A fractal drum is a bounded open subset of R. m with a fractal boundary. A difficult problem is to describe the relationship between the shape (geo- metry) of the drum and its sound (its spectrum). In this book, we restrict ourselves to the one-dimensional case of fractal strings, and their higher dimensional analogues, fractal sprays. We develop a theory of complex di- mensions of a fractal string, and we study how these complex dimensions relate the geometry with the spectrum of the fractal string. We refer the reader to [Berrl-2, Lapl-4, LapPol-3, LapMal-2, HeLapl-2] and the ref- erences therein for further physical and mathematical motivations of this work. (Also see, in particular, Sections 7. 1, 10. 3 and 10. 4, along with Ap- pendix B. ) In Chapter 1, we introduce the basic object of our research, fractal strings (see [Lapl-3, LapPol-3, LapMal-2, HeLapl-2]). A 'standard fractal string' is a bounded open subset of the real line. Such a set is a disjoint union of open intervals, the lengths of which form a sequence which we assume to be infinite. Important information about the geometry of . c is contained in its geometric zeta function (c(8) = L lj. j=l 2 Introduction We assume throughout that this function has a suitable meromorphic ex- tension. The central notion of this book, the complex dimensions of a fractal string . c, is defined as the poles of the meromorphic extension of (c.

In a detailed and comprehensive introduction to the theory of plane algebraic curves, the authors examine this classical area of mathematics that both figured prominently in ancient Greek studies and remains a source of inspiration and atopic of research to this day. Arising from notes for a course given at the University of Bonn in Germany, "Plane Algebraic Curves" reflects the authors concern for the student audience through its emphasis on motivation, development of imagination, and understanding of basic ideas. As classical objects, curves may be viewed from many angles. This text also provides a foundation for the comprehension and exploration of modern work on singularities.

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In the first chapter one finds many special curves with very attractive geometric presentations the wealth of illustrations is a distinctive characteristic of this book and an introduction to projective geometry (over the complex numbers). In the second chapter one finds a very simple proof of Bezout's theorem and a detailed discussion of cubics. The heart of this book and how else could it be with the first author is the chapter on the resolution of singularities (always over the complex numbers). (...) Especially remarkable is the outlook to further work on the topics discussed, with numerous references to the literature. Many examples round off this successful representation of a classical and yet still very much alive subject.

(Mathematical Reviews)"

Schon vor fUnf J ahren hatte ich mit meinem inzwischen verstorbenen Freunde FABIO CONFORTO (1909-1954) vereinbart, eine deutsche Be- arbeitung seiner Vorlesungen uber ABELsche Funktionen *), die er im Studienjahr 1940/41 in Rom gehalten hat, herauszugeben. Da aber eine grundliche Oberarbeitung des aus dem Jahre 1942 stammenden Textes notwendig erschien, die CONFORTO selbst besorgen wollte**), wurde die Verwirklichung dieses Planes zunachst noch hinausgeschoben. Aber bald nach dem AbschluB des Vertrages mit dem Verleger wurde CONFORTO von einer unerbittlichen Krankheit befallen, die ihn innerhalb J ahresfrist zwang, die Feder fUr immer aus der Hand zu legen, noch beY r er mit diesem Werk hatte beginnen k6nnen. So blieb mir dessen Gestaltung und Vollendung als Vermachtnis zuruck, das ich im Sinne und Geiste meines verstorbenen Freundes bestens durchzufUhren be- strebt war, urn so mehr, als ich damit hoffen durfte, eine wirkliche Lucke auszufUllen und den heute Lebenden eines der reizvollsten Gebiete der klassischen Mathematik naherzubringen, das seit dem Aussterben der alten Mathematikergeneration, zu der auch noch mein verehrter Lehrer W. WIRTINGER geh6rt hatte, beinahe vergessen worden ist. Dabei war ich glucklich, in A. ANDREOTTI und M. ROSATI zwei aus- gezeichnete Mitarbeiter zu finden, die als ehemalige Schuler CONFORTOs sehr gut mit seinen Absichten und Planen vertraut waren und so ent- scheidend zuJ? Gelingen des Werkes beigetragen haben. Aus den letzten Jahren lag auch noch eine vervielfaltigte Vorlesung***) CONFORTOs vor, deren erstes Kapitel in das vorliegende Buch hineinverarbeitet werden konnte.

I. Bucur: L'anneau de Chow d'une variete algebrique.- E. Eckmann: Cohomologie et classes caracteristiques.- C. Teleman: Sur le caractere de Chern d'un fibre vectoriel complexe differentiable.- E. Thomas: Characteristic classes and differentiable manifolds.- A. Van de Ven: Chern classes and complex manifolds."

For every mathematician, ring theory and K-theory are intimately connected: al- braic K-theory is largely the K-theory of rings. At ?rst sight, polytopes, by their very nature, must appear alien to surveyors of this heartland of algebra. But in the presence of a discrete structure, polytopes de?ne a?ne monoids, and, in their turn, a?ne monoids give rise to monoid algebras. Teir spectra are the building blocks of toric varieties, an area that has developed rapidly in the last four decades. From a purely systematic viewpoint, "monoids" should therefore replace "po- topes" in the title of the book. However, such a change would conceal the geometric ?avor that we have tried to preserve through all chapters. Before delving into a description of the contents we would like to mention three general features of the book: (?) the exhibiting of interactions of convex geometry, ring theory, and K-theory is not the only goal; we present some of the central results in each of these ?elds; (?) the exposition is of constructive (i. e., algorithmic) nature at many places throughout the text-there is no doubt that one of the driving forces behind the current popularity of combinatorial geometry is the quest for visualization and computation; (? ) despite the large amount of information from various ?elds, we have strived to keep the polytopal perspective as the major organizational principle.

In spite of some recent applications of ultraproducts in algebra, they remain largely unknown to commutative algebraists, in part because they do not preserve basic properties such as Noetherianity. This work wants to make a strong case against these prejudices. More precisely, it studies ultraproducts of Noetherian local rings from a purely algebraic perspective, as well as how they can be used to transfer results between the positive and zero characteristics, to derive uniform bounds, to define tight closure in characteristic zero, and to prove asymptotic versions of homological conjectures in mixed characteristic. Some of these results are obtained using variants called chromatic products, which are often even Noetherian. This book, neither assuming nor using any logical formalism, is intended for algebraists and geometers, in the hope of popularizing ultraproducts and their applications in algebra.

Hilbert Functions play major roles in Algebraic Geometry and Commutative Algebra, and are becoming increasingly important also in Computational Algebra. They capture many useful numerical characters associated to a projective variety or to a filtered module over a local ring. Starting from the pioneering work of D.G. Northcott and J. Sally, we aim to gather together in one place many new developments of this theory by using a unifying approach which gives self-contained and easier proofs. The extension of the theory to the case of general filtrations on a module, and its application to the study of certain graded algebras which are not associated to a filtration are two of the main features of the monograph. The material is intended for graduate students and researchers who are interested in Commutative Algebra, in particular in the theory of the Hilbert Functions and related topics.

This volume contains two related, though independently written, mo- graphs. In Notes on Derived Functors and Grothendieck Duality the ?rst three chapters treat the basics of derived categories and functors, and of the rich formalism, over ringed spaces, of the derived functors, for unbounded com- ? plexes, ofthesheaffunctors?, Hom, f andf wheref isaringed-spacemap. ? Included are some enhancements, for concentrated (i.e., quasi-compact and quasi-separated) schemes, of classical results such as the projection and K] unneth isomorphisms. The fourth chapter presents the abstract foun- tions of Grothendieck Duality-existence and tor-independent base change for the right adjoint of the derived functor Rf when f is a quasi-proper ? map of concentrated schemes, the twisted inverse image pseudofunctor for separated ?nite-type maps of noetherian schemes, re?nements for maps of ?nite tor-dimension, and a brief discussion of dualizing complexes. In Equivariant Twisted Inverses the theory is extended to the context of diagrams of schemes, and in particular, to schemes with a group-scheme action. An equivariant version of the twisted inverse-image pseudofunctor is de?ned, and equivariant versions of some of its important properties are proved, including Grothendieck duality for proper morphisms, and ?at base change. Also, equivariant dualizing complexes are dealt with. As an appli- tion, ageneralizedversionofWatanabe'stheoremontheGorensteinproperty of rings of invariants is proved. More detailed overviews are given in the respective Introductions."

Cuts and metrics are well-known objects that arise - independently, but with many deep and fascinating connections - in diverse fields: in graph theory, combinatorial optimization, geometry of numbers, combinatorial matrix theory, statistical physics, VLSI design etc.

This book presents a wealth of results, from different mathematical disciplines, in a unified comprehensive manner, and establishes new and old links, which cannot be found elsewhere. It provides a unique and invaluable source for researchers and graduate students.

From the Reviews:

"This book is definitely a milestone in the literature of integer programming and combinatorial optimization. It draws from the Interdisciplinarity of these fields ...]. With knowledge about the relevant terms, one can enjoy special subsections without being entirely familiar with the rest of the chapter. This makes it not only an interesting research book but even a dictionary. ...] The longer one works with it, the more beautiful it becomes." Optima 56, 1997.

The first application of modern algebraic techniques to a comprehensive selection of classical geometric problems. Written with spirit and originality, this is a valuable book for anyone interested in the subject from other than the purely algebraic point of view. Originally published in 1953. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The aim of this book is to study various geometric properties and algebraic invariants of smooth projective varieties with infinite fundamental groups. This approach allows for much interplay between methods of algebraic geometry, complex analysis, the theory of harmonic maps, and topology. Making systematic use of Shafarevich maps, a concept previously introduced by the author, this work isolates those varieties where the fundamental group influences global properties of the canonical class. The book is primarily geared toward researchers and graduate students in algebraic geometry who are interested in the structure and classification theory of algebraic varieties. There are, however, presentations of many other applications involving other topics as well--such as Abelian varieties, theta functions, and automorphic forms on bounded domains. The methods are drawn from diverse sources, including Atiyah's L2 -index theorem, Gromov's theory of Poincare series, and recent generalizations of Kodaira's vanishing theorem. Originally published in 1995. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This volume offers a systematic treatment of certain basic parts of algebraic geometry, presented from the analytic and algebraic points of view. The notes focus on comparison theorems between the algebraic, analytic, and continuous categories. Contents include: 1.1 sheaf theory, ringed spaces; 1.2 local structure of analytic and algebraic sets; 1.3 Pn 2.1 sheaves of modules; 2.2 vector bundles; 2.3 sheaf cohomology and computations on Pn; 3.1 maximum principle and Schwarz lemma on analytic spaces; 3.2 Siegel's theorem; 3.3 Chow's theorem; 4.1 GAGA; 5.1 line bundles, divisors, and maps to Pn; 5.2 Grassmanians and vector bundles; 5.3 Chern classes and curvature; 5.4 analytic cocycles; 6.1 K-theory and Bott periodicity; 6.2 K-theory as a generalized cohomology theory; 7.1 the Chern character and obstruction theory; 7.2 the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence; 7.3 K-theory on algebraic varieties; 8.1 Stein manifold theory; 8.2 holomorphic vector bundles on polydisks; 9.1 concluding remarks; bibliography. Originally published in 1974. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Many of the developments of modern algebraic geometry and topology stem from the ideas of S. Lefschetz. These are featured in this volume of contemporary research papers contributed by mathematical colleagues to celebrate his seventieth birthday. Originally published in 1957. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

In dem Lehrbuch wird eine mathematisch orientierte Einfuhrung in die algorithmische Geometrie gegeben. Im ersten Teil werden "klassische" Probleme und Techniken behandelt, die sich auf polyedrische (= linear begrenzte) Objekte beziehen. Hierzu gehoeren beispielsweise Algorithmen zur Berechnung konvexer Hullen und die Konstruktion von Voronoi-Diagrammen. Im zweiten Teil werden grundlegende Methoden der algorithmischen algebraischen Geometrie entwickelt und anhand von Anwendungen aus Computergrafik, Kurvenrekonstruktion und Robotik illustriert. Das Buch eignet sich fur ein fortgeschrittenes Modul in den derzeit neu konzipierten Bachelor-Studiengangen in Mathematik und Informatik.

Cet ouvrage est consacre a l'arithmetique des surfaces fibrees en courbes de genre 1 au-dessus de la droite projective, et a l'arithmetique des intersections de deux quadriques dans l'espace projectif. Swinnerton-Dyer introduisit en 1993 une technique permettant d'etudier les points rationnels des pinceaux de courbes de genre 1. La premiere moitie de l'ouvrage reprend et developpe cette technique ainsi que ses generalisations ulterieures. La seconde moitie, qui repose sur la premiere, porte sur les surfaces de del Pezzo de degre 4 et sur les intersections de deux quadriques de dimension superieure; les resultats annonces dans C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 342 (2006), no. 4, 223--227] y sont demontres."

This volume offers a systematic treatment of certain basic parts of algebraic geometry, presented from the analytic and algebraic points of view. The notes focus on comparison theorems between the algebraic, analytic, and continuous categories. Contents include: 1.1 sheaf theory, ringed spaces; 1.2 local structure of analytic and algebraic sets; 1.3 Pn 2.1 sheaves of modules; 2.2 vector bundles; 2.3 sheaf cohomology and computations on Pn; 3.1 maximum principle and Schwarz lemma on analytic spaces; 3.2 Siegel's theorem; 3.3 Chow's theorem; 4.1 GAGA; 5.1 line bundles, divisors, and maps to Pn; 5.2 Grassmanians and vector bundles; 5.3 Chern classes and curvature; 5.4 analytic cocycles; 6.1 K-theory and Bott periodicity; 6.2 K-theory as a generalized cohomology theory; 7.1 the Chern character and obstruction theory; 7.2 the Atiyah-Hirzebruch spectral sequence; 7.3 K-theory on algebraic varieties; 8.1 Stein manifold theory; 8.2 holomorphic vector bundles on polydisks; 9.1 concluding remarks; bibliography. Originally published in 1974. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The description for this book, Topics in Transcendental Algebraic Geometry. (AM-106), will be forthcoming.

This new-in-paperback edition provides a general introduction to algebraic and arithmetic geometry, starting with the theory of schemes, followed by applications to arithmetic surfaces and to the theory of reduction of algebraic curves.
The first part introduces basic objects such as schemes, morphisms, base change, local properties (normality, regularity, Zariski's Main Theorem). This is followed by the more global aspect: coherent sheaves and a finiteness theorem for their cohomology groups. Then follows a chapter on sheaves of differentials, dualizing sheaves, and Grothendieck's duality theory. The first part ends with the theorem of Riemann-Roch and its application to the study of smooth projective curves over a field. Singular curves are treated through a detailed study of the Picard group.
The second part starts with blowing-ups and desingularization (embedded or not) of fibered surfaces over a Dedekind ring that leads on to intersection theory on arithmetic surfaces. Castelnuovo's criterion is proved and also the existence of the minimal regular model. This leads to the study of reduction of algebraic curves. The case of elliptic curves is studied in detail. The book concludes with the fundamental theorem of stable reduction of Deligne-Mumford.
This book is essentially self-contained, including the necessary material on commutative algebra. The prerequisites are few, and including many examples and approximately 600 exercises, the book is ideal for graduate students.

The aim of this book is to study various geometric properties and algebraic invariants of smooth projective varieties with infinite fundamental groups. This approach allows for much interplay between methods of algebraic geometry, complex analysis, the theory of harmonic maps, and topology. Making systematic use of Shafarevich maps, a concept previously introduced by the author, this work isolates those varieties where the fundamental group influences global properties of the canonical class.

The book is primarily geared toward researchers and graduate students in algebraic geometry who are interested in the structure and classification theory of algebraic varieties. There are, however, presentations of many other applications involving other topics as well--such as Abelian varieties, theta functions, and automorphic forms on bounded domains. The methods are drawn from diverse sources, including Atiyah's "L2 "-index theorem, Gromov's theory of Poincare series, and recent generalizations of Kodaira's vanishing theorem.

Originally published in 1995.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905."

Le but de cet ouvrage est de faire une prA(c)sentation complA]te et auto contenue de l'A(c)quivalence entre les Oracles "SA(c)parer, " "Optimiser "et "Appartenir "en Optimisation PolyA(c)drale. Dans ce but le livre commence par une prA(c)sentation dA(c)taillA(c)e des problA]mes de ComplexitA(c) des Algorithmes suivi d'une prA(c)sentation de la mA(c)thode du Simplexe. On dA(c)crit ensuite l'algorithme de Khachiyan sans A(c)luder les problA]mes numA(c)riques. Viennent alors une suite d'algorithmes polynomiaux pour "Optimiser" A partir de l'oracle "SA(c)parer." AprA]s quelques transformations, on montre que, par polaritA(c), on peut "SA(c)parer" A partir de l'oracle "Optimiser." La premiA]re A(c)quivalence est revue aprA]s avoir dA(c)crit l'algorithme "LLL." L'ouvrage se termine par la rA(c)duction de "SA(c)parer" A "Appartenir. "

This volume contains a collection of research papers dedicated to Hans Grauert on the occasion of his seventieth birthday. Hans Grauert is a pioneer in modern complex analysis, continuing the il lustrious German tradition in function theory of several complex variables of Weierstrass, Behnke, Thullen, Stein, Siegel, and many others. When Grauert came on the scene in the early 1950's, function theory was going through a revolutionary period with the geometric theory of complex spaces still in its embryonic stage. A rich theory evolved with the joint efforts of many great mathematicians including Oka, Kodaira, Cartan, and Serre. The Car tan Seminar in Paris and the Kodaira Seminar provided important venues an for its development. Grauert, together with Andreotti and Remmert, took active part in the latter. In his career he has nurtured a great number of his own doctoral students as well as other young mathematicians in his field from allover the world. For a couple of decades his work blazed the trail and set the research agenda in several complex variables worldwide. Among his many fundamentally important contributions, which are too numerous to completely enumerate here, are: 1. The complete clarification of various notions of complex spaces. 2. The solution of the general Levi problem and his work on pseudo convexity for general manifolds. 3. The theory of exceptional analytic sets. 4. The Oka principle for holomorphic bundles. 5. The proof of the Mordell conjecture for function fields. 6. The direct image theorem for coherent sheaves."

This book is an introduction to surgery theory: the standard classification method for high-dimensional manifolds. It is aimed at graduate students, who have already had a basic topology course, and would now like to understand the topology of high-dimensional manifolds. This text contains entry-level accounts of the various prerequisites of both algebra and topology, including basic homotopy and homology, Poincare duality, bundles, cobordism, embeddings, immersions, Whitehead torsion, Poincare complexes, spherical fibrations and quadratic forms and formations. While concentrating on the basic mechanics of surgery, this book includes many worked examples, useful drawings for illustration of the algebra and references for further reading.

Mumford-Tate groups are the fundamental symmetry groups of Hodge theory, a subject which rests at the center of contemporary complex algebraic geometry. This book is the first comprehensive exploration of Mumford-Tate groups and domains. Containing basic theory and a wealth of new views and results, it will become an essential resource for graduate students and researchers.

Although Mumford-Tate groups can be defined for general structures, their theory and use to date has mainly been in the classical case of abelian varieties. While the book does examine this area, it focuses on the nonclassical case. The general theory turns out to be very rich, such as in the unexpected connections of finite dimensional and infinite dimensional representation theory of real, semisimple Lie groups. The authors give the complete classification of Hodge representations, a topic that should become a standard in the finite-dimensional representation theory of noncompact, real, semisimple Lie groups. They also indicate that in the future, a connection seems ready to be made between Lie groups that admit discrete series representations and the study of automorphic cohomology on quotients of Mumford-Tate domains by arithmetic groups. Bringing together complex geometry, representation theory, and arithmetic, this book opens up a fresh perspective on an important subject.

Lectures: A. Beauville: Surfaces algebriques complexes.- F.A. Bogomolov: The theory of invariants and its applications to some problems in the algebraic geometry.- E. Bombieri: Methods of algebraic geometry in Char. P and their applications.- Seminars: F. Catanese: Pluricanonical mappings of surfaces with K(2) =1,2, q=pg=0.- F. Catanese: On a class of surfaces of general type.- I. Dolgacev: Algebraic surfaces with p=pg =0.- A. Tognoli: Some remarks about the "Nullstellensatz".