Contains more than fifty carefully refereed and edited full-length papers on the theory and applications of mathematical methods arising out of the Fourth International Conference on Mathematical Methods in Computer Aided Geometric Design, held in Lillehammer, Norway, in July 1997.

Appropriate for a 1 or 2 term course in Abstract Algebra at the Junior level. This book explores the essential theories and techniques of modern algebra, including its problem-solving skills, basic proof techniques, many unusual applications, and the interplay between algebra and geometry. It takes a concrete, example-oriented approach to the subject matter.

This book, a translation of the German volume n-Ecke, presents an elegant geometric theory which, starting from quite elementary geometrical observations, exhibits an interesting connection between geometry and fundamental ideas of modern algebra in a form that is easily accessible to the student who lacks a sophisticated background in mathematics. It stimulates geometrical thought by applying the tools of linear algebra and the algebra of polynomials to a concrete geometrical situation to reveal some rather surprising insights into the geometry of n-gons. The twelve chapters treat n-gons, classes of n-gons, and mapping of the set of n-gons into itself. Exercises are included throughout, and two appendixes, by Henner Kinder and Eckart Schmidt, provide background material on lattices and cyclotomic polynomials. (Mathematical Expositions No. 18)

Die algebraische Geometrie ist eines der grossen aktuellen Forschungsgebiete der Mathematik und hat sich in verschiedene Richtungen und in die Anwendungen hinein verzweigt. Ihre grundlegenden Ideen sind aber bereits im Anschluss an die Algebra-Vorlesung gut zuganglich und stellen fur viele weitere Vertiefungsrichtungen eine Bereicherung dar. Diese Einfuhrung baut deshalb auf der Algebra auf und richtet sich an Bachelor- und Master-Studierende etwa ab dem funften Semester. Die geometrischen Begriffe werden erst nah an der Algebra eingefuhrt - illustriert durch viele Beispiele. Anschliessend werden sie auf die projektive Geometrie ubertragen und weiterentwickelt. Auch weiterfuhrende Konzepte aus der kommutativen Algebra und die Grundlagen der Computer-Algebra kommen dabei zum Tragen, ohne die technischen Anforderungen zu hoch zu schrauben. Der Autor Daniel Plaumann ist seit 2016 Professor fur Algebra und ihre Anwendungen an der TU Dortmund. Sein Forschungsgebiet ist die reelle algebraische Geometrie.

Dieses Buch ebnet dem Leser einen kleinschrittigen und somit gut begehbaren Weg in die algebraische Geometrie. Zentrale Begriffe und Ergebnisse aus kommutativer Algebra und algebraischer Geometrie werden vorgestellt und bilden eine solide Grundlage, um tiefer in die Materie einzusteigen und auch aktuelle Forschungsliteratur selbststandig zu verstehen. Auch wenn einige Beweise dem Leser uberlassen bleiben, ist das Werk bestens zum Nachschlagen geeignet und die Darstellung weitgehend in sich abgeschlossen, externe Referenzen wurden auf ein Mindestmass beschrankt. Der Inhalt Das Buch fuhrt von Kategorientheorie, homologischer und kommutativer Algebra schliesslich zur Schematheorie und Garbenkohomologie. Wegmarken, denen der Leser dabei begegnen wird, sind unter anderem: affine und projektive Schemata, Grundtypen von Morphismen, Faserprodukt, Dimensionstheorie, quasikoharente Garben, Varietaten, allgemeiner Satz von Bezout, Divisoren, Aufblasungen, Kahler-Differentiale, Cech-Kohomologie und Kohomologie der projektiven Raume, Ext-Garben, flache und glatte Morphismen, hoehere direkte Bildgarben, Dualitat und Halbstetigkeitssatze. Der Leser sollte bereits grundlegende Kenntnisse aus der Algebra mitbringen, etwa zu Gruppen-, Koerper- und Galoistheorie sowie Determinanten, Resultanten und elementaren Ergebnissen uber Polynomringe. Ebenfalls notwendig ist eine gewisse Vertrautheit mit Begriffen der allgemeinen mengentheoretischen Topologie.

This thesis deals with specific features of the theory of holomorphic dynamics in dimension 2 and then sets out to study analogous questions in higher dimensions, e.g. dealing with normal forms for rigid germs, and examples of Kato 3-folds. The local dynamics of holomorphic maps around critical points is still not completely understood, in dimension 2 or higher, due to the richness of the geometry of the critical set for all iterates. In dimension 2, the study of the dynamics induced on a suitable functional space (the valuative tree) allows a classification of such maps up to birational conjugacy, reducing the problem to the special class of rigid germs, where the geometry of the critical set is simple. In some cases, from such dynamical data one can construct special compact complex surfaces, called Kato surfaces, related to some conjectures in complex geometry.

This volume collects the texts of five courses given in the Arithmetic Geometry Research Programme 2009-2010 at the CRM Barcelona. All of them deal with characteristic p global fields; the common theme around which they are centered is the arithmetic of L-functions (and other special functions), investigated in various aspects. Three courses examine some of the most important recent ideas in the positive characteristic theory discovered by Goss (a field in tumultuous development, which is seeing a number of spectacular advances): they cover respectively crystals over function fields (with a number of applications to L-functions of t-motives), gamma and zeta functions in characteristic p, and the binomial theorem. The other two are focused on topics closer to the classical theory of abelian varieties over number fields: they give respectively a thorough introduction to the arithmetic of Jacobians over function fields (including the current status of the BSD conjecture and its geometric analogues, and the construction of Mordell-Weil groups of high rank) and a state of the art survey of Geometric Iwasawa Theory explaining the recent proofs of various versions of the Main Conjecture, in the commutative and non-commutative settings.

Pascal Tessmer verallgemeinert die von Michel Rumin eingefuhrte Kontakt-Torsion fur den aquivarianten Fall, wobei diese Groesse von der Metrik abhangt. Darauf basierend untersucht der Autor deren Verhalten in Hinblick auf eine glatte Variation der Metrik. Dabei werden auch die Falle der fixpunktfreien und der Operation mit isolierten Fixpunkten betrachtet und explizite Variationsformeln berechnet. In der hoeherdimensionalen Kontaktgeometrie gehoert das Finden von Groessen, mit deren Hilfe Kontaktstrukturen unterschieden werden koennen, zu den wichtigen Aufgaben.

This book aims to disseminate geometric algebra as a straightforward mathematical tool set for working with and understanding classical electromagnetic theory. It's target readership is anyone who has some knowledge of electromagnetic theory, predominantly ordinary scientists and engineers who use it in the course of their work, or postgraduate students and senior undergraduates who are seeking to broaden their knowledge and increase their understanding of the subject. It is assumed that the reader is not a mathematical specialist and is neither familiar with geometric algebra or its application to electromagnetic theory. The modern approach, geometric algebra, is the mathematical tool set we should all have started out with and once the reader has a grasp of the subject, he or she cannot fail to realize that traditional vector analysis is really awkward and even misleading by comparison. Professors can request a solutions manual by email: [email protected]

Introduction.- Chapitre VIII. Modules et anneaux semi-simples.- 1. Modules artiniens et modules noetheriens.- 2. Structure des modules de longueur finie.- 3. Modules simples.- 4. Modules semi-simples.- 5. Commutation.- 6. Equivalence de Morita des modules et des algebres.- 7. Anneaux simples.- 8. Anneaux semi-simples.- 9. Radical.- 10. Modules sur un anneau artinien.- 11. Groupes de Grothendieck.- 12. Produit tensoriel de modules semi-simples.- 13. Algebres absolument semi-simples.- 14. Algebres centrales et simples.- 15. Groupes de Brauer.- 16. Autres descriptions du groupe de Brauer.- 17. Normes et traces reduites.- 18. Algebres simples sur un corps fini.- 20. Representations lineaires des algebres.- 21. Representations lineaires des groupes finis.- Appendice 1. Algebres sans element unite.- Appendice 2. Determinants sur un corps non commutatif.- Appendice 3. Le theoreme des zeros de Hilbert.- Appendice 4. Trace d'un endomorphisme de rang fini.- Note Historique.- Bibliographie.- Index des notations.- Index terminologique

Das essential fuhrt in die wesentlichen Konzepte der modernen algebraischen Geometrie ein. Dabei werden zunachst algebraische Grundbegriffe wiederholt. Die algebraische Struktur eines kommutativen Ringes spiegelt sich in der Menge seiner Primideale wider. Diese Menge kann mit einer topologischen Struktur versehen werden; dies ist der Begriff des Spektrums, der also algebraische in topologische Daten ubersetzt. Mithilfe des Begriffs der Garbe kann man aus dieser topologischen die algebraische Struktur zuruckgewinnen. Dieses reichhaltige Wechselspiel wird im Begriff des Schemas erfasst. Dadurch kann man die grundlegenden Objekte der algebraischen Geometrie, Nullstellengebilde von Polynomen, algebraisch untersuchen und umgekehrt geometrische Methoden auf arithmetische Fragen anwenden.

This book presents a readable and accessible introductory course in algebraic geometry, with most of the fundamental classical results presented with complete proofs. An emphasis is placed on developing connections between geometric and algebraic aspects of the theory. Differences between the theory in characteristic $0$ and positive characteristic are emphasized. The basic tools of classical and modern algebraic geometry are introduced, including varieties, schemes, singularities, sheaves, sheaf cohomology, and intersection theory. Basic classical results on curves and surfaces are proved. More advanced topics such as ramification theory, Zariski's main theorem, and Bertini's theorems for general linear systems are presented, with proofs, in the final chapters. With more than 200 exercises, the book is an excellent resource for teaching and learning introductory algebraic geometry.

This book is a collection of research papers and surveys on algebra that were presented at the Conference on Groups, Rings, and Group Rings held in Ubatuba, Brazil. This text familiarizes researchers with the latest topics, techniques, and methodologies in several branches of contemporary algebra. With extensive coverage, it examines broad themes from group theory and ring theory, exploring their relationship with other branches of algebra including actions of Hopf algebras, groups of units of group rings, combinatorics of Young diagrams, polynomial identities, growth of algebras, and more. Featuring international contributions, this book is ideal for mathematicians specializing in these areas.

Dieses Buch gibt eine Einfuhrung in die Algebraische Geometrie. Ziel ist es, die grundlegenden Begriffe und Techniken der algebraischen Geometrie zusammen mit einer Reihe von Beispielen darzustellen."

The book is an introduction of Gromov's theory of hyperbolic spaces and hyperbolic groups. It contains complete proofs of some basic theorems which are due to Gromov, and emphasizes some important developments on isoperimetric inequalities, automatic groups, and the metric structure on the boundary of a hyperbolic space.

This volume celebrates the 100th birthday of Professor Chen-Ning Frank Yang (Nobel 1957), one of the giants of modern science and a living legend. Starting with reminiscences of Yang's time at the research centre for theoretical physics at Stonybrook (now named C. N. Yang Institute) by his successor Peter van Nieuwenhuizen, the book is a collection of articles by world-renowned mathematicians and theoretical physicists. This emphasizes the Dialogue Between Physics and Mathematics that has been a central theme of Professor Yang's contributions to contemporary science. Fittingly, the contributions to this volume range from experimental physics to pure mathematics, via mathematical physics. On the physics side, the contributions are from Sir Anthony Leggett (Nobel 2003), Jian-Wei Pan (Willis E. Lamb Award 2018), Alexander Polyakov (Breakthrough Prize 2013), Gerard 't Hooft (Nobel 1999), Frank Wilczek (Nobel 2004), Qikun Xue (Fritz London Prize 2020), and Zhongxian Zhao (Bernd T. Matthias Prize 2015), covering an array of topics from superconductivity to the foundations of quantum mechanics. In mathematical physics there are contributions by Sir Roger Penrose (Nobel 2022) and Edward Witten (Fields Medal 1990) on quantum twistors and quantum field theory, respectively. On the mathematics side, the contributions by Vladimir Drinfeld (Fields Medal 1990), Louis Kauffman (Wiener Gold Medal 2014), and Yuri Manin (Cantor Medal 2002) offer novel ideas from knot theory to arithmetic geometry. Inspired by the original ideas of C. N. Yang, this unique collection of papers b masters of physics and mathematics provides, at the highest level, contemporary research directions for graduate students and experts alike.

The Woods Hole trace formula is a Lefschetz fixed-point theorem for coherent cohomology on algebraic varieties. It leads to a version of the sheaves-functions dictionary of Deligne, relating characteristic-p-valued functions on the rational points of varieties over finite fields to coherent modules equipped with a Frobenius structure. This book begins with a short introduction to the homological theory of crystals of Boeckle and Pink with the aim of introducing the sheaves-functions dictionary as quickly as possible, illustrated with elementary examples and classical applications. Subsequently, the theory and results are expanded to include infinite coefficients, L-functions, and applications to special values of Goss L-functions and zeta functions. Based on lectures given at the Morningside Center in Beijing in 2013, this book serves as both an introduction to the Woods Hole trace formula and the sheaves-functions dictionary, and to some advanced applications on characteristic p zeta values.

"Problem-Solving and Selected Topics in Euclidean Geometry: in the Spirit of the Mathematical Olympiads" contains theorems which are of particular value for the solution of geometrical problems. Emphasis is given in the discussion of a variety of methods, which play a significant role for the solution of problems in Euclidean Geometry. Before the complete solution of every problem, a key idea is presented so that the reader will be able to provide the solution. Applications of the basic geometrical methods which include analysis, synthesis, construction and proof are given. Selected problems which have been given in mathematical olympiads or proposed in short lists in IMO's are discussed. In addition, a number of problems proposed by leading mathematicians in the subject are included here. The book also contains new problems with their solutions. The scope of the publication of the present book is to teach mathematical thinking through Geometry and to provide inspiration for both students and teachers to formulate "positive" conjectures and provide solutions.

Progress in low-dimensional topology has been very quick in the last three decades, leading to the solutions of many difficult problems. Among the earlier highlights of this period was Casson's -invariant that was instrumental in proving the vanishing of the Rohlin invariant of homotopy 3-spheres. The proof of the three-dimensional Poincare conjecture has rendered this application moot but hardly made Casson's contribution less relevant: in fact, a lot of modern day topology, including a multitude of Floer homology theories, can be traced back to his -invariant. The principal goal of this book, now in its second revised edition, remains providing an introduction to the low-dimensional topology and Casson's theory; it also reaches out, when appropriate, to more recent research topics. The book covers some classical material, such as Heegaard splittings, Dehn surgery, and invariants of knots and links. It then proceeds through the Kirby calculus and Rohlin's theorem to Casson's invariant and its applications, and concludes with a brief overview of recent developments. The book will be accessible to graduate students in mathematics and theoretical physics familiar with some elementary algebraic and differential topology, including the fundamental group, basic homology theory, transversality, and Poincare duality on manifolds.

Formes sesquilineaires et formes quadratiques

Les Elements de mathematique de Nicolas BOURBAKI ont pour objet une presentation rigoureuse, systematique et sans prerequis des mathematiques depuis leurs fondements.

Ce neuvieme chapitre du Livre d Algebre, deuxieme Livre du traite, est consacre aux formes quadratiques, symplectiques ou hermitiennes et aux groupes associes.

Il contient egalement une note historique.

Ce volume est une reimpression de l edition de 1959."

This is a two-volume collection presenting the selected works of Herbert Busemann, one of the leading geometers of the twentieth century and one of the main founders of metric geometry, convexity theory and convexity in metric spaces. Busemann also did substantial work (probably the most important) on Hilbert's Problem IV. These collected works include Busemann's most important published articles on these topics. Volume I of the collection features Busemann's papers on the foundations of geodesic spaces and on the metric geometry of Finsler spaces. Volume II includes Busemann's papers on convexity and integral geometry, on Hilbert's Problem IV, and other papers on miscellaneous subjects. Each volume offers biographical documents and introductory essays on Busemann's work, documents from his correspondence and introductory essays written by leading specialists on Busemann's work. They are a valuable resource for researchers in synthetic and metric geometry, convexity theory and the foundations of geometry.