This new collection of essays on HIV viruses spans disciplines to
topple popular narratives about the origins of the AIDS pandemic
and the impact of the disease on public health policy. With a death
toll in the tens of millions, the AIDS pandemic was one of the
worst medical disasters of the past century. The disease was
identified in 1981, at the height of miraculous postwar medical
achievements, including effective antibiotics, breakthrough
advances in heart surgery and transplantations, and cheap, safe
vaccines--smallpox had been eradicated just a few years earlier.
Arriving as they did during this era of confidence in modern
medicine, the HIV epidemics shook the public's faith in health
science. Despite subsequent success in identifying, testing, and
treating AIDS, the emergence of epidemics and outbreaks of Ebola,
Zika, and the novel coronaviruses (SARS and COVID-19) are stark
reminders that such confidence in modern medicine is not likely to
be restored until the emergence of these viruses is better
understood. This collection combines the work of major social
science and humanities scholars with that of virologists and
epidemiologists to provide a broader understanding of the
historical, social, and cultural circumstances that produced the
pandemic. The authors argue that the emergence of the HIV viruses
and their epidemic spread were not the result of a random mutation
but rather broader new influences whose impact depended upon a
combination of specific circumstances at different places and
times. The viruses emerged and were transmitted according to
population movement and urbanization, changes in sexual relations,
new medical procedures, and war. In this way, the AIDS pandemic was
not a chance natural occurrence, but a human-made disaster. Essays
by: Ernest M. Drucker, Tamara Giles-Vernick, Ch. Didier Gondola,
Guillaume Lachenal, Amandine Lauro, Preston A. Marx, Stephanie
Rupp, Francois Simon, Jorge Varanda
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