The Mechanics of Inhaled Pharmaceutical Aerosols: An Introduction, Second Edition provides a concise, but thorough exposition of fundamental concepts in the field of pharmaceutical aerosols. This revised edition will allow researchers in the field to gain a thorough understanding of the field from first principles, allowing them to understand, design, develop and improve inhaled pharmaceutical aerosol devices and therapies. Chapters consider mechanics and deposition, specifically in the respiratory tract, while others discuss the mechanics associated with the three existing types of pharmaceutical inhalation devices. This text will be very useful for academics and for courses taught at both undergraduate and graduate levels. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of this book, it will also serve a wide audience that includes engineers and scientists involved with inhaled aerosol therapies.

Understanding Process Equipment for Operators and Engineers explains how process equipment functions. As problems often arise in plants that must be solved by unit engineers, this book offers successful solutions and methods for their implementation. The concepts explained are based on Norm Lieberman's personal, hands-on experience. Like you, Norm attended a university and was exposed to technical seminars which did not always provide the needed solutions. In this text, you will learn the functioning of a variety of equipment types, including Fired Heater Draft, Centrifugal Pump Head, Distillation Tray Efficiency, Vacuum Jets, Recip Compressors, Steam Turbines, Thermosyphon Circulation Reboilers and Air Cooler.

FOCAPD-19/Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, July 14 - 18, 2019, compiles the presentations given at the Ninth International Conference on Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, FOCAPD-2019. It highlights the meetings held at this event that brings together researchers, educators and practitioners to identify new challenges and opportunities for process and product design.

Global E-waste Management Strategies and Future Implications provides in-depth information about the global E-waste problem and the potential opportunities. Part 1 of this book starts with the introduction to the E-waste, sources, critical composition, and associated challenges & opportunities. Part 2 of this book further elaborates detailed overview of the current trends in E-waste management and existing treatment options (hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, bioleaching and biohydrometallurgy) and its implications. The book also discloses the critical implications of the secondary pollutants on the environment and human health with special emphasis on the informal recycling practices in the developing nations. Part 3 deals with the existing regulations in developed and developing countries which are illustrated using case studies for effective understanding and to bridge the gaps between the developed and developing nations. Part 4 of this book includes scientific and technical information to get a better vision and understanding of the most advanced and innovative methods for E-waste management such as life cycle assessment (LCA), tax credit, extended producer responsibility (EPR), extended consumer responsibility (ECR) which is explained systematically with case studies. Part 5 of this book covers the best E-waste management practises, such as reduce, recycle, recover and reuse (4R) principles, circular resource management, value out of waste (VoW), solutions for smart cities, green product design etc., which is explained using the ideal case studies. Part 6 summarizes the transition towards sustainability.

Horizons in Sustainable Industrial Chemistry and Catalysis, Volume 178, presents a comprehensive picture of recent developments in terms of sustainable industrial processes and the catalytic needs and opportunities to develop these novel routes. Each chapter includes an introduction and state-of-the-art in the field, along with a series of specific aspects and examples. The book identifies new opportunities for research that will help us transition to low carbon and sustainable energy and chemical production. Users will find an integrated view of the new possibilities in this area that unleashes new possibilities in energy and chemistry.

Basic Equations of Mass Transport Through a Membrane Layer, Second Edition, has been fully updated to deliver the latest research in the field. This volume covers the essentials of compound separation, product removal, concentration, and production in the chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries. It outlines the various membrane processes and their applications, offering a detailed mathematical description of mass transport and defining basic mass transport and concentration distribution expressions. Additionally, this book discusses the process parameters and application of the expressions developed for a variety of industrial applications. Comprehensive explanations of convective/diffusive mass transport are provided, both with and without polarization layers, that help predict and process performance and facilitate improvements to operation conditions and efficiency. Basic Equations of Mass Transport Through a Membrane Layer is an ideal resource for engineers and technologists in the chemical, biochemical, and pharmaceutical industries, as well as researchers, professors, and students in these areas at both an undergraduate and graduate level.

Alternative energy resources are on great emphasis keeping the on growing global energy crisis and environmental protection in mind. Advancement in scientific research and development have shown the light to tackle the problem with better technology and optimum resource utilization. Green Approach on Alternative Fuel for Sustainable Future addresses the advancement of biological and biochemical technologies in context to alternative fuel synthesis. This book emphasises and discusses the technology involved and development on the status of alternative fuel production and related aspects. The potential uses of waste material to turn them into wealth, as alternative energy sources also been discussed. The extended and detail content of the book also covers the promising uses of microalgae treatment to produce biofuel. By not be limited to the biological aspect the book also discusses and explores the perspective of green chemistry for energy production. By adding policy and commercialization into the book content, the book provides comprehensive information, from lab to field, with extensive illustrations, case studies, summary tables, and up-to-date references.

Graphene Surfaces: Particles and Catalysts focuses on the surface chemistry and modification of graphene and its derivatives from a theoretical and electrochemical point-of-view. It provides a comprehensive overview of their electronic structure, synthesis, properties and general applications in catalysis science, including their relevance in alcohols and their derivatives oxidation, oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, energy storage, corrosion protection and supercapacitors. The book also covers emerging research on graphene chemistry and its impact. Chemical engineers, materials scientists, electrochemists and engineers will find information that will answer their most pressing questions on the surface aspects of graphene and its effect on catalysis.

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Membrane Processes in the Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological field presents the main membrane techniques along with their basic principles, mode of operations, and applications. It covers well-known techniques such as ultrafiltration and membrane chromatography, while also exploring emerging membrane technologies which are finding their way in pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, including membrane emulsification, membrane bioreactors, and solvent-resistant nanofiltration. State-of-the-art applications of membrane systems in areas such as drug delivery and virus removal are also investigated by leading experts in the field. Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Membrane Processes in the Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological field is a definitive reference for academics, post-graduates, and researchers in the subjects of biochemical engineering, pharmaceutics, and biotechnology. It is also useful to R&D companies and institutions in these areas, specifically those interested in bioseparations, biopurification, bioproduction, and drug delivery.

Methods in Chemical Process Safety, Volume Three, addresses the most important challenges, recent advancements and contributions in chemical process safety. The work helps researchers and professionals obtain guidance on the selection and practice of chemical process safety methods. Chapters in the book cover Experimental Methods, Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, Safety Measures, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards, Emerging/Unique Scenarios, and more. Users will find a complete guide that presents tactics in process safety management that are now globally recognized as the primary approach for establishing a high level of safety in operations. As process safety is now a disciplined framework for managing the integrity of operating systems and processes handling hazardous substances, and because continued occurrence of major losses have had a significant impact on the industry's approaches to modern process safety, this book is a must have for those in the industry.

Micro Fluidization: Fundamentals and Applications provides background and history on micro fluidized bed research and development, summarizes and analyzes the hydrodynamic characteristics of gas-solid micro fluidized beds, and delves into areas such as research results of delayed onsets of minimum, bubbling and slugging fluidization regimes, as well as of the advanced transitions to turbulent and fast fluidization regimes. Based on these results, the wall effects - the key mechanism resulting in the unique behavior of micro fluidization - are analyzed. Other sections discuss gas and solid mixing characteristics in terms of gas residence time distribution, gas backmixing, and solids mixing. Final sections focus on presentations of the so-called micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA) - a powerful tool for catalyst screening, process development, optimization of reaction parameters, studies of reaction mechanism and kinetics, among many other purposes. The book describes, in detail, the MFBRA's system design characteristics, analytic methodologies and various applications in thermochemical and catalytic reaction analysis.

Advances in Water Purification Techniques: Meeting the Needs of Developed and Developing Countries provides a variety of approaches to water purification that can help assist readers with their research and applications. Water contamination problems occur frequently worldwide, hence the most updated knowledge on water purification systems can be helpful in employing the right type of filter or other mechanism of decontamination. The problems with arsenic contamination of water in Bangladesh and the lead problem in Flint, Michigan remind us of the need to monitor water pollution rigorously, from both point and non-point sources.

Advanced Nanomaterials for Catalysis and Energy: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications outlines new approaches to the synthesis of nanomaterials (synthesis in flow conditions, laser electrodispersion of single metals or alloys on carbon or oxide supports, mechanochemistry, sol-gel routes, etc.) to provide systems with a narrow particle size distribution, controlled metal-support interaction and nanocomposites with uniform spatial distribution of domains of different phases, even in dense sintered materials. Methods for characterization of real structure and surface properties of nanomaterials are discussed, including synchrotron radiation diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies, neutronography, transmission/scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis, and more. The book covers the effect of nanosystems' composition, bulk and surface properties, metal-support interaction, particle size and morphology, deposition density, etc. on their functional properties (transport features, catalytic activity and reaction mechanism). Finally, it includes examples of various developed nanostructured solid electrolytes and mixed ionic-electronic conductors as materials in solid oxide fuel cells and asymmetric supported membranes for oxygen and hydrogen separation.

Carbon-Based Nanofillers and Their Rubber Nanocomposites: Carbon Nano-Objects presents their synthetic routes, characterization and structural properties, and the effect of nano fillers on rubber nanocomposites. The synthesis and characterization of all carbon-based fillers is discussed, along with their morphological, thermal, mechanical, dynamic mechanical and rheological properties. In addition, the book covers the theory, modeling and simulation aspects of these nanocomposites, along with various applications. Users will find this a unique contribution to the field of rubber science and technology that is ideal for graduates, post graduates, engineers, research scholars, polymer engineers, polymer technologists, and those in biomedical fields.

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Photocatalytic Membranes and Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors offers a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art in the area of PMs and PMRs. The book gives an overview of the basis of photocatalysis and membrane separation and the basic aspects of photocatalytic membranes and photocatalytic membrane reactors, along with their applications, modeling, and the economic aspects of PMs and PMRs. The book addresses the main issues associated with PMRs design and tries to predict how long it will be before laboratory scale models can be scaled to the PMR industry.

Current Trends and Future Developments in (Bio-) Membranes: Renewable Energy Integrated with Membrane Operations offers an overview of advanced technologies in the field of water desalination, wastewater treatment and hydrogen production that is coupled with renewable energy sources. Membrane processes are well-recognized technologies in the field of water and wastewater treatment. This book reviews their potential and lists new technologies which allow for the use of solar, hydroelectric, wind, hydrothermal and other forms of renewable energy with the same effect. In addition, it highlights what has already been achieved in the integration of membrane reactors and energy produced by biomass.

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Membrane Desalination Systems: The Next Generation explores recent developments and future perspectives in the area of membrane desalination systems. It includes fundamental principles, the different types of smart nano-structured materials, energy and brine disposal issues, design approaches and the environmental impact of membrane desalination technology. The book provides an extensive review of literature in the area of membranes for desalination systems of low energy consumption and discusses the membrane modelling necessary for desalination system validation in achieving high water recovery, low energy and near-zero liquid discharge.