects on plant
growth and development, as glutathione is associated with the
regulation of the cell cycle, redox signaling, enzymatic
activities, defense gene expression, systemic acquired resistance,
xenobiotic detoxification, and biological nitrogen fixation. Being
a major constituent of the glyoxalase system and
ascorbate-glutathione cycle, GSH helps to control multiple abiotic
and biotic stress signaling pathways through the regulation of ROS
and methylglyoxal (MG) levels. In addition, glutathione metabolism
has the potential to be genetically or biochemically manipulated to
develop stress-tolerant and nutritionally improved crop plants.
Although significant progress has been made in investigating the
multiple roles of glutathione in abiotic and biotic stress
tolerance, many aspects of glutathione-mediated stress responses
require additional research. The main objective of this volume is
to explore the diverse roles of glutathione in plants by providing
basic, comprehensive, and in-depth molecular information for
advanced students, scholars, teachers, and scientists interested in
or already engaged in research that involves glutathione. Finally,
this book will be a valuable resource for future
glutathione-related research and can be considered as a textbook
for graduate students and as a reference book for frontline
researchers working on glutathione metabolism in relation to plant
growth, development, stress responses, and stress tolerance.
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