Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Auszug aus einer ausfuhrlicheren noch ungedruckten Einfuhrung in die Mechanik materieller Punktsysteme und starrer Korper mit den Methoden der Grassmannschen Punktrechnung. Sie ist hervorgegangen aus der Uberzeugung, dass die Punktrechnung, welche in naturlichsterWeise samtliche Grundelemente des Raumes gleich massig der Rechnung unterwirft und deren Verknupfungen analytisch un mittelbar durch rechnerische Grundoperationen wiedergibt, auch in der Mechanik eine weitgehende Vereinfachung und Vereinheitlichung der Methoden und eine naturgemassere Darstellungsweise ermoglichen wird. Mogen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit weitere Kreise der Mathematiker und Physiker von der Richtigkeit dieser Auffassung uberzeugen. Stuttgart, im Fruhjahr 1921. A. Lotze. Inhalt. Seile Literatur . . . . . . . . . . . IV Benennungen und Bezeichnungen . . V Zerlegungsformeln . . . . . . . VI Einleitung: Kmematik des einzelnen Punkts 1 I. Kinematik des starren Korpers 2 1. Endliche Verruckung eines starren Korpers. 2 2. Kinematische Grundgleichung des starren Korpers 4 3. Grundlegende Satze uber Grossen 2. Stufe . . . . 5 4. Ebel)e Bewegung. Euler-Savarysche Gleichung 7 5. Beschleuni ungszustand des bewegten starren Korpers 10 6. Beschleumgung der Relativbewegung . . ., . . 12 11. Allgemeine Dynamik materieller Punktsysteme . 14 1. Die Bewegungsgleichungen . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2. Momente des Impulses J und der Dyname D. . . . . 15 3. Invarianten der Bewegung eines "vollstandigen" Systems 16 4. Potential. Energiesatz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5. Das Zweikorperproblem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1S 6. Das Prinzip von d'Alembert. Lagranges Gleichungen 1. Art. 20 7. Das Gausssehe Prinzip. . . . . 21 8. Hamiltons Prinzip . 22 9. Lagranges Gleichungen 2. Art 23 III. Dynamik des starren Korpers 25 1. Die dynamische Grundgleichung des freien starren Korpers . 25 2. Wucht und Arbeit am starren Korper 26 3. Tragheitsmomente . . ."

Modular forms are tremendously important in various areas of mathematics, from number theory and algebraic geometry to combinatorics and lattices. Their Fourier coefficients, with Ramanujan's tau-function as a typical example, have deep arithmetic significance. Prior to this book, the fastest known algorithms for computing these Fourier coefficients took exponential time, except in some special cases. The case of elliptic curves (Schoof's algorithm) was at the birth of elliptic curve cryptography around 1985. This book gives an algorithm for computing coefficients of modular forms of level one in polynomial time. For example, Ramanujan's tau of a prime number p can be computed in time bounded by a fixed power of the logarithm of p. Such fast computation of Fourier coefficients is itself based on the main result of the book: the computation, in polynomial time, of Galois representations over finite fields attached to modular forms by the Langlands program. Because these Galois representations typically have a nonsolvable image, this result is a major step forward from explicit class field theory, and it could be described as the start of the explicit Langlands program.

The computation of the Galois representations uses their realization, following Shimura and Deligne, in the torsion subgroup of Jacobian varieties of modular curves. The main challenge is then to perform the necessary computations in time polynomial in the dimension of these highly nonlinear algebraic varieties. Exact computations involving systems of polynomial equations in many variables take exponential time. This is avoided by numerical approximations with a precision that suffices to derive exact results from them. Bounds for the required precision--in other words, bounds for the height of the rational numbers that describe the Galois representation to be computed--are obtained from Arakelov theory. Two types of approximations are treated: one using complex uniformization and another one using geometry over finite fields.

The book begins with a concise and concrete introduction that makes its accessible to readers without an extensive background in arithmetic geometry. And the book includes a chapter that describes actual computations.

In the study of the structure of substances in recent decades, phenomena in the higher dimension was discovered that was previously unknown. These include spontaneous zooming (scaling processes), discovery of crystals with the absence of translational symmetry in three-dimensional space, detection of the fractal nature of matter, hierarchical filling of space with polytopes of higher dimension, and the highest dimension of most molecules of chemical compounds. This forces research to expand the formulation of the question of constructing n-dimensional spaces, posed by David Hilbert in 1900, and to abandon the methods of considering the construction of spaces by geometric figures that do not take into account the accumulated discoveries in the physics of the structure of substances. There is a need for research that accounts for the new paradigm of the discrete world and provides a solution to Hilbert's 18th problem of constructing spaces of higher dimension using congruent figures. Normal Partitions and Hierarchical Fillings of N-Dimensional Spaces aims to consider the construction of spaces of various dimensions from two to any finite dimension n, taking into account the indicated conditions, including zooming in on shapes, properties of geometric figures of higher dimensions, which have no analogue in three-dimensional space. This book considers the conditions of existence of polytopes of higher dimension, clusters of chemical compounds as polytopes of the highest dimension, higher dimensions in the theory of heredity, the geometric structure of the product of polytopes, the products of polytopes on clusters and molecules, parallelohedron and stereohedron of Delaunay, parallelohedron of higher dimension and partition of n-dimensional spaces, hierarchical filling of n-dimensional spaces, joint normal partitions, and hierarchical fillings of n-dimensional spaces. In addition, it pays considerable attention to biological problems. This book is a valuable reference tool for practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in learning more about the latest research on normal partitions and hierarchical fillings of n-dimensional spaces.

A comprehensive, self-contained treatment presenting general results of the theory. Establishes a geometric intuition and a working facility with specific geometric practices. Emphasizes applications through the study of interesting examples and the development of computational tools. Coverage ranges from analytic to geometric. Treats basic techniques and results of complex manifold theory, focusing on results applicable to projective varieties, and includes discussion of the theory of Riemann surfaces and algebraic curves, algebraic surfaces and the quadric line complex as well as special topics in complex manifolds.

This textbook provides a gentle introduction to intersection homology and perverse sheaves, where concrete examples and geometric applications motivate concepts throughout. By giving a taste of the main ideas in the field, the author welcomes new readers to this exciting area at the crossroads of topology, algebraic geometry, analysis, and differential equations. Those looking to delve further into the abstract theory will find ample references to facilitate navigation of both classic and recent literature. Beginning with an introduction to intersection homology from a geometric and topological viewpoint, the text goes on to develop the sheaf-theoretical perspective. Then algebraic geometry comes to the fore: a brief discussion of constructibility opens onto an in-depth exploration of perverse sheaves. Highlights from the following chapters include a detailed account of the proof of the Beilinson-Bernstein-Deligne-Gabber (BBDG) decomposition theorem, applications of perverse sheaves to hypersurface singularities, and a discussion of Hodge-theoretic aspects of intersection homology via Saito's deep theory of mixed Hodge modules. An epilogue offers a succinct summary of the literature surrounding some recent applications. Intersection Homology & Perverse Sheaves is suitable for graduate students with a basic background in topology and algebraic geometry. By building context and familiarity with examples, the text offers an ideal starting point for those entering the field. This classroom-tested approach opens the door to further study and to current research.

The theory of complex dynamics in one variable, initiated by Fatou and Julia in the early twentieth century, concerns the iteration of a rational function acting on the Riemann sphere. Building on foundational investigations of $p$-adic dynamics in the late twentieth century, dynamics in one non-archimedean variable is the analogous theory over non-archimedean fields rather than over the complex numbers. It is also an essential component of the number-theoretic study of arithmetic dynamics. This textbook presents the fundamentals of non-archimedean dynamics, including a unified exposition of Rivera-Letelier's classification theorem, as well as results on wandering domains, repelling periodic points, and equilibrium measures. The Berkovich projective line, which is the appropriate setting for the associated Fatou and Julia sets, is developed from the ground up, as are relevant results in non-archimedean analysis. The presentation is accessible to graduate students with only first-year courses in algebra and analysis under their belts, although some previous exposure to non-archimedean fields, such as the $p$-adic numbers, is recommended. The book should also be a useful reference for more advanced students and researchers in arithmetic and non-archimedean dynamics.

The description for this book, Ramification Theoretic Methods in Algebraic Geometry (AM-43), will be forthcoming.

This book starts with simple arithmetic inequalities and builds to sophisticated inequality results such as the Cauchy-Schwarz and Chebyshev inequalities. Nothing beyond high school algebra is required of the student. The exposition is lean. Most of the learning occurs as the student engages in the problems posed in each chapter. And the learning is not "linear". The central topic of inequalities is linked to others in mathematics. Often these topics relate to much more than algebraic inequalities. There are also "secret" pathways through the book. Each chapter has a subtext, a theme which prepares the student for learning other mathematical topics, concepts, or habits of mind. For example, the early chapters on the arithmetic mean/geometric mean inequality show how very simple observations can be leveraged to yield useful and interesting results. Later chapters give examples of how one can generalize a mathematical statement. The chapter on the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality provides an introduction to vectors as mathematical objects. And there are many other secret pathways that the authors hope the reader will discover-and follow. In the interest of fostering a greater awareness and appreciation of mathematics and its connections to other disciplines and everyday life, MSRI and the AMS are publishing books in the Mathematical Circles Library series as a service to young people, their parents and teachers, and the mathematics profession.