Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Loss Prevention and Disaster Management, Volume Two provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries and prepares special solutions based on their types. The book focuses on loss prevention and disaster management in petrochemical industries from different points-of-view. Sections review methods for making the apparatus safer and continue with discussions on the process of facing and managing disasters during the occurrence. Final sections cover loss and economic analysis after disasters and methods of reversibility are presented with case studies from around the world.

Natural Materials-based Green Composites 1: Plant Fibers explores several important plant fiber-based materials such as wood fibers, vegetable fibers, jute fibers, stalk fibers and hemp fibers. The book provides introductory information and various innovative applications of most important plant fiber-based materials such as wood fibers, vegetable fibers, jute fibers, stalk fibers, and hemp fibers.It investigates their structure and provides various innovative applications and discusses the microstructure of wood and mechanical properties of green wood-based composites (GWC), eco-friendly applications of green composites as building materials, and applications in wastewater treatment. The book also discusses seaweed and cotton fibers for their applications as adhesive and in reinforcement.The book is complemented by Natural Materials-based Green Composites 2: Biomass that deals with a broad range of material types, including natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, particulate composites, fiberboard, wood fiber composites, and plywood composite that utilize natural, renewable, and biodegradable agricultural biomass.

Complexity and Complex Ecological Systems covers the basic aspects of analysis, synthesis and optimization of ecological systems. The book focuses on the study of environmental systems, presenting how organisms behave and live with each other in unique physical environs. It covers ecology-related topics, such as biological diversity in fluid systems, living complexity behavior, and organismic changes in unique environments, as well as other ecological problems such as biological organization, life with each other, energy degradation, gradient reduction, organisms' adaptation, population dynamics, spatial patterns, ecological integrity, sustainability and environmental strategies. This complexity-oriented book complements Sieniutycz' recently published books Complexity and Complex Thermo-Economic Systems and Complexity and Complex Chemo-Electric Systems.

Technological Advancements in Product Valorization of Tea Waste focuses on recent and advanced topics involved with technologies for valorization of tea waste. The book elaborately explains the fundamental concepts of utilization of such waste in the process of conversion as well as current research accomplishments. It emphasizes technologies involved in the major areas of extraction of several important biomolecules like tea polyphenols, polysaccharides for human bioactivity, metal-based nanomaterial synthesis for environmental removal of aquatic pollutants, generation of various different forms of bioenergy including biogas, biodiesel and bioethanol and advanced applications of tea waste in various emerging sectors. Industries covered include the polymer industry, biorefineries, electrical manufacturing and electrochemistry.

Biomedical Applications of Green Composites reviews the use of green composite materials in drug delivery, with a focus on capsules, resins and ceramides in biomedical fields. Chapters present green composites of polymeric origin and targeted delivery of drugs into various parts of the human body. Other sections in the book cover topics related to the applications of green composites in areas such as antimicrobial agents, pathogen control, surgical applications, dentistry and cancer therapy.

Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes: Membrane Technologies in Environmental Protection and Public Health- Challenges and Opportunities illustrates the application of membrane technology used in separation processes, along with the advantages of membranes in comparison with other types of separation methods. In addition, the book illustrates new approaches for pollution monitoring and helps researchers develop new membrane systems for air or water pollution monitoring. Sections focus on the application of membrane technology to new membranes, hence it is ideal for R&D managers in industry and a variety of others, including academic researchers and postgraduate students working in strategic treatment, separation and purification processes.

Wastewaters generated from food production and agricultural activities are a source of environmental pollution due to their huge amount of nutrients, organic carbon, nitrogenous organics, inorganics, suspended and dissolved solids, and high biochemical and chemical oxygen demands. Advanced Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: Food Processing Industry provides an update on emerging technologies including oxidative and anaerobic processes (flotation, coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, primary settling, secondary activated sludge, anaerobic digestion), ion exchange, membrane-based operations, adsorption/bio-sorption and advanced biological treatment to provide safe and clean water as well as to recover primary resources from food processing wastewaters. In addition, the integration of these technologies will be also considered in the logic of the process intensification strategy. Innovative and affordable solutions are proposed in the field of fruit and vegetable processing industry, fishing industry, meat and poultry industry, dairy production, oil and fat processing.

Advances in Chemical Engineering serial, Volume 60 highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

Industrial wastewater contains a large variety of compounds, such as hazardous organic pollutants, heavy metals, salts and nutrients, which makes its treatment challenging. On the other hand, the sewage treatment with existing technologies is not cost-effective due to high energy demand and contributes to greenhouse gas emission. Thus, the use of conventional water treatment methods is neither sustainable nor always effective. In this sense, BESs has emerged as a promising technology to treat complex industrial wastewater with a sustainable manner. Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes: Bioelectrochemical Systems for Wastewater Management analyses and discusses the potential of microbial and electrochemical based hybrid processes for the treatment of complex industrial wastewater along with the recovery of valuable compounds and water reutilization. The most significant advantages of BES are high effectiveness, low toxicity, gentle operation conditions, environmentally friendly treatment without sludge accumulation and energy conservation. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are emerging as an exciting platform to convert chemical energy of organic wastes into electricity or hydrogen or value-added chemical commodities. In addition, recent and future trends in BES are highlighted.

Photoelectrocatalysis: Fundamentals and Applications presents an in-depth review of the topic for students and researchers working on photoelectrocatalysis-related subjects from pure chemistry to materials and environmental chemistry in order to propose applications and new perspectives. The main advantage of a photoelectrocatalytic process is the mild experimental conditions under which the reactions are carried out, which are often possible at atmospheric pressure and room temperature using cheap and nontoxic solvents (e.g., water), oxidants (e.g., O2 from the air), catalytic materials (e.g., TiO2 on Ti layer), and the potential exploitation of solar light. This book presents the fundamentals and the applications of photoelectrocatalysis, such as hydrogen production from water splitting, the remediation of harmful compounds, and CO2 reduction. Photoelectrocatalytic reactors and light sources, in addition to kinetic aspects, are presented along with an exploration of the relationship between photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. In addition, photocorrosion issues and the application of selective photoelectrocatalytic organic transformations, which is now a growing field of research, are also reported. Finally, the advantages/disadvantages and future perspectives of photoelectrocatalysis are highlighted through the possibility of working at a pilot/industrial scale in environmentally friendly conditions.

Environmental Applications of Microbial Nanotechnology: Emerging Trends in Environmental Remediation discusses emerging trends and recent advancements in environmental remediation. The book provides environmental applications of microbial nanotechnology that helps readers understand novel microbial systems and take advantage of recent advances in microbial nanotechnologies. It highlights established research and technology on microbial nanotechnology's environmental applications, moves to rapidly emerging aspects and then discusses future research directions. The book provides researchers in academia and industry with a high-tech start-up that will revolutionize the modern environmental applications of microbial nanotechnology research.

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Purification and Separation considers different common and novel processes for the purification of produced syngas, such as absorption, adsorption, membrane, cryogenic distillation and particulate separation technologies in addition to thermal and oxidative processes for tar removal. The role of various catalysts or materials in absorption, adsorption and membrane processes are discussed in separate chapters to address each in more detail.

Integrated Membrane Reactors explores recent developments and future perspectives in the area of membrane reactor (MR) systems. It includes fundamental principles, the different types of membrane materials (such as polymeric and inorganic), the different types of membrane reactors (such as Micro MRs, Enzymatic MRS, Photo-catalytic MRs, Pervaporation MRs, Electrochemical MRs, etc.), their industrial perspective and, finally, there also is an economic evaluation of the metallic MRs. The book provides an extensive review in the area of MRs for each kind of application present in the specialized literature and discusses their modelling and design approaches necessary for MR systems validation in achieving high conversions, energy savings, high yields and high hydrogen (or others) products of the reactions studied.

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Production and Preparation is a collection of various chapters concerning many aspects of syngas production technologies, including common methods like gasification, steam/dry/autothermal reforming, membrane technology, etc., along with novel methods like plasma technology, micro-reactors, electrolysis processes as well as photocatalytic systems. In addition, different sources for producing syngas, including oil, crude oil, heavy oil, microalgae, black liquor, tar and bitumen, as well as municipal, agricultural, food, plastic, wood and cardboard wastes are described in detail.

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Products and Usage considers the applications and usages of syngas for producing different chemical materials such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, methane, ammonia, and more. In addition, power generation in fuel cells, or in combination with heat from syngas, as well as iron reduction with economic and environmental challenges for syngas utilization are described in detail.

Advances in Synthesis Gas: Methods, Technologies and Applications: Syngas Process Modelling and Apparatus Simulation consists of numerical modeling and simulation of different processes and apparatus for producing syngas, purifying it as well as synthesizing different chemical materials or generating heat and energy from syngas. These apparatus and processes include, but are not limited to, reforming, gasification, partial oxidation, swing technologies and membranes.

Cellulases in the Biofuel Industry discusses how the properties of cellulases affects the quality of the biofuels produced. Heralded as the solution to humanity's energy problem and the savior of the world's climate, extensive research is being carried out on biofuels but there are still gaps in our understanding. This book presents cost-effective and current scenarios for cellulase production in the biofuel industry, including the most recent advancements for obtaining cellulases with higher activity on pre-treated biomass substrates by screening and sequencing new organisms, engineering cellulases with improved properties, and by identifying proteins that can stimulate cellulases. The mechanism and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system on cellulose is discussed with the specific classification of each cellulase enzyme, as well as explanations of the limitation of cellulases in terms of their production processes, efficiency and practical applications to biofuels. Various approaches to improve the production and efficiency of the cellulase enzyme system are evaluated, along with the current limitations that are hampering cost-effective production of cellulase and guidance on how these limitations might be resolved.

Electrospun and Nanofibrous Membranes: Principles and Applications covers the fundamental basic science and many engineering aspects of electrospun membrane technology and nanofibers, membrane design and membrane processes. The book comprehensively reviews a wide range of applications including pressure-driven processes, MD process, batteries, oil-water separation, air filtration, drug delivery, fuel-cells, and ion-exchange membranes, as well as antimicrobial membranes. Electrospun and Nanofibrous Membranes will be useful for a range of audiences: chemical, polymer, and materials engineers; professors and graduate students working on membrane-based separation technology and electrospun nanofibers; as well as R&D engineers in industry working with applications including water and wastewater treatment, desalination, drug delivery and tissue engineering, new generation of batteries, fuel cells, and air filtration.

Synthesis, Characterization and Applications of Graphitic Carbon Nitride: An Uprising Carbonaceous Material offers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations relating to graphitic carbon nitride-based systems, elaborately covering all the aspects of carbon nitride as chemical stable and pollution-free materials that are easy to prepare in a cost-effective way, along with their applications in photocatalytic degradation of pollutants, photocatalytic hydrogen generation, carbon dioxide reduction, disinfection, sensors and supercapacitors. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a fascinating visible light photocatalyst, which possesses many properties that can be used for many applications. This makes the book an indispensable reference for (post)-graduate students, researchers in academia and industry, and engineers working in the field of graphitic carbon-nitride-based systems.

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Solid-State Energy Storage - A Path to Environmental Sustainability offers an in-depth analysis of the synthesis methods, manufacturing techniques and underlying mechanisms of ionic and electronic-ion transport in various single phase and multi-phase components for electric power storage, such as lithium and sodium ion batteries, sulfur batteries, and lithium-metal electrochemical systems. Though solid-state batteries are not yet available on the market, many large corporations and small companies pursue the goal of implementing this technology for numerous applications and its transfer to other markets.

Shock Compression and Chemical Reaction of Multifunctional Energetic Structural Materials provides an exhaustive overview of the mechanics, kinetics and physio-chemical behavior caused by shock-induced reaction and shock compression on multifunctional energetic structural materials (MESMs). The book covers foundational knowledge on shock waves and Equation of State (EOS), shock parameters, reaction kinetics, impedance matching, and more. In addition, it looks at more advanced subjects such as experimental analysis methods, numerical modeling techniques (from quasi-static to high-strain rates, including void collapse models), how EOS changes when reaction and detonation are involved, and more. Final chapters cover how to obtain EOS curves from experiments and various testing methods and numerical models for non-reactive porous solids and particulate composites, including 1-D reactive flow models. Flyer plate impact experiments are also discussed, as are the applications of hydrocodes and Lagrangian-framework-based methods.

Emerging Techniques for Treatment of Toxic Metals from Wastewater explores the different physical and chemical methods that can be used to remove toxins from wastewater, including adsorption, solvent extraction, ion exchange, precipitation, filtration and photocatalytic degradation. Bringing together contributions from leading experts in the field, the book covers each of the different techniques in detail, combining emergent research outcomes with fundamental theoretical concepts to provide a clear appraisal of the different techniques available, along with their applications. It is an essential recourse for researchers, industrialists and students concerned with the remediation of toxic metals from water and wastewater.

Novel Approaches towards Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery Technologies discusses various cost-efficient aspects of wastewater treatment along with resource recovery options. The book covers biological wastewater treatment, the application of membranes and their modifications, advanced oxidation techniques, and the application of nanoparticles for the enhancement of performance as well as various integrated technologies for resource recovery along with pilot scale potentials. The book covers both domestic and industrial wastewaters and provides resources for sustainable solutions. It provides the basic fundamentals and recent updated data. Case studies are included to give the glimpse of the real-world application. Similarly, pilot scale studies are considered for real life implementation of the concept.

Advanced Nanomaterials and Their Applications in Renewable Energy, Second Edition presents timely topics related to nanomaterials' feasible synthesis and characterization and their application in the energy fields. The book examines the broader aspects of energy use, including environmental effects of disposal of Li-ion and Na batteries and reviews the main energy sources of today and tomorrow, from fossil fuels to biomass, hydropower, storage power and solar energy. The monograph treats energy carriers globally in terms of energy storage, transmission, and distribution, addresses fuel cell-based solutions in transportation, industrial, and residential building, considers synergistic systems, and more. This new edition also offers updated statistical data and references; a new chapter on the synchronous x-ray based analysis techniques and electron tomography, and if waste disposal of energy materials pose a risk to the microorganism in water, and land use; expanding coverage of renewable energy from the first edition; with newer color illustrations.