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Books > Academic & Education > Professional & Technical > Biochemistry
Why a Second Edition?
Retinoids have received considerable attention in recent years and due cognizance has been given to their versatility as biological response modifiers, as evidenced by the virtually explosive growth of literature in this field in the past few years. This volume has been designed to give a current state-of-the-art picture of retinoids. The perceived potential of retinoids in the treatment of certain disease stated has initiated attempts at identifying and synthesizing new retinoid derivatives with definable and selective effects on aberrant biological phenomena. Appropriately, therefore, we begin with the chemistry of retinoids and their derivatives together with discussions of their biological activity. Major advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms by which retinoids modulate physiological and phenotypic traits of cells. The transduction of retinoid signaling by the mediation of nuclear receptors of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily has now been studied extensively and the cloning and defining the characteristics of these receptors has been a focus of discussion in this volume. Retinoids also markedly modulate the transduction of extracellular signals such as those imparted by growth factors and hormones, and thus actively influence and control cellular proliferative patterns. Retinoids can alter epidermal growth factor receptor expression (Kawaguchi et al., 1994), responsiveness to thyroid hormone (Esfandiari et al., 1994; Pallet et al., 1994), inhibit the proliferative responses of hematopoietic progenitor cells to granulocyte colony stimulating factor (Smeland et al., 1994), and modulate secretion on interleukins by leukaemic cells (Balitrand et al., 1994), among other things. This has obvious implications for pharmacological manipulation of deregulated growth (Dickens and Colletta, 1993; Mulshine et al., 1993). Apoptosis is another component in the regulation of growth control. Apoptotic cell death is influenced by several agents and retinoids may function by interfering with apoptotic pathways of regulation of growth control and quite legitimately, therefore, the importance of this aspect of retinoid function has been duly recognized here.
The aim of this book is to show how supramolecular complexity of
cell organization can dramatically alter the functions of
individual macromolecules within a cell. The emergence of new
functions which appear as a consequence of supramolecular
complexity, is explained in terms of physical chemistry.
This is the second volume in a series on membrane protein transfer. Membrane protein transport underlies the topological disposition of many proteins within cells and it is this disposition that allows for the co-ordination of the central cellular processes, such as metabolism.
From the Preface
The technical advances in molecular biology have endowed us with a
wealth of knowledge, which has allowed us to identify the cause of
diseases not only at a single gene level but at a greater
magnitude, where a substitution or deletion of a single base pair
can be identified. Our present task is to establish a clear link
between phenotype and nucleotide sequence. Obviously, a gene is no
longer an imaginary entity. Recent discoveries in a number of
bewildering traits, whose inheritance do not follow simple
mendelian rules, have caused much amazement. For example, fragile
X-syndrome, spine and bulbar muscular atrophy and myotic dystrophy
arise from "triples repeat mutation" and amplification in future
generations. Genetic diseases which are inherited, can now be
diagnosed prenatally; an idea that was once inconceivable.
The contributors to this text, who are all biochemists who worked during the 1950s and 60s, describe what appears to them to be the conceptually significant developments in biochemistry since the mid 1950s and how these were achieved. Their aim is to make their subjects intelligible to other scientists not expert in their field.
From the Preface
The second volume in a series which aims to focus on advances in computational biology. This volume discusses such topics as: statistical analysis of protein sequences; progress in large-scale sequence analysis; and the architecture of loops in proteins.
The rapid growth of biotechnology and drug design, based on rational principles of biopolymer interactions, has generated many developments in the field of biophysical chemistry. This series presents overviews of these developments and of other topical areas that are attracting interest in the field, from methodological developments in high-resolution NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling to advances in structural chemistry and mechanistic studies of proteins and other biological compounds crucial for drug design.
This volume covers such quantum leaps in the field of biochemistry as the coding properties of DNA and the central dogma, manipulating DNA, extranuclear DNA, protein synthesis and the ribosome, and cell cycles.
Edited by Daniel Rothbart of George Mason University in Virginia,
this book is a collection of Rom Harre's work on modeling in
science (particularly physics and psychology). In over 28 authored
books and 240 articles and book chapters, Rom Harre of Georgetown
University in Washington, DC is a towering figure in philosophy,
linguistics, and social psychology. He has inspired a generation of
scholars, both for the ways in which his research is carried out
and his profound insights. For Harre, the stunning discoveries of
research demand a kind of thinking that is found in the
construction and control of models. Iconic modeling is pivotal for
representing real-world structures, explaining phenomena,
manipulating instruments, constructing theories, and acquiring
data.
The concept of network as a mathematical description of a set of
states, or events, linked according to a certain topology has been
developed recently and has led to a novel approach of real world.
This approach is no doubt important in the field of biology. In
fact biological systems can be considered networks. Thus, for
instance, an enzyme-catalysed reaction is a network that links,
according to a certain topology, the various states of the protein
and of its complexes with the substrates and products of the
chemical reaction. Connections between neurons, social relations in
animal and human populations are also examples of networks. Hence
there is little doubt that the concept of network transgresses the
boundaries between traditional scientific disciplines.
A primary component of cell signaling research, this title covers the principal membrane-bound receptor families, including their structural organization. Written and edited by experts in the field, this book provides up-to-date research on transmembrane signaling entities and their initiating responses following extracellular stimulation. Articles written and edited by experts in the field
This must-have cell signaling title will appeal to researchers across molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology and genetics. The articles are written and edited by experts in the field and emphasize signaling to and from intracellular compartments including transcriptional responses to cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling events, chromatin remodeling and stress responses, the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum function, control of cell cycle progression and apoptosis and the modulation of the activities of mitochondria and other organelles. Articles written and edited by experts in the field
Required reading for anyone involved in cell signaling research
with articles written and edited by experts in the field. This
title covers disease states such as lymphoid leukemia, breast
cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis, andinflammatory
bowel disease, along with up-to-date research on signaling systems
and mutations in
Volume 6 of Biomembranes covers transmembrane receptors and
channels. A particularly important role for the membrane is that of
passing messages between a cell and its environment. Part I of this
volume covers receptors for hormones and growth factors. Here, as
in so many other areas of cell biology, the application of the
methods of molecular biology have led to the recognition of a
number of families of receptors. Typically, such receptors contain
an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and
an intracellular catalytic domain whose activation, as a result of
ligand binding, leads to generation of second messengers within the
cell and stimulation of a range of cytosolic enzymes. An
alternative signaling strategy, exploited in particular in the
nervous system, is to use ion channels to allow controlled movement
of monovalent (Na+, K+) or divalent (Ca2+) cations in or out of the
cell, resulting in changes in membrane potential or alterations in
the intracellular concentration of Ca2+. Part II of this volume is
concerned with these ion channels and with other, often simpler,
ion channel systems whose study can throw light on channel
mechanism.
Far more than a comprehensive treatise on initial-rate and
fast-reaction kinetics, this one-of-a-kind desk reference places
enzyme science in the fuller context of the organic, inorganic, and
physical chemical processes occurring within enzyme active sites.
Drawing on 2600 references, Enzyme Kinetics: Catalysis &
Control develops all the kinetic tools needed to define enzyme
catalysis, spanning the entire spectrum (from the basics of
chemical kinetics and practical advice on rate measurement, to the
very latest work on single-molecule kinetics and mechanoenzyme
force generation), while also focusing on the persuasive power of
kinetic isotope effects, the design of high-potency drugs, and the
behavior of regulatory enzymes. - Historical analysis of kinetic principles including advanced enzyme science - Provides both theoretical and practical measurements tools - Coverage of single molecular kinetics - Examination of force generation mechanisms - Discussion of organic and inorganic enzyme reactions
Volume 5 of Biomembranes covers an important group of membrane
proteins, the ATPases. The P-type ATPases couple the hydrolysis of
ATP to the movement of ions across a membrane and are characterized
by the formation of a phosphoyrlated intermediate. Included are the
plasma membrane and muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPases,
the (Na+ -K+) -ATPase, the gastric (H+ -K+) -ATPase, the plasma
membrane H+ -ATPase of fungi and plants, the Mg2+ - transport
ATPase, the Salmonella typhimurium, and the K+ -ATPase of
Escherichia coli, KdpB. The other important classes of ATPase in
eukaryotic systems are the vacuolar H+ -ATPases and the F0F1 ATP
synthase, and, in bacteria, the anion-translocating ATPases,
responsible for resistance to arsenicals and antimonials, and the
(Na+ -Mg2+) -ATPase of Acholeplasma. Finally, eukaryotic systems
contain a variety of ectonucleotidases important, for example, in
hydrolysis of extracellular ATP released as a cotransmitter from
cholinergic and adrenergic nerve terminals. Volume 5 of
Biomembranes explores structure-function relationships for these
mebrane-bound ATPases.
Since the publication of the first edition, the U.S. Surgeon General released the first-ever report on bone health and osteoporosis in October 2004. This report focuses even more attention on the devastating impact osteoporosis has on millions of lives. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, 2 million American men have osteoporosis, and another 12 million are at risk for this disease. Yet despite the large number of men affected, the lack of awareness by doctors and their patients puts men at a higher risk that the condition may go undiagnosed and untreated. It is estimated that one-fifth to one-third of all hip fractures occur in men. This second edition brings on board John Bilezikian and Dirk
Vanderschueren as editors with Eric Orwoll. The table of contents
is more than doubling with 58 planned chapters. The format is
larger - 8.5 x 11. This editionof Osteoporosis in Menbrings
together even more eminent investigators and clinicians to
interpret developments in this growing field, and describe
state-of-the-art research as well as practical approaches to
diagnosis, prevention and therapy. Describes state-of-the-art research as well as practical approaches to diagnosis, prevention and therapy. There is no book on the market that covers osteoporosis in men as comprehensively as this book. "
Volume 4 of Biomembranes covers endocytosis, exocytosis and related processes. A major role of the plasma membrane is as a permeability barrier, keeping the inside of the cell inside and the outside, outside. Mechanisms must then exist to allow movement of material between the cell and its environment. One mechanism for export from the cell is by exocytosis, a process in which the membranes of secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane releasing the contents of the vesicle into the extracellular medium. The process has been studied in particular depth for the release of neurotransmitters at the synapse. Import into the cell is possible by the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis in which selected plasma membrane proteins are internalizes; when these proteins are receptors for macromolecules, the result is uptake of the macromolecule. Transferring, the low-density lipoprotein, and asialoglycoproteins are all taken up into cells in this way. Phagocytosis, the ingestion of cells and cell fragments by neutrophils and macrophages, also involves receptors - on the phagocytic membrane - of which the best studied are those for the Fc domain of IgG, for the third component of complement, and for the mannose/fructose carbohydrates. Protection of a host against infection can also be achieved by damaging the integrity of the plasma membrane of the invading organism. This is the strategy evolved by the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which produce a pore-forming toxin, perforin. Volume 4 of Biomembranes explores the structures and mechanisms involved in these biologically and medically important processes.
The third edition of this long-serving successful reference work is
a 'must-have' reference for anyone needing or desiring an
understanding of the structure, chemistry, properties, production
and uses of starches and their derivatives. * Includes specific information on corn, wheat, potato, rice, and new chapters on rye, oat and barley (including waxy barley) starches * Covers the isolation processes, properties, functionalities, and uses of the most commonly used starches. * Explores the genetics, biochemistry, and physical structure of starches * Presents current and emerging application trends for starch
Volume 3 of Biomembranes covers receptors of cell adhesion and
cellular recognition. Proteins in the plasma membrane of cells are
heavily involved in processes of cell adhesion, but such proteins
were not actually isolated and characterized until the mid-1970s.
Since then, application of the methods of molecular biology has led
to the recognition of four major classes of cell adhesion molecule
(CAMs), the immunoglobulin super family, the cadherins, the
integrins, and the selecting. A convenient system in which to study
the importance of cell adhesion is in blood platelets where
aggregation eventually leads to thrombus formation in a process
involving a range of surface glycoproteins. Interaction with the
extracellular matrix is exemplified by CD44, the receptor for
hyaluronan, and a complex carbohydrate that is a major component of
the extracellular matrix surrounding migrating and proliferating
cells. Membrane-associated mucins have a variety of effects on cell
adhesion. The super family of immunoglobulin related proteins also
include the T cell receptors and the major histocompatibility
complex (MHC), which, together with the receptors for
immunoglobulins (the Fc receptors), are of fundamental importance
in the processes of immunity. Volume 3 of Biomembranes explores the
structures and functions of the molecules involved in these
important functions of the cell.
This book focuses on the life and work of Nathan Zuntz (1847-1920),
a German physiologist, who made significant contributions to high
altitude physiology and aviation medicine.
Single molecule techniques, including single molecule fluorescence, optical tweezers, and scanning probe microscopy, allow for the manipulation and measurement of single biological molecules within a live cell or in culture. These approaches, amongst the most exciting tools available in biology today, offer powerful new ways to elucidate biological function, both in terms of revealing mechanisms of action on a molecular level as well as tracking the behaviour of molecules in living cells. This book provides the first complete and authoritative treatment of this rapidly emerging field, explicitly from a biological perspective. The contents are organized by biological system or molecule.
Each chapter discusses insights that have been revealed about their
mechanism, structure or function by single molecule techniques.
Among the topics covered are enzymes, motor proteins, membrane
channels, DNA, ribozymes, cytoskeletal proteins, and other key
molecules of current interest. An introduction by the editor
provides a concise review of key principles and an historical
overview. The last section discusses applications in molecular
diagnostics and drug discovery. * Organized by biological system or molecule. * Each chapter discusses insights into mechanism of action, structure, and function * Covers enzymes, motor proteins, membrane channels, DNA, ribozymes, etc. * Includes an introduction to key principles and an historical overview. * Discusses applications in molecular diagnostics and drug discovery. * Provides an expert's perspective on future developments. |
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