Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is a ubiquitous internalization process in eukaryotic cells. It consists of the formation of an approximately 50-nm diameter vesicle out of a flat membrane. Genetics, biochemistry, and microscopy experiments performed in the last four decades have been instrumental to discover and characterize major endocytic proteins in yeast and mammals. However, due to the highly dynamic nature of the endocytic assembly and its small size, many questions remain unresolved: how are endocytic proteins organized spatially and dynamically? How are forces produced and how are their directions controlled? How do the biochemical activities of endocytic proteins and the membrane shape and mechanics regulate each other? These questions are virtually impossible to visualize or measure directly with conventional approaches but thanks to new quantitative biology methods, it is now possible to infer the mechanisms of endocytosis in exquisite detail. This book introduces quantitative microscopy and mathematical modeling approaches that have been used to count the copy number of endocytic proteins, infer their localization with nanometer precision, and infer molecular and physical mechanisms that are involved in the robust formation of endocytic vesicles.

Stress and Inflammation in Disorders, Volume 108, the newest volume in this ongoing series, brings forth new information on protocols and analysis of proteins. This volume covers the latest on Oxidative Stress: Love and Hate History in the Central Nervous System, Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: The Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenolic Nutraceuticals, Inflammation in Epileptic Encephalopathies, A Computational Approach to Identify the Biophysical and Structural Aspect of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Mutations (A222V, E429A and R594Q) Leading to Schizophrenia, and Analyzing the Effect of V66M Mutation in BDNF in Causing MOOD Disorders- A Computational Approach. Each release in the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series is an essential resource for protein chemists, with each thematically organized volume guest edited by leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics.

Molecular Biology of Aging, the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, focuses on placental development and disease.

Protein Kinases in Development and Disease discusses and reviews important, but often neglected, kinases. A good representation of current model organisms from plants and C. elegans to mice are used as the basis to illustrate how we can use our understanding of normal development to learn about disease.

T-box Genes in Development and Disease looks at the genes encoding the T-box family of transcription factors function as key regulators of many important decision processes during embryonic and tissue development. The importance of these genes is further underlined by the fact that most members of this gene family have been conserved during evolution from worms to humans. This book brings together the current information on conserved aspects with the evolutionary innovations of the functions of these genes during developmental regulation in various animal species and then discusses their important roles in human disease.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology (IRCMB), Volume 330 includes comprehensive and detailed reviews on the current advances in cell and molecular biology. The IRCMB series has a world-wide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. The articles published in IRCMB have a high impact and an average cited half-life of nine years. IRCMB ranks high amongst scientific journals dealing with cell biology.

Introduction to Cancer Metastasis provides, in one place, an overview of organ-specific cancer metastasis and the most common sites of cancer metastasis. Through specific chapters on individual primary cancers, their metastasis, and chapters on common metastatic sites, this volume comprehensively informs readers about the broader knowledge base in cancer metastasis. The process of metastasis is particularly responsible for making cancer so lethal. This volume explores both metastasis from sites of origin and common metastatic sites, thus increasing understanding of both perspectives.

Molecular and Cellular Changes in the Cancer Cell,the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, includes a comprehensive summary of the evidence accumulated thus far on the molecular and cellular regulation of the various adaptations taking place in response to exercise. This volume examines some of the latest advances, highlighting some of the most important molecular and cellular alterations and environmental influences that collectively cause a normal cell to become cancerous. Special emphasis is given to changes that take place at the molecular and cellular level.

Plasma Membrane Shaping summarizes current knowledge on how cells shape their membrane. Organized in four sections, the book opens with a broad overview of the plasma membrane, its composition, usual shapes and substructures, Actin/WASP/arp2/3 structures, BAR domains, and Ankyrin repeat domains, dynamin, and phospholipid signaling. Other sections cover the shaping of the plasma membrane for transport processes, discussions on exosomes, microvesicles, and endosomes, clathrin-coated pits, caveolae, and other endocytic pits, membrane deformation for cell movement, and some of the most current dry and wet lab research techniques to investigate cellular membrane shaping. This is an ideal resource for new researchers coming into this area as well as for graduate students. The methods section will be of interest to both microscopists and computer scientists dedicated to the visualization, data collection, and analysis of plasma membrane shaping experiments.

Early Stage Protein Misfolding and Amyloid Aggregation, Volume 329, the latest in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series presents comprehensive reviews and current advances in cell and molecular biology, including articles that address the structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. The series has a worldwide readership and maintains a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics as authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology, Volume 328 is the latest release in this series that publishes comprehensive and detailed reviews on current advances in cell and molecular biology. The IRCMB series has a world-wide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. The articles published in IRCMB have a high impact and an average cited half-life of 9 years. IRCMB ranks high amongst scientific journals dealing with Cell Biology.

Recent studies in human genetics and in silico analyses have revealed that a number of genes are head-head orientated with other genes or non-coding RNAs. The expression of regulatory element-containing 5'-upstream regions of gene pairs are referred to as bi-directional promoters and are thought to have a key role in biological regulatory mechanisms. For example, tumor suppressor protein-encoding TP53 and BRCA1 genes are head-head bound with WRAP53 and NBR2, respectively. DNA-repair factor-encoding ATM and PRKDC (DNA-PKcs) genes have bidirectional partner NPAT and MCM4, respectively. Surveillance of the human DNA database has revealed that the numbers of DNA repair/mitochondrial function/immune response-associated genes are bound with other genes that are transcribed to opposite direction. The observations may encourage us to investigate in the molecular mechanisms how DNA repair/mitochondrial function/immune response-associated genes are regulated by bidirectional promoters. Not only protein-coding genes, but also quite a few ncRNAs, which play important roles in various cellular events, are transcribed under the regulation of the bidirectional promoters. More importantly, we know that dysregulation in the promoter activity and transcription initiation of genes might cause human diseases.

Cancer Stem Cells: Targeting the Roots of Cancer, Seeds of Metastasis, and Sources of Therapy Resistance introduces the basic concepts and advanced understanding of cancer stem cells, covering general overviews, organ-specific identifications, and their characteristic mechanisms. The book also explores innovative therapeutic strategies in preclinical and clinical trials to target cancer stem cells, remove the roots of cancer, eliminate the seeds of metastasis, overcome the resistance of therapies, and contribute to the eradication of cancer. The book includes contributions from leading, worldwide experts in the field, helping readers embrace new hope in their quest to eradicate cancer with emerging clinical trials on treating cancer stem cells in combination with other therapies.

Insights into Enzyme Mechanisms and Functions from Experimental and Computational Methods is the latest volume in the popular Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series, an essential resource for protein chemists. Each volume brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins, with each thematically organized volume guest edited by leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics.

Droplets of Life: Membrane-Less Organelles, Biomolecular Condensates, and Biological Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation provides foundational information on the biophysics, biogenesis, structure, functions, and roles of membrane-less organelles. The study of liquid-liquid phase separation has attracted a lot of attention from disciplines such as cell biology, biophysics, biochemistry, and others trying to understand how, why, and what roles these condensates play in homeostasis and disease states in living organisms. This book's editor recruited a group of international experts to provide a current and authoritative overview of all aspects associated with this exciting area. Sections introduce membrane-less organelles (MLOs) and biomolecular condensates; MLOs in different sizes, shapes, and composition; and the formation of MLOs due to phase separation and how it can tune reactions, organize the intracellular environment, and provide a role in cellular fitness. .

Septins provides established septin and molecular and developmental biologists and researchers new to the field with proven, state-of-art techniques and relevant historical background and theory to aid efficient design and effective implementation of experimental methodologies. Topics include the purification of septin proteins from diverse systems, their visualization in live cells, and their analysis by a variety of cutting-edge microscopy approaches.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology presents comprehensive reviews and current advances in cell and molecular biology, and includes articles that address the structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. The series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics as authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science provides a forum for discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their fields and abundant references.

The Zebrafish: Cellular and Developmental Biology, Part B Developmental Biology, the second volume on the topic in the Methods in Cell Biology series, looks at methods for analyzing cellular and developmental biology of zebrafish. Chapters cover such topics as cell biology and developmental and neural biology.

The Zebrafish: Cellular and Developmental Biology, Part A Cellular Biology, is the latest edition in the Methods in Cell Biology series that looks at methods for analyzing cellular and developmental biology of zebrafish. Chapters cover such topics as cell biology and developmental and neural biology.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology presents comprehensive reviews and current advances in cell and molecular biology, and includes articles that address the structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. The series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists.