Pulp and Paper Industry: Chemical Recovery examines the scientific and technical advances that have been made in chemical recovery, including the very latest developments. It looks at general aspects of the chemical recovery process and its significance, black liquor evaporation, black liquor combustion, white liquor preparation, and lime reburning. The book also describes the technologies for chemical recovery of nonwood black liquor, as well as direct alkali regeneration systems in small pulp mills. In addition, it includes a discussion of alternative chemical recovery processes, i.e. alternative causticization and gasification processes, and the progress being made in the recovery of filler, coating color, and pigments. Furthermore, it discusses the utilization of new value streams (fuels and chemicals) from residuals and spent pulping liquor, including related environmental challenges.

This handbook provides a wide overview of the field, fundamental understanding of the synthetic methods and structure/property correlation, as well as studies related to applications in a wide range of subjects. The handbook also provides 1H and 13C NMR spectra, FTIR spectra, DSC and TGA thermograms to aid in research activities. Additional tables on key NMR and FTIR frequencies unique to benzoxazine, heat of polymerization, Tg, and char yield will greatly aid in the choice of proper benzoxazine for a specific application.

Solid-Solid, Fluid-Solid, Fluid-Fluid Mixers, part of the Industrial Equipment for Chemical Engineering set, presents an in-depth study of a variety of aspects within the field of chemical engineering. This volume is both theoretical and practical, focusing on emulsions of one liquid into another, the dispersal of a divided solid into a liquid, and a gas into a liquid. The book includes examples of mixtures of two powders, the process of dissolution of a powder in a liquid, and the homogenization of a pasty product. The types of devices needed, the criterion for homogeneity, the expended mechanical power, the flow processed, and the time required for the operation are also discussed. The author provides methods needed for understanding the equipment used in applied thermodynamics in the hope of encouraging students and engineers to self build the programs they need. Chapters are complemented with appendices that provide additional information and associated references.

Modern membrane engineering is critical to the development of process-intensification strategies and to the stimulation of industrial growth. Membrane Distillation (MD) is a broad reference that covers specific information on membranes available and methods for MD membrane preparation and characterization. The book offers an introduction to the terminology and fundamental concepts as well as a historical review of MD development. Commercial membranes used in MD as well as laboratory-made membranes, including emerging membranes, are described in detail and illustrated by a number of clear and instructive schematic drawings and images.

This second edition of Nanocrystalline Materials provides updated information on the development and experimental work on the synthesis, properties, and applications of nanocrystalline materials. Nanocrystalline materials with new functionalities show great promise for use in industrial applications - such as reinforcing fillers in novel polymer composites - and substantial progress has been made in the past decade in their synthesis and processing. This book focuses primarily on 1D semiconducting oxides and carbon nanotubes, 2D graphene sheets and 0D nanoparticles (metals and inorganic semiconductors). These materials are synthesized under different compositions, shapes and structures, exhibiting different chemical, physical and mechanical properties from their bulk counterparts. This second edition presents new topics relevant to the fast-paced development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, including the synthesis and application of nanomaterials for drug delivery, energy, printed flash memory, and luminescent materials. With contributions from leading experts, this book describes the fundamental theories and concepts that illustrate the complexity of developing novel nanocrystalline materials, and reviews current knowledge in the synthesis, microstructural characterization, physical and mechanical behavior, and application of nanomaterials.

Covering more than 7,800 organic and inorganic chemicals and hydrocarbons, Transport Properties of Chemical and Hydrocarbons, Second Edition is an essential volume for any chemist or chemical engineer. Spanning gases, liquids, and solids, the book covers all critical properties (including viscosity, thermal conductivity, and diffusion coefficient). From C1 to C100 organics and Ac to Zr inorganics, the data in this handbook is a perfect quick reference for field, lab, or classroom use. By collecting a massive - but relevant - amount of information in one source, the handbook enables engineers to spend more time developing new designs and processes, and less time collecting vital properties data. This is not a theoretical treatise, but an aid to the practicing engineer in the field, on day-to-day operations and long-range projects.

Thermodynamic Approaches in Engineering Systems responds to the need for a synthesizing volume that throws light upon the extensive field of thermodynamics from a chemical engineering perspective that applies basic ideas and key results from the field to chemical engineering problems. This book outlines and interprets the most valuable achievements in applied non-equilibrium thermodynamics obtained within the recent fifty years. It synthesizes nontrivial achievements of thermodynamics in important branches of chemical and biochemical engineering. Readers will gain an update on what has been achieved, what new research problems could be stated, and what kind of further studies should be developed within specialized research.

Nanocolloids: A Meeting Point for Scientists and Technologists presents an easy-to-read approach to current trends in nanoscale colloid chemistry, which offers relatively simple and economically feasible ways to produce nanomaterials. Nanocolloids have been the subjects of major development in modern technology, with many current and future applications. The book helps scientists and technologists to understand the different aspects of modern nanocolloid science. It outlines the underlying fundamental principles of nanocolloid science and covers applications ranging from emulsions to dispersions and suspensions. You will find details on experimental techniques and methods for the synthesis and characterization of nanocolloids, including the latest developments in nanoemulsions and nanoparticles.

Inherent Safety at Chemical Sites: Reducing Vulnerability to Accidents and Terrorism Through Green Chemistry highlights the use of green chemistry principles to identify and address serious threats and potential consequences caused by accidental and deliberate industrial chemical releases. Through valuable case studies, the book suggests wholesale replacements of hazardous chemicals with benign and inherently safer, or "greener," materials. More than physical security barriers and plans, such preventative measures better guarantee the safety of industrial employees and nearby residents. This valuable primer begins with an introduction to the concepts of green chemistry and outlines the various ways that a green approach to chemical design, production, and management is not only good for the planet, but also serves to protect people and infrastructure from terrorist acts. Specific examples and case studies are cited to illustrate what has been done to advance this cause, and offer guidance to those decision-makers who similarly aspire to greater safety and security for the people and resources they manage.

Transition Metal Catalyzed Furans Synthesis provides an overview of Furans, describing properties of these heterocycle compounds and covering traditional synthetic procedures for them. This book then explores catalyzed procedures for Furans synthesis in greater detail and depth then is currently available in published Reviews. Finally, this useful short work discusses natural products and bio-active compounds containing Furans, information of particular interest for their applications to medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry. The short series Transition Metal Catalyzed Heterocycles Synthesis Series, authored by Xiao-Feng Wu, summarizes recent achievements on heterocycles synthesis with transition metal as the catalysts, with each volume dedicated to one heterocycle compound.

Photobioreaction Engineering, the latest edition in the Advances in Chemical Engineering series, a serial that was established in 1960, and remains one of great importance to organic chemists, polymer chemists, and many biological scientists, includes contributions from established authorities in the field who combine descriptive chemistry and mechanistic insight to create an understanding of how the chemistry drives the properties.

AGITATOR DESIGN FOR GAS-LIQUID FERMENTERS AND BIOREACTORS Explore the basic principles and concepts of the design of agitation systems for fermenters and bioreactors Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors delivers a -concise treatment and explanation of how to design mechanically sound agitation systems that will perform the agitation process function efficiently and economically. The book covers agitator fundamentals, impeller systems, optimum power and air flow at peak mass transfer calculations, optimizing operation for minimum energy per batch, heat transfer surfaces and calculations, shaft seal considerations, mounting methods, mechanical design, and vendor evaluation. The accomplished author has created a practical and hands-on tool that discusses the subject of agitation systems from first principles all the way to implementation in the real world. Step-by-step processes are included throughout the book to assist engineers, chemists, and other scientists in the design, construction, installation, and maintenance of these systems. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the design of gas-liquid fermenters and bioreactors An exploration of agitator fundamentals, impeller systems, optimum power, and air flow at peak mass transfer calculations A discussion of how to optimize operation for minimum energy per batch Step-by-step processes to assist engineers, chemists, and scientists An examination of heat transfer surfaces and calculations, shaft seal considerations, mounting methods, and mechanical design Perfect for chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, process engineers, chemists, and materials scientists, Agitator Design for Gas-Liquid Fermenters and Bioreactors will also earn a place in the libraries of pharmaceutical scientists seeking a one-stop resource for designing mechanically sound agitation systems.

Molecularly Imprinted Catalysts: Principle, Synthesis, and Applications is the first book of its kind to provide an in-depth overview of molecularly imprinted catalysts and selective catalysis, including technical details, principles of selective catalysis, preparation processes, the catalytically active polymers themselves, and important progress made in this field. It serves as an important reference for scientists, students, and researchers who are working in the areas of molecular imprinting, catalysis, molecular recognition, materials science, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. Comprising a diverse group of experts from prestigious universities and industries across the world, the contributors to this book provide access to the latest knowledge and eye-catching achievements in the field, and an understanding of what progress has been made and to what extent it is being advanced in industry.

The book provides a beginners introduction to the way ultrasound acts on bubbles in a liquid to cause bubbles to collapse violently, leading to localised 'hot spots' in the liquid with temperatures of 5000 C and under pressures of several hundred atmospheres. These extreme conditions produce events such as the emission of light, sonoluminescence, with a lifetime of less than a nanosecond, and free radicals that can initiate a host of varied chemical reactions (sonochemistry) in the liquid, all at room temperature. The physics and chemistry behind the phenomena are simply but comprehensively presented. In addition, potential industrial and medical applications of acoustic cavitation and its chemical effects are described and reviewed. The book is suitable for graduate students working with ultrasound and for potential chemists and chemical engineers wanting to understand the basics of how ultrasound acts in a liquid to cause chemical and physical effects.

The book is a carefully structured beginners guide to acoustic cavitation phenomena, i.e., the formation and subsequent collapse of micro bubbles in a liquid exposed to ultrasound. Its chemical effects (sonochemistry) are caused by radicals formed inside bubbles during their collapse as a consequence of the extreme temperatures and pressures created within such bubbles. These free radicals are the basis of many chemical reactions, including, electron transfer reactions, new stable compound formation, initiation of polymerization processes, as well as oxidation reactions leading to molecular degradation. The book guides the reader from the physics of how ultrasound interacts with bubbles to applications of sonochemisty. The applications cover industrial (including food processing) and medical uses of ultrasound. It is useful for the user because it consolidates what is known how ultrasound acts on bubbles, and the chemical consequences of its exposure to a broad range of systems. As ultrasound reactors are widely used in both the laboratory and in commercial processes the book provides a useful fundamental understanding on what lies behind the application in action

Experimental methods on acoustic cavitation and sonochemistry

One can readily begin experiments in the field.

Fundamentals

One can easily understand the physics behind the phenomenon.

Examples of (possible) industrial applications in chemical engineering and environmental technologies

One can easily understand the possibilities for adopting the action of acoustic cavitation with respect to industrial applications.

Examples of (potential) medical applications

One can easily grasp the potential use of the phenomenon to medical applications.

Examples in organic and inorganic chemical synthesis

One can readily understand the many possibilities for applying cavitation chemistry in chemical synthesis.

History

One is clearly introduced to the history of the field and its novel developments."

Biomaterials are advanced materials that garner interdisciplinary research. Wastewater pollution causes many adverse effects on human health and the environment. In order to rectify this, biomaterials and other nanomaterials have been utilized as photocatalysts against environmental waste. In this book, biomaterials are highlighted as a promising material for waste management, as biomaterials are cost-effective, eco-friendly and closer to nature.

The Elsevier book-series Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes, provides a global platform for a broad community of experimental and theoretical researchers studying cell membranes, lipid model membranes and lipid self-assemblies from the micro- to the nanoscale. Planar lipid bilayers are widely studied due to their ubiquity in nature and find their application in the formulation of biomimetic model membranes and in the design of artificial dispersion of liposomes. Moreover, lipids self-assemble into a wide range of other structures including micelles and the liquid crystalline hexagonal and cubic phases. Consensus has been reached that curved membrane phases do play an important role in nature as well, especially in dynamic processes such as vesicles fusion and cell communication. Self-assembled lipid structures have enormous potential as dynamic materials ranging from artificial lipid membranes to cell membranes, from biosensing to controlled drug delivery, from pharmaceutical formulations to novel food products to mention a few. An assortment of chapters in APLBL represents both an original research as well as comprehensives reviews written by world leading experts and young researchers.

Fundamentals of Radiation and Chemical Safety covers the effects and mechanisms involved in radiation and chemical exposure on humans. The mechanisms and effects of these damaging factors have many aspects in common, as do their research methodology and the methods used for data processing. In many cases of these types of exposures the same final effect can also be noted: Cancer. Low doses of radiation and small doses of chemical exposure are continuously active and they could influence the entire population. The analysis of these two main source hazards on the lives of the human population is covered here for the first time in a single volume determining and demonstrating their common basis. Fundamentals of Radiation and Chemical Safety includes the necessary knowledge from nuclear physics, chemistry and biology, as well the methods of processing the experimental results. This title focuses on the effects of low radiation dosage and chemical hormesis as well as the hazards associated with, and safety precautions in radiation and chemicals, rather than the more commonly noted safety issues high level emergencies and disasters of this type.

Databook of Biocides contains critical data on the most important biocides in use today. The selection includes generic and commercial biocides, which are approved for use in the European Union and the US. Data on generic biocides come from numerous sources, and can be easily compared with manufacturer information on commercial biocides, which are also included. Physical properties are presented-including volatility, solubility, and concentration-as are health and safety considerations (such as flash point, autoignition temperature, risks of skin and eye irritation, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity) and first-aid guidance. Ecological properties are also emphasized, with data on biodegradation and acquatic toxicity. Particular emphasis is placed on usage considerations, including recommended material-biocide combinations, processing methods and dosages, and features and benefits for each biocide. The book also contains an introductory chapter in which general indicators of performance of biocides are discussed.

Refineries and petrochemical engineers today are accepting more unconventional feedstocks such as heavy oil and shale, causing unique challenges on the processing side of the business. To create more reliable engineering design of process equipment for the petrochemical industry, petroleum engineers and process managers are forced to study the physical properties and compounds of these particular hydrocarbons. Instead of looking up each compound's information, The Yaws Handbook of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Chemicals, Second Edition presents an easy-to-use format with rapid access to search for the particular compound and understand all the complex calculations in one tabular format. Understanding the composition of hydrocarbons is not easy to calculate quickly or accurately, but this must-have reference leads the engineer to better estimated properties and fractions from easily measured components. Expanded to cover more total compounds and relevant functions, The Yaws Handbook of Physical Properties for Hydrocarbons and Chemicals, Second Edition remains a necessary reference tool for every petrochemical and petroleum engineers' library.