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Philanthropy and Light - Carnegie Libraries and the Advent of Transatlantic Standards for Public Space (Hardcover, New Ed)
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Philanthropy and Light - Carnegie Libraries and the Advent of Transatlantic Standards for Public Space (Hardcover, New Ed)
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Walter Gropius associated standardisation with promoting
civilisation in 1935, yet Andrew Carnegie's influence on the
proliferation of pattern book public library plans internationally
predated these observations by 50 years. Through the first twenty
years of his programme, he supported the erection of almost three
thousand public buildings across Britain and America. Though better
acknowledged in the US than the UK, this philanthropic contribution
radically extended the scope of public provision and remains
incomparable in its scale and scope in both nations. Frequently
engraved with the self-deifying slogan Let there be Light , open
access to navigate these new interior public spaces after work
coincided with the first provision of electric light. Towards the
end of the nineteenth century, professional groups had sought to
specify minimum standards of natural light and air for schools and
hospitals. However, the commercial quantification of electricity
accelerated the development of a readily comparable vocabulary to
prescribe adequate quantities of light for all tasks regardless of
their location or orientation. Seeking to gauge the extent of
universal values, this book concentrates on the design and
performance of a handful of early Carnegie library buildings in
Britain and America, identifying their response to contemporary
design theory, but also by contrast to their respective local
environmental contexts. It examines whether their standards of
provision were equitable and if these privately financed public
buildings were the first roots of generically standardised public
environments to be shared transatlantically. The book also argues
that the public library building type can provide a datum for
acknowledging the twentieth century legacy of shared international
environmental standards for public spaces more broadly.
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