Written by a team of internationally renowned experts, this book focuses on the application of gas chromatography to various aspects of forensic chemistry. The authors introduce the basic theory of chromatographic separations before discussing specific forensic issues such as drug analysis and fires and explosives. Problems faced by forensic scientists, including degraded samples and small sample size, are also addressed.

As a spectroscopic method, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has seen spectacular growth over the past two decades, both as a technique and in its applications. Today the applications of NMR span a wide range of scientific disciplines, from physics to biology to medicine. Each volume of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance comprises a combination of annual and biennial reports which together provide comprehensive of the literature on this topic. This Specialist Periodical Report reflects the growing volume of published work involving NMR techniques and applications, in particular NMR of natural macromolecules which is covered in two reports: "NMR of Proteins and Acids" and "NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes." For those wanting to become rapidly acquainted with specific areas of NMR, this title provides unrivalled scope of coverage. Seasoned practitioners of NMR will find this an in valuable source of current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.

This book compiles updated information about the role and health benefits of various bioactives in food. Different chapters are contributed by academicians, food scientists, technologists, and medical practitioners. The book addresses both theoretical and applied aspects of bioactive components and provides exhaustive knowledge about bioactive components. It comprises 27 chapters organized into 4 major sections covering topics in food science and technology, functional foods, and nutraceuticals. It provides perspectives for innovation, sources, applications, and sustainability in bioactive component research. The first section starts with introduction of bioactive components consisting of seven different chapters primarily focusing on the bioactive components and their sources with respective health benefits. The second section, comprising five different chapters, deals with different technological trends, regulations, and safety aspects of bioactive components. With eight chapters, the third section covers the role of bioactive components in human health and the role of functional foods in combating various health-related issues. The fourth section reviews functional foods through six chapters that cover the use of bioactive components in various food products. The book will prove useful to advanced food technology graduate and undergraduate students and research scholars, practicing food technologists in food and related industries, entrepreneurs, food-pharma researchers, and other scientists seeking information about smart and sustainable processes as well as information needed to design and develop these processes.

Environmental Nanotechnology: Implications and Applications, Volume 99 focuses on the implications and applications of Environmental Nanotechnology. The book presents the various methods used for the production and characterization of nanoparticles, and includes chapters on Nanoparticles: An overview, Nanomaterials and photocatalysis for environment: Applications and characterization, Toxicity of inorganic nanoparticles, Overview of nanoparticles technology usage for water treatment with an emphasis on the emerging water pollutants, Nanotechnology in wastewater treatment, Nanomaterials for groundwater remediation, Development of nano-sensor and biosensor as an air pollution detection technique for the foreseeable future, and more. Additional chapters in this comprehensive release include Nanomaterials as a tool for soil remediation in sustainable agriculture, Impact of nanoparticles in wastewater treatment, Nanoparticles in solid waste: Impact and management strategies, and Global regulations and legislations on nanoparticles usage and application in diverse horizons.

Successful Management of the Analytical Laboratory provides a comprehensive discussion of the problems that face analytical laboratory managers and presents proven techniques for improving the operation and performance of analytical labs. A wide range of topics are covered, including functions of various laboratory types (including a discussion of legal proceedings that involve defending laboratory data), staffing and organization, motivation, management and development of personnel, personal relations and communication, sample handling, workload optimization, equipment selection and justification, budgeting and cost control (including methods for calculating the dollar return on investments in capital equipment), and information management systems.
The book emphasizes measures that managers can take to ensure quality performance in both the laboratory and its personnel while maintaining the overall cost effectiveness of the operation. The author uses case histories from his experience to illustrate the application of the management principles presented in this excellent book for new and experienced lab managers alike.

This work details an application of collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy for the separation of short-lived isomeric states and their subsequent study with decay spectroscopy.It reports the successful construction ofa novel decay spectroscopy apparatus that can operate at pressures below 1 x 10 DEGREES-9 mbar. The method is demonstrated by separating the nuclear ground and isomeric states of 204Fr and performing alpha-decay spectroscopy. An equivalent mass spectrometer would require 4.6 million times as much resolution to achieve the same result. This work unambiguously confirms the existence of a second isomeric state in 204Fr. The author also demonstrates the effectiveness of this method for laser spectroscopy and identification of hyperfine-structure components with energy tagging. This method was successfully used in 202Fr to identify ground and isomeric states. The measurement of 202Fr reported in this thesis demonstrates a factor of 100 improvement in sensitivity compared to state-of-the-art fluorescence techniques. The work reported in this thesis won the author the IOP Nuclear Physics Group Early Career Pri

CMOS Processors and Memories addresses the-state-of-the-art in integrated circuit design in the context of emerging computing systems. New design opportunities in memories and processor are discussed. Emerging materials that can take system performance beyond standard CMOS, like carbon nanotubes, graphene, ferroelectrics and tunnel junctions are explored.

CMOS Processors and Memories is divided into two parts: processors and memories. In the first part we start with high performance, low power processor design, followed by a chapter on multi-core processing. They both represent state-of-the-art concepts in current computing industry. The third chapter deals with asynchronous design that still carries lots of promise for future computing needs. At the end we present a "hardware design space exploration" methodology for implementing and analyzing the hardware for the Bayesian inference framework. This particular methodology involves: analyzing the computational cost and exploring candidate hardware components, proposing various custom architectures using both traditional CMOS and hybrid nanotechnology CMOL. The first part concludes with hybrid CMOS-Nano architectures.

The second, memory part covers state-of-the-art SRAM, DRAM, and flash memories as well as emerging device concepts. Semiconductor memory is a good example of the full custom design that applies various analog and logic circuits to utilize the memory cell's device physics. Critical physical effects that include tunneling, hot electron injection, charge trapping (Flash memory) are discussed in detail. Emerging memories like FRAM, PRAM and ReRAM that depend on magnetization, electron spin alignment, ferroelectric effect, built-in potential well, quantum effects, and thermal melting are also described.

CMOS Processors and Memories is a must for anyone serious about circuit design for future computing technologies. The book is written by top notch international experts in industry and academia. It can be used in graduate course curriculum.

Starting from fundamentals and moving through a thorough discussion of equipment, methods, and techniques, the Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy provides a unique reference source that will be of value for many years to come for this important new analysis method. The authors, with a total of over 60 years of experience in the LIBS method, use a combination of tutorial discussions ranging from basic principles up to more advanced descriptions along with extensive figures and photographs to clearly explain topics addressed in the text. In this second edition, chapters on the use of statistical analysis and advances in detection of weapons of mass destruction have been added. Tables of data related to analysis with LIBS have been updated. The Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, Second Edition: * provides a thorough but understandable discussion of the basic principles of the method based on atomic emission spectroscopy, including recently available data leading to better characterization of the LIBS plasma; * presents a discussion of the many advantages of the method along with limitations, to provide the reader a balanced overview of capabilities of the method; * describes LIBS instrumentation ranging from basic set-ups to more advanced configurations; * presents a comprehensive discussion of the different types of components (laser, spectrometers, detectors) that can be used for LIBS apparatuses along with suggestions for their use, as well as an up-to-date treatment of the newest advances and capabilities of LIBS instruments; * presents the analytical capabilities of the method in terms of detection limits, accuracy, and precision of measurements for a variety of different sample types; * discusses methods of sampling different media such as gases, liquids, and solids; * presents an overview of some real-world applications of the method, with new emphasis on sampling of biologically and physically dangerous materials; * provides an up-to-date list of references to LIBS literature along with the latest detection limits and a unique list of element detection limits using a uniform analysis method; * provides annotated examples of LIBS spectra which can serve as references for the general reader and will be especially useful for those starting out in the field.

This book consists of a series of 82 precise, easy-to-read articles by internationally renowned scientists and emphasizes the practical approach to HPLC with minimal theory, although the underlying principles for peptide and protein separations are clearly expressed. All of the major modes of microbore, ultrafast and analytical HPLC are discussed, including size-exclusion, ion-exchange, reversed-phase, hydrophobic interaction, and affinity and immunoaffinity chromatography. A section on preparative HPLC, including displacement techniques, is also presented. Problem-solving approaches to the separation of various classes of biologically active peptides and proteins are thoroughly explored, while the importance of peptide standards for monitoring column performance and for optimizing separation conditions is emphasized. Several articles focus on the choice of the correct detection method (electrochemical, UV, fluorescence), as well as the need for a proper knowledge of approaches to column and instrument maintenance and trouble-shooting. A section on predictive approaches deals with both computer simulation of peptide separations and peptide structure. The book also includes complementary techniques to HPLC, as well as other useful applications of HPLC. It enables both novice and experienced chromatographers to realize the full potential of this extremely powerful technique, in the process making an important contribution to scientific literature.

Expanded bed adsorption chromatography is a novel processing technique for the purification of biomolecules, combining clarification, concentration and initial purification in one step. By such an integration it is possible to reduce the number of steps in the purification process, to shorten the processing time and to improve the yields. The technology is new, and interesting developments have taken place concerning the adsorbents, the processing technology and potential applications. Both small-scale laboratory processes and larger industrial processes are being developed. Expanded bed chromatography is one of the most exciting new developments in downstream processing in recent years. The technology will be a standard procedure when new biotechnological processes are being developed.

A convenient single volume handbook featuring the most important topics in spectroscopy

This valuable handbook is based on topics presented in the CRC Handbook of Spectroscopy, Volumes I and II, published in 1974, and Volume III, published in 1981. The information has been condensed (by the original contributor, when possible) so that only the most important information from the original three volumes has been retained and updated. The topics covered include ESCA flame photometry; atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy, including plasma emission; infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy; electron spin resonance, X-ray spectroscopy, mass photoelectric absorption coefficients, appearance potential spectroscopy, thermal neutron cross sections and resonance integrals for activation analysis, tables of experimental values of X-ray fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields for the K-, L-, and M-shells.

Other topics include 14 MeV neutron activation cross sections; wavelength standards in visible, ultraviolet, and near-infrared spectroscopy; electron affinities, wavelength-dependent and electronic system oscillator strengths for free diatomic molecules of astrophysical importance; electron spin resonance applicaton to the study of minerals and glasses; experimental lifetimes, Franck-Condon factors; and vibrational and rotational oscillator strengths. The concise format and wealth of information ensures that no spectroscopist will want to be without the updated and revised Practical Handbook of Spectroscopy.

Immunoassay procedures (isotopic and non-isotopic) have become one of the single most important techniques in present-day diagnostic medicine. This book is designed as an introductory test for the staff of clinical research laboratories who conduct or intend to conduct such techniques, and will be of great value to the clinicians who make use of such services. The volume takes a three-pronged approach in it's in-depth presentation: explanation of the basic principles and applications of radioimmunoassays and non-isotopic immunoassays; practical illustrations of the various steps involved in immunoassays; discussion of the problems and pitfalls in immunoassays and how to avoid them. This fifth revised edition is a worthy successor to it's predecessors in this famous "Laboratory Techniques" series.

This book describes fundamental theory and recent advances of sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy. SFG spectroscopy is widely used as a powerful tool of surface characterization, although theoretical interpretation of the obtained spectra has been a major bottleneck for most users. Recent advances in SFG theory have brought about a breakthrough in the analysis methods beyond conventional empirical ones, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of SFG spectroscopy allows for simultaneous understanding of observed spectra and interface structure in unprecedented detail. This book explains these recently understood theoretical aspects of SFG spectroscopy by the major developer of the theory. The theoretical topics are treated at basic levels for undergraduate students and are described in relation to computational chemistry, such as molecular modeling and MD simulation, toward close collaboration of SFG spectroscopy and computational chemistry in the near future.

New edition (first, 1973) of an introduction to the principles and applications of all phases of luminescence spectroscopy. Contains (all rewritten) chapters on general aspects of luminescence, instrumentation, effects of molecular structure and environment, inorganic analysis, phosphorescence, fluo

This book highlights the theories and applications of quantum acoustical imaging which can be considered as a part of quantum technology. It starts with the theories and background principles of this new field in depth.The examples of some present forms of available acoustical imaging which can be considered as quantum acoustical imaging are given such as ultrasonics in the terahertz range with the use of optical transducers for producing terahertz ultrasound and the theory of sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SASER) and principles based on terahertz ultrasound. The SASER transducer is described, followed by the applications of SASER.Other examples of quantum acoustical imaging are the atomic force acoustic microscope (AFAM) and the ultrasonic force microscope. The author's personal inventions of quantum acoustical imaging are a system based on phonons entanglement based on the quantum property of phonons entanglement and the quantum ultrasound diffraction tomography system.The advantage of quantum acoustical imaging is the defeat of the classical Rayleigh image resolution limit. An unique feature of this book is that it has gone in depth into the quantum theories of acoustical imaging such as phonons entanglement,,superposition principle and the application of transport theory.Quantum microphones and quantum transducers are also introduced with a final chapter on quantum image processing.

Green Approaches for Chemical Analysis addresses emerging trends and technologies for the development of green analytical methods. The book covers basic principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) and describes the most up-to-date strategies used in areas such as sample preparation, instrumental analysis, and use and synthesis of green solvents and sorbents for separation. Many applications of analytical methods are discussed from a "green perspective," such as multiresidue analysis, metabolomics, food analysis, environmental monitoring, and bio-clinical applications. Written by experts in their fields, the book's chapters offer a variety of green analytical solutions readers can apply to their own analytical needs.

Growth of Crystals, Volume 21 presents a survey, with detailed analysis, of the scientific and technological approaches, and results obtained, by leading Russian crystal growth specialists from the late 1990's to date.

The volume contains 16 reviewed chapters on various aspects of crystal and crystalline film growth from various phases (vapour, solution, liquid and solid). Both fundamental aspects, e.g. growth kinetics and mechanisms, and applied aspects, e.g. preparation of technically important materials in single-crystalline forms, are covered.

A large portion of the volume is devoted to film growth, including film growth from eutectic melt, from amorphous solid state, kinetics of lateral epitaxy and film growth on specially structured substrates. An important chapter in this section covers heteroepitaxy of non-isovalent A3B5 semiconductor compounds, which have important applications in the field of photonics.

The volume also includes a detailed analysis of the structural aspects of a broad range of laser crystals, information that is invaluable for successfully growing perfect, laser-effective, single crystals.

Sensing of Deadly Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents, Nerve Agent Simulants, and their Toxicological Aspects provides a general overview of the development and performance of different novel molecular frameworks as potent vehicles for sensing Chemical Weapons (CWs). The chapters are contributed by leading researchers in the areas of materials science, medical science, chemical science, and nanotechnology from industries, academics, government and private research institutions across the globe. It covers cover topics such as inorganic nanocomposites, hyperbranched polymers, and graphene heterojunctions for effective sensing of CW agents. This book is a highly valuable reference source for graduates, post-graduates, and research scholars primarily in the fields of materials science, medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, and nanoscience and nanotechnology. In addition, almost all analytical techniques will be discussed, making this a first-rate reference for professors, students, and scientists in many industries.

Enzymes are bio-catalysts which effect transformation of substrates to products with high specificity. The usage of enzymes in domestic and industrial applications is well known and has been well documented since the early history of civilization. With the advances in understanding of enzymology, usage of enzymes in industrial and biotechnological pro cesses and molecular medicine has proliferated. One of the key factors in the widespread application of enzymes in modern technologies is the development of enzyme immobilization tech niques, which overcome certain practical, functional and economic con straints. Many natural enzymes can be stabilized by immobilization on solid matrices, with most of the activity retained, for a variety of applica tions. An important application of immobilized enzymes is in liquid chromatography. In the last decade, post-column enzyme detection has become established as an important discipline in liquid chromatography. The new detection approach offers more sensitive and specific ways for measuring major classes of biomolecules. Reactors are fabricated by packing the immobilized enzymes into small columns, which can be placed immediately after an HPLC column."

"WHAT DOES NOT NEED TO BE BIG, WILL BE SMALL," a word by an engineer at a recent conference on chips technology. This sentence is particularly true for chemistry. Microfabrication technology emerged from microelectronics into areas like mechanics and now chemistry and biology. The engineering of micron and submicron sized features on the surface of silicon, glass and polymers opens a whole new world. Micromotors smaller than human hair have been fabricated and they work fine. It is the declared goal of the authors to bring these different worlds together in this volume. Authors have been carefully chosen to guarantee for the quality of the contents. An engineer, a chemist or a biologist will find new impulses from the various chapters in this book.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.

SERS for Point-of-care and Clinical Applications focuses on the use of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (also known as Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering) techniques in clinical and point-of-care settings. Sections provide an overview of SERS biomedical applications, providing in-depth information about point-of-care and clinical applications of SERS using specific examples from current literature. These applications are not always immediately evident to newcomers in the field, as Raman and SERS are often introduced as analytical methods for chemical analysis. This book offers a concise introduction to the biomedical applications of SERS for graduate students, scientists and researchers in all related fields.

Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds provides a unique source of information on an important area of chemistry. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in this field, researchers will find this Specialist Periodical Report an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

As a spectroscopic method, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has seen spectacular growth over the past two decades, both as a technique and in its applications. Today the applications of NMR span a wide range of scientific disciplines, from physics to biology to medicine. Each volume of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance comprises a combination of annual and biennial reports which together provide comprehensive of the literature on this topic. This Specialist Periodical Report reflects the growing volume of published work involving NMR techniques and applications, in particular NMR of natural macromolecules which is covered in two reports: "NMR of Proteins and Acids" and "NMR of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Membranes." For those wanting to become rapidly acquainted with specific areas of NMR, this title provides unrivalled scope of coverage. Seasoned practitioners of NMR will find this an in valuable source of current methods and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.