This two-part EMS volume provides a succinct summary of complex algebraic geometry, coupled with a lucid introduction to the recent work on the interactions between the classical area of the geometry of complex algebraic curves and their Jacobian varieties. An excellent companion to the older classics on the subject.

The first contribution by Carter covers the theory of finite groups of Lie type, an important field of current mathematical research. In the second part, Platonov and Yanchevskii survey the structure of finite-dimensional division algebras, including an account of reduced K-theory.

The algorithmic solution of problems has always been one of the major concerns of mathematics. For a long time such solutions were based on an intuitive notion of algorithm. It is only in this century that metamathematical problems have led to the intensive search for a precise and sufficiently general formalization of the notions of computability and algorithm. In the 1930s, a number of quite different concepts for this purpose were pro posed, such as Turing machines, WHILE-programs, recursive functions, Markov algorithms, and Thue systems. All these concepts turned out to be equivalent, a fact summarized in Church's thesis, which says that the resulting definitions form an adequate formalization of the intuitive notion of computability. This had and continues to have an enormous effect. First of all, with these notions it has been possible to prove that various problems are algorithmically unsolvable. Among of group these undecidable problems are the halting problem, the word problem theory, the Post correspondence problem, and Hilbert's tenth problem. Secondly, concepts like Turing machines and WHILE-programs had a strong influence on the development of the first computers and programming languages. In the era of digital computers, the question of finding efficient solutions to algorithmically solvable problems has become increasingly important. In addition, the fact that some problems can be solved very efficiently, while others seem to defy all attempts to find an efficient solution, has called for a deeper under standing of the intrinsic computational difficulty of problems."

This EMS volume provides an exposition of the structure theory of Fano varieties, i.e. algebraic varieties with an ample anticanonical divisor. This book will be very useful as a reference and research guide for researchers and graduate students in algebraic geometry.

This book is an introduction to two higher-categorical topics in algebraic topology and algebraic geometry relying on simplicial methods. It is based on lectures - livered at the Centre de Recerca Matem ati ca in February 2008, as part of a special year on Homotopy Theory and Higher Categories. Ieke Moerdijk's lectures constitute an introduction to the theory ofdendroidal sets, an extension of the theory of simplicial sets designed as a foundation for the homotopy theory of operads. The theory has many features analogous to the theory of simplicial sets, but it also reveals many new phenomena, thanks to the presence of automorphisms of trees. Dendroidal sets admit a closed symmetric monoidal structure related to the Boardman{Vogt tensor product. The lecture notes develop the theory very carefully, starting from scratch with the combinatorics of trees, and culminating with a model structure on the category of dendroidal sets for which the brant objects are the inner Kan dendroidal sets. The important concepts are illustrated with detailed examples.

This is a description of the underlying principles of algebraic geometry, some of its important developments in the twentieth century, and some of the problems that occupy its practitioners today. It is intended for the working or the aspiring mathematician who is unfamiliar with algebraic geometry but wishes to gain an appreciation of its foundations and its goals with a minimum of prerequisites. Few algebraic prerequisites are presumed beyond a basic course in linear algebra.

The theory of elliptic curves is distinguished by its long history and by the diversity of the methods that have been used in its study. This book treats the arithmetic approach in its modern formulation, through the use of basic algebraic number theory and algebraic geometry. Following a brief discussion of the necessary algebro-geometric results, the book proceeds with an exposition of the geometry and the formal group of elliptic curves, elliptic curves over finite fields, the complex numbers, local fields, and global fields. Final chapters deal with integral and rational points, including Siegels theorem and explicit computations for the curve Y = X + DX, while three appendices conclude the whole: Elliptic Curves in Characteristics 2 and 3, Group Cohomology, and an overview of more advanced topics.

The biennial meetings at Sao Carlos have helped create a worldwide community of experts and young researchers working on singularity theory, with a special focus on applications to a wide variety of topics in both pure and applied mathematics. The tenth meeting, celebrating the 60th birthdays of Terence Gaffney and Maria Aparecida Soares Ruas, was a special occasion attracting the best known names in the area. This volume contains contributions by the attendees, including three articles written or co-authored by Gaffney himself, and survey articles on the existence of Milnor fibrations, global classifications and graphs, pairs of foliations on surfaces, and Gaffney's work on equisingularity.

This book is the result of a 25-year-old project and comprises a collection of more than 500 attractive open problems in the field. The largely self-contained chapters provide a broad overview of discrete geometry, along with historical details and the most important partial results related to these problems. This book is intended as a source book for both professional mathematicians and graduate students who love beautiful mathematical questions, are willing to spend sleepless nights thinking about them, and who would like to get involved in mathematical research.

It is now more than five years since the Belgian block cipher Rijndael was chosen as the Advanced Encryption Standard {AES). Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmcn used algebraic techniques to provide an unparalleled level of assurance against many standard statistical cryptanalytic tech- niques. The cipher is a fitting tribute to their distinctive approach to cipher design. Since the publication of the AES, however, the very same algebraic structures have been the subject of increasing cryptanalytic attention and this monograph has been written to summarise current research. We hope that this work will be of interest to both cryptogra- phers and algebraists and will stimulate future research. During the writing of this monograph we have found reasons to thank many people. We are especially grateful to the British Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) for their funding of the research project Security Analysis of the Advanced Encryption System (Grant GR/S42637), and to Susan Lagerstrom-Fifc and Sharon Palleschi at Springer. Wo would also hke to thank Glaus Diem, Maura Paterson, and Ludovic Perret for their valuable comments. Finally, the support of our families at home and our colleagues at work has been invaluable and particularly appreciated.

This book gives an account of theoretical and algorithmic developments on the integral closure of algebraic structures. It gives a comprehensive treatment of Rees algebras and multiplicity theory while pointing to applications in many other problem areas. Its main goal is to provide complexity estimates by tracking numerically invariants of the structures that may occur.

This edition has been called startlingly up-to-date, and in this corrected second printing you can be sure that it 's even more contemporaneous. It surveys from a unified point of view both the modern state and the trends of continuing development in various branches of number theory. Illuminated by elementary problems, the central ideas of modern theories are laid bare. Some topics covered include non-Abelian generalizations of class field theory, recursive computability and Diophantine equations, zeta- and L-functions. This substantially revised and expanded new edition contains several new sections, such as Wiles' proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, and relevant techniques coming from a synthesis of various theories.

This collection of surveys present an overview of recent developments in Complex Geometry. Topics range from curve and surface theory through special varieties in higher dimensions, moduli theory, K hler geometry, and group actions to Hodge theory and characteristic p-geometry.

Written by established experts this book will be a must for mathematicians working in Complex Geometry

The first survey of its kind, written by internationally known, outstanding experts who developed substantial parts of the field. The book contains an introduction written by Remmert, describing the history of the subject, and is very useful to graduate students and researchers in complex analysis, algebraic geometry and differential geometry.

Absolute values and their completions -like the p-adic number fields- play an important role in number theory. Krull's generalization of absolute values to valuations made applications in other branches of mathematics, such as algebraic geometry, possible. In valuation theory, the notion of a completion has to be replaced by that of the so-called Henselization.

In this book, the theory of valuations as well as of Henselizations is developed. The presentation is based on the knowledge acquired in a standard graduate course in algebra. The last chapter presents three applications of the general theory -for instance to Artin's Conjecture on the p-adic number fields- that could not be obtained by the use of absolute values alone.

Approximate Commutative Algebra is an emerging field of research which endeavours to bridge the gap between traditional exact Computational Commutative Algebra and approximate numerical computation. The last 50 years have seen enormous progress in the realm of exact Computational Commutative Algebra, and given the importance of polynomials in scientific modelling, it is very natural to want to extend these ideas to handle approximate, empirical data deriving from physical measurements of phenomena in the real world. In this volume nine contributions from established researchers describe various approaches to tackling a variety of problems arising in Approximate Commutative Algebra.

The main goal of the CIME Summer School on "Algebraic Cycles and Hodge Theory" has been to gather the most active mathematicians in this area to make the point on the present state of the art. Thus the papers included in the proceedings are surveys and notes on the most important topics of this area of research. They include infinitesimal methods in Hodge theory; algebraic cycles and algebraic aspects of cohomology and k-theory, transcendental methods in the study of algebraic cycles.

Can artificial intelligence learn mathematics? The question is at the heart of this original monograph bringing together theoretical physics, modern geometry, and data science. The study of Calabi-Yau manifolds lies at an exciting intersection between physics and mathematics. Recently, there has been much activity in applying machine learning to solve otherwise intractable problems, to conjecture new formulae, or to understand the underlying structure of mathematics. In this book, insights from string and quantum field theory are combined with powerful techniques from complex and algebraic geometry, then translated into algorithms with the ultimate aim of deriving new information about Calabi-Yau manifolds. While the motivation comes from mathematical physics, the techniques are purely mathematical and the theme is that of explicit calculations. The reader is guided through the theory and provided with explicit computer code in standard software such as SageMath, Python and Mathematica to gain hands-on experience in applications of artificial intelligence to geometry. Driven by data and written in an informal style, The Calabi-Yau Landscape makes cutting-edge topics in mathematical physics, geometry and machine learning readily accessible to graduate students and beyond. The overriding ambition is to introduce some modern mathematics to the physicist, some modern physics to the mathematician, and machine learning to both.

"The book is largely self-contained...There is a nice introduction to symplectic geometry and a charming exposition of equivariant K-theory. Both are enlivened by examples related to groups...An attractive feature is the attempt to convey some informal wisdom rather than only the precise definitions. As a number of results are] due to the authors, one finds some of the original excitement. This is the only available introduction to geometric representation theory...it has already proved successful in introducing a new generation to the subject." (Bulletin of the AMS)

Sure to be influential, this book lays the foundations for the use of algebraic geometry in statistical learning theory. Many widely used statistical models and learning machines applied to information science have a parameter space that is singular: mixture models, neural networks, HMMs, Bayesian networks, and stochastic context-free grammars are major examples. Algebraic geometry and singularity theory provide the necessary tools for studying such non-smooth models. Four main formulas are established: 1. the log likelihood function can be given a common standard form using resolution of singularities, even applied to more complex models; 2. the asymptotic behaviour of the marginal likelihood or 'the evidence' is derived based on zeta function theory; 3. new methods are derived to estimate the generalization errors in Bayes and Gibbs estimations from training errors; 4. the generalization errors of maximum likelihood and a posteriori methods are clarified by empirical process theory on algebraic varieties.

This is a book of problems in abstract algebra for strong undergraduates or beginning graduate students. It can be used as a supplement to a course or for self-study. The book provides more variety and more challenging problems than are found in most algebra textbooks. It is intended for students wanting to enrich their learning of mathematics by tackling problems that take some thought and effort to solve. The book contains problems on groups (including the Sylow Theorems, solvable groups, presentation of groups by generators and relations, and structure and duality for finite abelian groups); rings (including basic ideal theory and factorization in integral domains and Gauss's Theorem); linear algebra (emphasizing linear transformations, including canonical forms); and fields (including Galois theory). Hints to many problems are also included.

In this introduction to commutative algebra, the author choses a route that leads the reader through the essential ideas, without getting embroiled in technicalities. He takes the reader quickly to the fundamentals of complex projective geometry, requiring only a basic knowledge of linear and multilinear algebra and some elementary group theory. The author divides the book into three parts. In the first, he develops the general theory of noetherian rings and modules. He includes a certain amount of homological algebra, and he emphasizes rings and modules of fractions as preparation for working with sheaves. In the second part, he discusses polynomial rings in several variables with coefficients in the field of complex numbers. After Noether's normalization lemma and Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, the author introduces affine complex schemes and their morphisms; he then proves Zariski's main theorem and Chevalley's semi-continuity theorem. Finally, the author's detailed study of Weil and Cartier divisors provides a solid background for modern intersection theory. This is an excellent textbook for those who seek an efficient and rapid introduction to the geometric applications of commutative algebra.

The aim of this monograph is to give an overview of various classes of in?ni- dimensional Lie groups and their applications, mostly in Hamiltonian - chanics, ?uid dynamics, integrable systems, and complex geometry. We have chosen to present the unifying ideas of the theory by concentrating on speci?c typesandexamplesofin?nite-dimensionalLiegroups. Ofcourse, theselection of the topics is largely in?uenced by the taste of the authors, but we hope thatthisselectioniswideenoughtodescribevariousphenomenaarisinginthe geometry of in?nite-dimensional Lie groups and to convince the reader that they are appealing objects to study from both purely mathematical and more applied points of view. This book can be thought of as complementary to the existing more algebraic treatments, in particular, those covering the str- ture and representation theory of in?nite-dimensional Lie algebras, as well as to more analytic ones developing calculus on in?nite-dimensional manifolds. This monograph originated from advanced graduate courses and mi- courses on in?nite-dimensional groups and gauge theory given by the ?rst author at the University of Toronto, at the CIRM in Marseille, and at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris in 2001-2004. It is based on various classical and recentresultsthathaveshapedthisnewlyemergedpartofin?nite-dimensional geometry and group theory. Our intention was to make the book concise, relatively self-contained, and useful in a graduate course. For this reason, throughout the text, we have included a large number of problems, ranging from simple exercises to open questions

The first edition of this book presented the theory of linear algebraic groups over an algebraically closed field. The second edition, thoroughly revised and expanded, extends the theory over arbitrary fields, which are not necessarily algebraically closed. It thus represents a higher aim. As in the first edition, the book includes a self-contained treatment of the prerequisites from algebraic geometry and commutative algebra, as well as basic results on reductive groups. As a result, the first part of the book can well serve as a text for an introductory graduate course on linear algebraic groups.

This book links two subjects: algebraic geometry and coding theory. It uses a novel approach based on the theory of algebraic function fields. Coverage includes the Riemann-Rock theorem, zeta functions and Hasse-Weil's theorem as well as Goppa' s algebraic-geometric codes and other traditional codes. It will be useful to researchers in algebraic geometry and coding theory and computer scientists and engineers in information transmission.