This book highlights the latest advances in bioMEMS for biosensing applications. It comprehensively reviews different detection methods, including colorimetric, fluorescence, luminescence, bioluminescence, chemiluminescence, biochemiluminescence, and electrochemiluminescence, and presents various bioMEMS for each, together with recent examples. The book also offers an overview of the history of BioMEMS and the design and manufacture of the first bioMEMS-based devices.

This issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, Guest Edited by Nigel Clarke, MD, and Andrew Hoofnagle, MD, will focus on Mass Spectrometry, with topics including: Proteins; Peptides; Small Molecules: Toxicology; Small Molecules: Diagnostics; and Regulatory Considerations.

This practical guide to spectroscopy and inorganic materials meets the demand from academia and the science community for an introductory text that introduces the different optical spectroscopic techniques, used in many laboratories, for material characterisation. * Treats the most basic aspects to be introduced into the field of optical spectroscopy of inorganic materials, enabling a student to interpret simple optical (absorption, reflectivity, emission and scattering) spectra * Contains simple, illustrative examples and solved exercises * Covers the theory, instrumentation and applications of spectroscopy for the characterisation of inorganic materials, including lasers, phosphors and optical materials such as photonics This is an ideal beginner's guide for students with some previous knowledge in quantum mechanics and optics, as well as a reference source for professionals or researchers in materials science, especially the growing field of optical materials.

With the ever increasing number of samples to be assayed in agronomical laboratories and servicing stations, fertilizer and food industries, sugar factories, water treatment plants, biomedical laboratories, drug quality control, and environmental research, the interest for automated chemical analysis has been increasing. In this context, flow analysis is very attractive, as they the flow-based procedures are characterized by enhanced analytical figures of merit. Moreover, the flow analysers do not usually require sophisticated and expensive instrumentation, are amenable to full automation and to miniaturization, and are well suited for in situ analyses. The tendency to carry out traditional methods of analysis in the flow analyser has becoming more pronounced, especially in relation to large-scale routine analyses. The technology of solution handling has become more and more improved, leading to enhanced strategies for chemical assays. Consequently, different modalities of flow analysis (e.g. SFA, FIA, SIA) have been conceived, developed and applied to solve real problems. Most of the flow-based analytical procedures presently in use, however, do not exploit the full potential of flow analysis. The main object of the book is then to provide a scientific basis and to familiarise a wide community of researchers, students, technicians, etc with the uses of flow analysis. Emphasis is given to spectrophotometric and luminometric detection, in relation to agronomical, geological, industrial, pharmaceutical and environmental applications. The book includes historical and theoretical aspects, recent achievements in instrumentation, guidelines for methodology implementation, and applications. It serves also as an applications-oriented text book.
Detailed historical and theoretical backgroundVarious modes of operationSpectrophotometric and luminometric detectionStrategies for solution handlingLarge number of applications

Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, Volume 107, the latest release in a series that has established itself as a premier resource for both specialists and non-specialists interested in new techniques and applications pertaining to NMR spectroscopy, includes a variety of updated chapters covering NMR Diffusion Studies, Recent Advances in Understanding of Nucleus Contributions to NMR Nuclear Shieldings, and more.

Designed to sit alongside more conventional established condensed matter physics textbooks, this compact volume offers a concise presentation of the principles of solid state theory, ideal for advanced students and researchers requiring an overview or a quick refresher on a specific topic. The book starts from the one-electron theory of solid state physics, moving through electron-electron interaction and many-body approximation schemes, to lattice oscillations and their interactions with electrons. Subsequent chapters discuss transport theory and optical properties, phase transitions and some properties of low-dimensional semiconductors. This extensively expanded second edition includes new material on adiabatic perturbation theory, kinetic coefficients, the Nyquist theorem, Bose condensation, and the field-theoretical approach to non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics. Throughout the text, mathematical proofs are often only sketched, and the final chapter of the book reviews some of the key concepts and formulae used in theoretical physics. Aimed primarily at graduate and advanced undergraduate students taking courses on condensed matter theory, the book serves as a study guide to reinforce concepts learned through conventional solid state texts. Researchers and lecturers will also find it a useful resource as a concise set of notes on fundamental topics.

This text offers an open-learning approach to Raman spectroscopy providing detail on instrumentation, applications and discussions questions throughout the book. It provides a valuable guide to assist with teaching Raman spectroscopy which is gaining attention in (analytical) chemistry, and as a consequence, teaching programs have followed. Today, education in Raman spectroscopy is often limited to theoretical aspects (e.g. selection rules), but practical aspects are usually disregarded. With these course notes, the author hopes to fill this gap and include information about Raman instrumentation and how it is interpreted. * Provides a user-friendly text that tackles the theoretical background, and offers everyday tips for common practice * Raman instrumentation and practical aspects, which are sometimes overlooked, are covered * Appropriate for students, and includes summaries, text boxes, illustrating the ideas with examples from research literature or providing background information or links with other courses * Written with an open-learning approach, this book will be ideal for use as a self-study guide or as the basis of a taught course with discussion and self-assessment questions throughout the text * Includes a comprehensive bibliography to guide the reader to more specialized texts and sources.

X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, one of the most powerful and flexible techniques available for the analysis and characterization of materials today, has gone through major changes during the past decade.

Fully revised and expanded by 30%, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Second Edition incorporates the latest industrial and scientific trends in all areas. It updates all previous material and adds new chapters on such topics as the history of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, the design of X-ray spectrometers, state-of-the-art applications, and X-ray spectra.

Ron Jenkins draws on his extensive experience in training and consulting industry professionals for this clear and concise treatment, covering first the basic aspects of X rays, then the methodology of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and available instrumentation. He offers a comparison between wavelength and energy dispersive spectrometers as well as step-by-step guidelines to X-ray spectrometric techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis—from specimen preparation to real-world industrial application.

Favored by the American Chemical Society and the International Centre for Diffraction Data, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Second Edition is an ideal introduction for newcomers to the field and an invaluable reference for experienced spectroscopists—in chemical analysis, geology, metallurgy, and materials science.

An up-to-date review of X-ray spectroscopic techniques. This proven guidebook for industry professionals is thoroughly updated and expanded to reflect advances in X-ray analysis over the last decade. X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry, Second Edition includes:

• The history of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry—new to this edition.
• A critical review of the most useful X-ray spectrometers.
• Techniques and procedures for quantitative and qualitative analysis.
• Modern applications and industrial trends.
• X-ray spectra—new to this edition.

How to design, execute, and interpret experiments for protein sequencing using mass spectrometry

The rapid expansion of searchable protein and DNA databases in recent years has triggered an explosive growth in the application of mass spectrometry to protein sequencing. This timely and authoritative book provides professionals and scientists in biotechnology research with complete coverage of procedures for analyzing protein sequences by mass spectrometry, including step-by-step guidelines for sample preparation, analysis, and data interpretation.

Michael Kinter and Nicholas Sherman present their own high-quality, laboratory-tested protocols for the analysis of a wide variety of samples, demonstrating how to carry out specific experiments and obtain fast, reliable results with a 99% success rate. Readers will get sufficient experimental detail to apply in their own laboratories, learn about the proper selection and operation of instruments, and gain essential insight into the fundamental principles of mass spectrometry and protein sequencing. Coverage includes:

• Peptide fragmentation and interpretation of product ion spectra
  
• Basic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
  
• Preparation of protein digests for sequencing experiments
  
• Mass spectrometric analysis using capillary liquid chromatography
  
• Techniques for protein identification by database searches
  
• Characterization of modified peptides using tandem mass spectrometry
  

And much more

Fluorescence spectroscopy is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy, using a beam of light, which analyzes fluorescence from a sample. Given its extremely high sensitivity and selectivity, it is an important investigational tool in many areas including material sciences, analytical sciences, and across a broad range of chemical, biochemical and medical research. It has become an essential investigational technique allowing detailed, real-time observation of the structure and dynamics of intact biological systems. The pharmaceutical industry uses it heavily and it has become a dominating technique in biochemistry and molecular genetics.
* Keeps MIE buyers and online subscribers up-to-date with the latest research with this highly used technique.
* Provides tried and tested techniques which eliminate searching through many different sources.

Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, Volume 104 has established itself as a premier resource for both specialists and non-specialists who are looking to become familiar with new techniques and applications pertaining to NMR spectroscopy.

Much of what we know about atoms, molecules, and the nature of matter has been obtained using spectroscopy over the last one hundred years or so. In this book we have collected together twenty chapters by eminent scientists from around the world to describe their work at the cutting edge of molecular spectroscopy. These chapters describe new methodology and applications, instrumental developments, and theory which is taking spectroscopy into new frontiers. The range of topics is broad. Lasers are utilized in much of the research, but their applications range from sub-femtosecond spectroscopy to the study of viruses and also to the investigation of art and archeological artifacts. Three chapters discuss work on biological systems and three others represent laser physics. The recent advances in cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS), surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), and microwave techniques are all covered. Chapters on electronic excited states, molecular dynamics, symmetry applications, and neutron scattering are also included and demonstrate the wide utility of spectroscopic techniques.
* provides comprehensive coverage of present spectroscopic investigations
* features 20 chapters written by leading researchers in the field
* covers the important role of molecular spectroscopy in research concerned with chemistry, physics, and biology

This book is designed to be a central text for young graduate students interested in mass spectrometry as it relates to study of protein structure and function as well as proteomics.
It is a definite must have work for:
- libraries at academic institutions with Master and Graduate programs in Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Structural Biology and Proteomics;
- individual laboratories with interests covering these areas; and
- libraries and individual laboratories in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries.
. serves as an essential reference to those working in the field
. incorporates the contributions of prominent experts
. features comprehensive coverage and a logical structure

The detection of hidden explosives has become an issue of utmost importance in recent years. While terrorism is not new to the international community, recent terrorist attacks have raised the issue of detection of explosives and have generated a great demand for rapid, sensitive and reliable methods for detecting hidden explosives. Counterterrorist Detection Techniques of Explosives covers recent advances in this area of research including vapor and trace detection techniques (chemiluminescence, mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, electrochemical methods and micromechanical sensors, such as microcantilevers) and bulk detection techniques (neutron techniques, nuclear quadrupole resonance, x-ray diffraction imaging, millimeter-wave imaging, terahertz imaging and laser techniques). This book will be of interest to any scientists involved in the design and application of security screening technologies including new sensors and detecting devices which will prevent the smuggling of bombs and explosives.
* Covers latest advances in vapor and trace detection techniques and bulk detection techniques
* Reviews both current techniques and those in advanced stages of development
* Techniques that are described in detail, including its principles of operation, as well as its applications in the detection of explosives

This book highlights the symmetry properties of acoustic fields and describes the gauge invariance approach, which can be used to reveal those properties. Symmetry is the key theoretical framework of metamaterials, as has been demonstrated by the successful fabrication of acoustical metamaterials. The book first provides the necessary theoretical background, which includes the covariant derivative, the vector potential, and invariance in coordinate transformation. This is followed by descriptions of global gauge invariance (isotropy), and of local gauge invariance (anisotropy). Sections on time reversal symmetry, reflection invariance, and invariance of finite amplitude waves round out the coverage.

Recent advances in both experimental techniques and theoretical methodologies have meant that increasingly sophisticated studies concerning the formation, structures, energetics and reaction dynamics of state- or energy-selected molecular ions can now be performed. In order to better serve the ion chemistry and physics community, each volume of this series is dedicated to reviewing a specific topic, emphasizing new experimental and theoretical developments in the study of ions. The Wiley Series in Ion Chemistry and Physics will help stimulate new research directions and point to future opportunities in the field of ion chemistry and physics. This volume, the sixth in the series, concentrates on the area of large ions. The production, detection and analysis of large ions are areas which have taken on great importance in recent years, in particular in the biomedical and biochemical fields. The understanding of large ions presents unique and formidable challenges which are very different from those associated with the study of small ions. This volume focuses on some of the fundamental chemistry and physics associated with the behavior of large ions, with the contributors addressing the issues in a quantitative fashion, in order to elucidate clearly some of the key recent advances which have taken place. As such, Large Ions: Their Vaporization, Detection and Structural Analysis provides an excellent snapshot of current research in this fascinating and important area. The six chapters are written by some of the leading experts in the field, and together they will be of great interest to experts and newcomers, both of whom will benefit from the in-depth discussion of the latest methods and results.

Recent advances in both experimental techniques and theoretical methodologies have meant that increasingly sophisticated studies concerning the formation, structures, energetics, and reaction dynamics of state- or energy-selected molecular ions can now be performed. In order to better serve the ion chemistry and physics community, each volume of this series will be dedicated to reviewing a specific topic, emphasizing new experimental and theoretical developments in the study of ions. The Wiley Series in Ion Chemistry and Physics will help stimulate new research directions and point to future opportunities in the field of ion chemistry and physics. This fourth volume is devoted to developments associated with the high resolution study of molecular photoionization, presented from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints. This field has been revolutionized in recent years through the rapid development of zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectroscopy, which is featured prominently within this volume. These advances have expanded the researcher' s ability to probe not just structural features, but also the detailed dynamics of a system, resulting in the interest and applicability of the technique being broadened to areas of chemical physics extending beyond the traditional study of photoionization per se. Each of the twelve chapters making up this volume is written by leading researchers in their respective fields.

Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, Volume 105, the latest release in a series that has established itself as a premier resource for both specialists and non-specialists interested in new techniques and applications pertaining to NMR spectroscopy includes a variety of updated chapters covering Recent advances in dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced NMR spectroscopy for organic polymers and Functional and structural characterization of membrane-binding proteins using NMR.

Infrared Spectroscopy of Biomolecules Edited by Henry H. Mantsch and Dennis Chapman Dramatic new advances in the application of infrared spectroscopy to biomolecules and instrumentation are revolutionizing this branch of molecular spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy of Biomolecules provides an up-to-date, detailed look at the different spectroscopic techniques now available and offers a framework for progression in the field, including the evolution of Fourier transform methods, the development of time-resolved techniques and difference spectroscopy, as well as new modulation methods. The book begins with a fundamental introduction to the theories behind both infrared spectroscopy and the Fourier transform method, which lays the groundwork for the instrumental and mathematical chapters that follow. Once the basics of the infrared methods are established, the proceeding chapters cover the application of infrared spectroscopy to proteins, lipids, enzymes, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and biomembranes. Other chapters in this excellent reference include: Theoretical Analyses of the Amide I Infrared Bands of Globular Proteins Slow and Fast Infrared Kinetic Studies Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Cell Surface Polysaccharides What Can Infrared Spectroscopy Tell Us About the Structure and Composition of Intact Bacterial Cells Biomedical Infrared Spectroscopy Editors Henry Mantsch and Dennis Chapman, leading experts in the field, conclude with an exciting look at much-anticipated future developments, including the use of caged compounds and studies of oxidation reduction systems within the IR spectrometer. A solid introduction to the basics with up-to-the-minute coverage of thelatest developments in the field, Infrared Spectroscopy of Biomolecules is an indispensable reference tool for biochemists, biophysicists, and structural biologists alike.

Stereoselective Synthesis Robert S. Atkinson University of Leicester, Leicester. UK Stereoselective Synthesis considers the methods available for the synthesis of simple target molecules, the majority containing not more than two chiral centres, as single stereoisomers. This volume focuses on the factors which give rise to the stereoselectivity and classifies stereoselective reactions accordingly. This classification, and the extensive use of 3-D representations, enables the student to understand the stereochemistry of these reactions and hence apply them to the synthesis of previously unseen target molecules as single stereoisomers. Stereoselective Synthesis presents:

• a new, unique, simplified classification for stereoselective reactions based on the number of chiral centres created in the product by comparison with the number present in the starting material
• coverage of the majority of important reaction types used in modern stereoselective synthesis
• a detailed analysis of factors which bring about asymmetric induction: the interplay between steric and electronic effects, the importance of conformational control and the advantages of intramolecularity in reactions
• emphasis on synthesis of simple target molecules and on those steps which involve stereochemistry
• realistic 3-D representations of transition states in which stereoselectivity is created
• stereochemical vocabulary in accordance with IUPAC rules

Stereoselective Synthesis is an invaluable aid not only to students in understanding this important area but also to those actively engaged in the syntheses of target molecules as single stereoisomers.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an analytical tool used by chemists and physicists to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. In recent years, no other technique has grown to such importance as NMR spectroscopy. It is used in all branches of science where precise structural determination is required and where the nature of interactions and reactions in solution is being studied. Annual Reports on NMR has established itself as a premier means for the specialist and nonspecialist alike to become familiar with new techniques and applications of NMR spectroscopy.
* Includes comprehensive review articles on NMR Spectroscopy
* NMR is used in all branches of science
* No other technique has grown to such importance as NMR Spectroscopy in recent years

This volume provides a comprehensive survey of current techniques for the use of mass spectrometry in organic chemical and biochemical analysis. Every aspect of modern instrumentation and technique is discussed. The new edition retains the effective division of material applied in the author’s previous volume—theory, practical requirements and applications. However, it has been thoroughly revised and extended to include all recent advances in mass spectrometry, and is complete with extensive references. This is essentially a book for the practising mass spectroscopist which will appeal to both biochemists and organic chemists. Some familiarity with basic principles is assumed but the author has employed a style which makes this volume suitable for beginners and more advanced students alike. The present volume will be particularly valuable to anyone who wishes to evaluate and compare alternative techniques. Main Contents—Instrumentation; Sample Introduction; Chemical lonization (lon-Molecule Reactions); Negative lon Chemical lonization; The lonization of Labile Materials (Part I); The lonization of Labile Materials (Part II); Tandem Mass Spectrometry (The Dissociation of lons); Quantitative Analysis.

Antimony, arsenic, bismuth, germanium, lead, selenium, tellurium and tin just some of the elements which, in trace amounts, have biological, environmental and technological importance. Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry describes one of the most accurate analytical techniques for trace analysis of these elements, sensitive to picogram levels. Over the last decade, significant instrumental and methodological progress has led to HG-AAS being widely applied to an extensive range of sample types. In this first comprehensive monograph on HG-AAS, the authors treat both theoretical and experimental aspects of the subject in a critical and in-depth manner. Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry is divided into two parts, with the theoretical background and experimental approach covered in Part I. Part II discusses the methodology and analytical applications to a wide range of fields, arranged in an easy to use element-by-element format. Over 1500 references provide an exhaustive coverage of the vast literature on HG-AAS, making Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry the premier reference source on this important technique. Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry will be an invaluable reference work for all analysts using hydride generation for AAS or for other spectrometric methods. It will also be of great interest to researchers and students working in atomic spectrometry and trace analysis.

Volume 3 looks at classes of biomolecules including carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids. In addition, special areas of application are included, such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, isotope ratio methods for biomolecules analysis, and clinical applications. The articles are arranged under general headings for continuity and ease of access, although several of these are of interest across the various disciplines. The articles are intended to teach and therefore strive to cover basics and sufficient additional detail to bring the reader up-to-date on a given subject. Some advanced topics are also covered, either in a special section of articles or in additional reading citations.
* Covers the major classes of biomolecules including carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids
* Includes special areas of application, such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, isotope ratio methods for biomolecules analysis, and clinical applications
* Written for students entering the field of mass spectrometry

Counterterrorist Detection Techniques of Explosives, Second Edition covers the most current techniques available for explosive detection. This completely revised volume describes the most updated research findings that will be used in the next generation of explosives detection technologies. New editors Drs. Avi Cagan and Jimmie Oxley have assembled in one volume a series of detection technologies written by an expert group of scientists. The book helps researchers to compare the advantages and disadvantages of all available methods in detecting explosives and, in effect, allows them to choose the correct instrumental screening technology according to the nature of the sample.