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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Cellular biology
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Paraoxonases in Inflammation, Infection, and Toxicology (Paperback, 2010 ed.)
Loot Price: R4,919
Discovery Miles 49 190
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Paraoxonases in Inflammation, Infection, and Toxicology (Paperback, 2010 ed.)
Series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 660
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Biomarkers are used in many aspects of health surveillance to
identify disease pr- ence, track disease progression, monitor drug
delivery or metabolism, or monitor chemical exposure. There is a
recognized need to expand and improve biomarker identi?cation and
quanti?cation. Exposures to the xenobiotic organophosphates (OPs)
range from low-level, chronic exposure during pesticide application
(e. g. , on farms, in residences, or in the workplace) to
high-dose, acute exposures incl- ing release of nerve agents or
toxic industrial OPs. OPs can have both rapid and chronic toxicity,
due to their action on speci?c esterases and lipases, most notably
acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and neuropathic target esterase (NTE).
In each of the above examples, a rapid and accurate assessment of
the OP to which the person was exposed, degree of exposure, and
time period of exposure will help direct therapy to the victim and
assess the level of threat to others. Traditionally, metabolites
for speci?c OPs can be measured in the urine after an exposure,
such as 3,5,6-trichloro- 2-pyridinol for chlorpyrifos (CPS).
However, there are several problems with this method. Usually, the
metabolite is excreted for only a short period of several days
after a signi?cant exposure. In addition, due to the widespread use
of CPS and en- ronmental persistence of its breakdown products, the
metabolites appear at a high background level in the general
population (Hill et al. 1995). Their appearance does not indicate
whether the individual was exposed to the harmful parent compound,
or the harmless breakdown product.
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