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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Life sciences: general issues > Neurosciences
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New Therapies to Prevent or Cure Auditory Disorders (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2020)
Loot Price: R2,862
Discovery Miles 28 620
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New Therapies to Prevent or Cure Auditory Disorders (Hardcover, 1st ed. 2020)
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Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in
humans, affecting 360 million persons worldwide. In parallel,
tinnitus disorder, the perception of a phantom sound often
described as a ringing or buzzing, affects around 10-15% of the
general population and interferes with daily life. Hyperacusis,
defined as a hypersensitivity to moderate-intensity sounds often
co-occurs with tinnitus suggesting a common mechanism of
dysfunction for these two perceptual disorders. Whereas some drug
candidates are in the process of being developed, nowadays no
effective treatment exists to cure hearing loss and tinnitus. The
topic of this book was selected with the goal of emphasizing
mechanisms that induce hearing loss and tinnitus which lead the
selection of promising targets for hearing disorder treatment. Hair
cells (HC) are the sensory cells of the inner ear required for both
auditory and vestibular functions in all vertebrates. HC are
progressively lost during ageing and they are in addition sensitive
to physical and acoustic traumas, infectious diseases and chemicals
present in commonly used treatments such as anticancer,
antimalarial or antibiotics. As adult mammals--including
humans--cannot regenerate dead HC, all the possible injury could
result in irreversible and permanent hearing loss. It has been
shown, however, that a limited capacity to regenerate HC exists in
mouse at an early stage of development. The regenerative capacity
of HC then appears simply "repressed" in adult mammals, and one
could expect it will be possible to re-activate it with an
appropriate therapeutic approach which is still to be defined.
Immune-mediated inner ear disease has been introduced and accepted
as one SNHL pathophysiology; it responds to immunosuppressive
therapy and is one of the few reversible forms of bilateral SNHL.
Macrophages are always present in the spiral ligament of the
lateral wall and are activated in response to various types of
stimuli, including noise exposure, ischemia, mitochondrial damage,
and surgical stress. Recent studies have also revealed another type
of immune cell, called perivascular melanocyte-like macrophages
(PVM/Ms), in the stria vascularis. The book will include a review
of inflammatory/immune cells in the cochlear lateral wall, the
pathways involved in cochlear damage and their potential as
therapeutic targets. The final chapter provides an overview of
current animal model of tinnitus and hyperacusis. Nowadays no
effective treatment exists to cure tinnitus and hyperacusis. One
major obstacle to arises from the fact that tinnitus is a
subjective phenomenon, the only possible diagnosis relies on
self-reports of the subjects. The main constraint of the use of
animal models is the subjective character of tinnitus. This chapter
describe the advancement in animal models which play an important
role in revealing the underlying mechanisms and treatment for
tinnitus and hyperacusis.
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