This volume is based on lectures delivered at the 2019 AMS Short Course ""Sum of Squares: Theory and Applications'', held January 14-15, 2019, in Baltimore, Maryland. This book provides a concise state-of-the-art overview of the theory and applications of polynomials that are sums of squares. This is an exciting and timely topic, with rich connections to many areas of mathematics, including polynomial and semidefinite optimization, real and convex algebraic geometry, and theoretical computer science. The six chapters introduce and survey recent developments in this area; specific topics include the algebraic and geometric aspects of sums of squares and spectrahedra, lifted representations of convex sets, and the algorithmic and computational implications of viewing sums of squares as a meta algorithm. The book also showcases practical applications of the techniques across a variety of areas, including control theory, statistics, finance and machine learning.

In the study of the structure of substances in recent decades, phenomena in the higher dimension was discovered that was previously unknown. These include spontaneous zooming (scaling processes), discovery of crystals with the absence of translational symmetry in three-dimensional space, detection of the fractal nature of matter, hierarchical filling of space with polytopes of higher dimension, and the highest dimension of most molecules of chemical compounds. This forces research to expand the formulation of the question of constructing n-dimensional spaces, posed by David Hilbert in 1900, and to abandon the methods of considering the construction of spaces by geometric figures that do not take into account the accumulated discoveries in the physics of the structure of substances. There is a need for research that accounts for the new paradigm of the discrete world and provides a solution to Hilbert's 18th problem of constructing spaces of higher dimension using congruent figures. Normal Partitions and Hierarchical Fillings of N-Dimensional Spaces aims to consider the construction of spaces of various dimensions from two to any finite dimension n, taking into account the indicated conditions, including zooming in on shapes, properties of geometric figures of higher dimensions, which have no analogue in three-dimensional space. This book considers the conditions of existence of polytopes of higher dimension, clusters of chemical compounds as polytopes of the highest dimension, higher dimensions in the theory of heredity, the geometric structure of the product of polytopes, the products of polytopes on clusters and molecules, parallelohedron and stereohedron of Delaunay, parallelohedron of higher dimension and partition of n-dimensional spaces, hierarchical filling of n-dimensional spaces, joint normal partitions, and hierarchical fillings of n-dimensional spaces. In addition, it pays considerable attention to biological problems. This book is a valuable reference tool for practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in learning more about the latest research on normal partitions and hierarchical fillings of n-dimensional spaces.

The notion of stability for algebraic vector bundles on curves was originally introduced by Mumford, and moduli spaces of semi-stable vector bundles were studied intensively by Indian mathematicians. The notion of stability for algebraic sheaves was generalized to higher dimensional varieties. The study of moduli spaces of algebraic sheaves not only on curves but also on higher dimensional algebraic varieties has attracted much interest for decades and its importance has been increasing not only in algebraic geometry but also in related fields as differential geometry, mathematical physics.Masaki Maruyama is one of the pioneers in the theory of algebraic vector bundles on higher dimensional algebraic varieties. This book is a posthumous publication of his manuscript. It starts with basic concepts such as stability of sheaves, Harder-Narasimhan filtration and generalities on boundedness of sheaves. It then presents fundamental theorems on semi-stable sheaves: restriction theorems of semi-stable sheaves, boundedness of semi-stable sheaves, tensor products of semi-stable sheaves. Finally, after constructing quote-schemes, it explains the construction of the moduli space of semi-stable sheaves. The theorems are stated in a general setting and the proofs are rigorous.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets

This new textbook is based upon the notes that accompany the author's graduate course "Algebraic Geometry I" at Tsinghua University. Much of commutative algebra owes its existence to algebraic geometry and vice versa, and this is why there is no clear border between the two. In learning algebraic geometry, you not only learn more commutative algebra, but also develop a geometrical way of thinking about it.

This comprehensive account of the Gross-Zagier formula on Shimura curves over totally real fields relates the heights of Heegner points on abelian varieties to the derivatives of L-series. The formula will have new applications for the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture and Diophantine equations.

The book begins with a conceptual formulation of the Gross-Zagier formula in terms of incoherent quaternion algebras and incoherent automorphic representations with rational coefficients attached naturally to abelian varieties parametrized by Shimura curves. This is followed by a complete proof of its coherent analogue: the Waldspurger formula, which relates the periods of integrals and the special values of L-series by means of Weil representations. The Gross-Zagier formula is then reformulated in terms of incoherent Weil representations and Kudla's generating series. Using Arakelov theory and the modularity of Kudla's generating series, the proof of the Gross-Zagier formula is reduced to local formulas.

"The Gross-Zagier Formula on Shimura Curves" will be of great use to students wishing to enter this area and to those already working in it.

The fifteen articles composing this volume focus on recent developments in complex analysis. Written by well-known researchers in complex analysis and related fields, they cover a wide spectrum of research using the methods of partial differential equations as well as differential and algebraic geometry. The topics include invariants of manifolds, the complex Neumann problem, complex dynamics, Ricci flows, the Abel-Radon transforms, the action of the Ricci curvature operator, locally symmetric manifolds, the maximum principle, very ampleness criterion, integrability of elliptic systems, and contact geometry. Among the contributions are survey articles, which are especially suitable for readers looking for a comprehensive, well-presented introduction to the most recent important developments in the field.

The contributors are R. Bott, M. Christ, J. P. D'Angelo, P. Eyssidieux, C. Fefferman, J. E. Fornaess, H. Grauert, R. S. Hamilton, G. M. Henkin, N. Mok, A. M. Nadel, L. Nirenberg, N. Sibony, Y.-T. Siu, F. Treves, and S. M. Webster.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Die vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Auszug aus einer ausfuhrlicheren noch ungedruckten Einfuhrung in die Mechanik materieller Punktsysteme und starrer Korper mit den Methoden der Grassmannschen Punktrechnung. Sie ist hervorgegangen aus der Uberzeugung, dass die Punktrechnung, welche in naturlichsterWeise samtliche Grundelemente des Raumes gleich massig der Rechnung unterwirft und deren Verknupfungen analytisch un mittelbar durch rechnerische Grundoperationen wiedergibt, auch in der Mechanik eine weitgehende Vereinfachung und Vereinheitlichung der Methoden und eine naturgemassere Darstellungsweise ermoglichen wird. Mogen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit weitere Kreise der Mathematiker und Physiker von der Richtigkeit dieser Auffassung uberzeugen. Stuttgart, im Fruhjahr 1921. A. Lotze. Inhalt. Seile Literatur . . . . . . . . . . . IV Benennungen und Bezeichnungen . . V Zerlegungsformeln . . . . . . . VI Einleitung: Kmematik des einzelnen Punkts 1 I. Kinematik des starren Korpers 2 1. Endliche Verruckung eines starren Korpers. 2 2. Kinematische Grundgleichung des starren Korpers 4 3. Grundlegende Satze uber Grossen 2. Stufe . . . . 5 4. Ebel)e Bewegung. Euler-Savarysche Gleichung 7 5. Beschleuni ungszustand des bewegten starren Korpers 10 6. Beschleumgung der Relativbewegung . . ., . . 12 11. Allgemeine Dynamik materieller Punktsysteme . 14 1. Die Bewegungsgleichungen . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2. Momente des Impulses J und der Dyname D. . . . . 15 3. Invarianten der Bewegung eines "vollstandigen" Systems 16 4. Potential. Energiesatz. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5. Das Zweikorperproblem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1S 6. Das Prinzip von d'Alembert. Lagranges Gleichungen 1. Art. 20 7. Das Gausssehe Prinzip. . . . . 21 8. Hamiltons Prinzip . 22 9. Lagranges Gleichungen 2. Art 23 III. Dynamik des starren Korpers 25 1. Die dynamische Grundgleichung des freien starren Korpers . 25 2. Wucht und Arbeit am starren Korper 26 3. Tragheitsmomente . . ."

Linear Algebra: Concepts and Applications is designed to be used in a first linear algebra course taken by mathematics and science majors. It provides a complete coverage of core linear algebra topics, including vectors and matrices, systems of linear equations, general vector spaces, linear transformations, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors. All results are carefully, clearly, and rigorously proven. The exposition is very accessible. The applications of linear algebra are extensive and substantial-several of those recur throughout the text in different contexts, including many that elucidate concepts from multivariable calculus. Unusual features of the text include a pervasive emphasis on the geometric interpretation and viewpoint as well as a very complete treatment of the singular value decomposition. The book includes over 800 exercises and numerous references to the author's custom software Linear Algebra Toolkit.

This largely self-contained book on the theory of quantum information focuses on precise mathematical formulations and proofs of fundamental facts that form the foundation of the subject. It is intended for graduate students and researchers in mathematics, computer science, and theoretical physics seeking to develop a thorough understanding of key results, proof techniques, and methodologies that are relevant to a wide range of research topics within the theory of quantum information and computation. The book is accessible to readers with an understanding of basic mathematics, including linear algebra, mathematical analysis, and probability theory. An introductory chapter summarizes these necessary mathematical prerequisites, and starting from this foundation, the book includes clear and complete proofs of all results it presents. Each subsequent chapter includes challenging exercises intended to help readers to develop their own skills for discovering proofs concerning the theory of quantum information.