Despite being commonplace in American households a generation ago, corporal punishment of children has been subjected to criticism and shifting attitudes in recent years. Many school districts have banned it, and many child advocates recommend that parents no longer spank or strike their children. In this book, social theorist Michael Donnelly and family violence expert Murray A. Straus tap the expertise of social science scholars and researchers who address issues of corporal punishment, a subject that is now characterized as a key issue in child welfare.The contributors discuss corporal punishment, its use, causes, and consequences, drawing on a wide array of comparative, psychological, and sociological theories. Together, they clarify the analytical issues and lay a strong foundation for future research and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Reg Pengelly has gained considerable experience of managing arrangements to safeguard children in both the police service and the NHS. This short and practical guide has been written for the benefit of all managers who are either directly responsible for safeguarding children or whose organisations provide services that children use. The book will be especially useful to managers working for the growing number of private sector providers who may be commissioned by public organisations and who by dint of their contractual obligations are under a duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.

Research findings showed that secondary school students in Hong Kong face many challenges. In particular, morbid emphasis on academic excellence has created much competition and stress in high school students. It was estimated that around one-fifth of secondary school students in Hong Kong had different forms of mental disorders. In a three-year longitudinal study, it was found that the prevalence rates of Internet addiction in Secondary 1, Secondary 2 and Secondary 3 students were 26.4%, 26.6% and 22.5%, respectively. In the same study, suicidal ideation in junior secondary school students was found in more than one-tenth of the students. At the same time, there were more than two-tenths of students showing signs of self-harm and suicidal behaviour in junior secondary years. The number of adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage has increased while family solidarity has dropped in recent years. In spite of these adolescent developmental issues, the lack of life education and life skills training in secondary school students has made the situation worse. Although moral and civic education is one of the pillars in the new 6-year secondary school curriculum, there are several problems involved. First, the coverage on social and emotional learning in the curriculum guide is very thin. Second, although there are curricula materials on life skills training in the field, validated curricula are almost non-existent. In fact, in a review of adolescent prevention and positive youth development programs in Asia, Shek and Yu pointed out that there were very few validated evidence-based programs in Hong Kong. Third, training in social-emotional learning and adolescent prevention programs is grossly inadequate in Hong Kong. Finally, while nobody would dispute the importance of life skills and psychosocial competence, such topics are seldom taught in depth in the school contexts.

This text proposes corrective action to improve the institutional care of African American children and their families, calling attention to the specific needs of this population and the historical, social, and political factors that have shaped its experience within the child welfare system. The authors critique policy and research and suggest culturally targeted program and policy responses for more positive outcomes.

In Necessary Spaces: Exploring the Richness of African American Childhood in the South, Saundra Murray Nettles takes the reader on a journey into neighbourhood networks of learning at different times and places. Using autobiographical accounts, Nettles discusses the informal instructional practices of community "coaches" from the perspective of African American adults who look back on their childhood learning experiences in homes, libraries, city blocks, schools, churches, places of business, and nature. These eyewitness accounts reveal ""necessary spaces," the metaphor Nettles uses to describe seven recurring experiences that converge with contemporary notions of optimal black child development: connection, exploration, design, empowerment, resistance, renewal, and practice. Nettles weaves the personal stories with social scientific theory and research and practical accounts of community-based initiatives to illuminate how local communities contributed human, built, and natural resources to support children's achievement in schools. The inquiry offers a timely and accessible perspective on how community involvement for children can be developed utilising the grassroots efforts of parents, children, and other neighbourhood residents; expertise from personnel in schools, informal institutions (such as libraries and museums); and other sectors interested in disparities in education, health, and the quality of physical settings. Grounded in the environmental memories of African American childhood, Necessary Spaces offers a culturally relevant view of civic participation and sustainable community development at the local level. Educational researchers and policy makers, pre-service and in-service teachers, and people who plan for and work with children and youth in neighbourhoods will find this book an engaging look at possibilities for the social organisation of educational resources. Qualitative researchers will find a model for writing personal scholarly essays that use the personal to inform larger issues of policy and practice. In Necessary Spaces, local citizens in neighbourhoods across the United States will find stories that resonate with their own experiences, stimulate their recollections, and inform and inspire their continuing efforts to create brighter futures for children and communities.

In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the current issues, practices and challenges related to child welfare today. Topics include mental health oversight for children and adolescents in child welfare custody; children in foster care and excessive medications; youth sexuality and health conditions; secondary traumatic stress in child welfare professionals; transforming mental health practices in child-serving systems; educational vulnerability of children and youth in foster care; developing a child welfare and child protection system in China; and mindfulness training for addressing the needs of child welfare system children and families.

Internationally recognized as the gold standard in providing services to children with special needs and their family members, family-centred practice has developed substantially over the past two decades. However, there has not been until now a basic practice text for guiding professional education and skill building across diverse areas. Filling this significant gap, Partnering with Parents is a primer on family-centred practice for professionals working in children's health and developmental services. The material in this textbook spans interdisciplinary training across key child service sectors (particularly child development, child mental health, and children's health). The authors identify and discuss the key principles of the model as it is practiced in Canada, with a focus on working alliances, empowerment methods, and the development of social support resources. Providing examples of the application of family-centred practice in a wide range of service settings, Partnering with Parents will be useful for the social workers, nurses, psychologists, and allied health professionals who work together in complex service situations.

This book presents findings from studies evaluating Sure Start programmes in North-East England. Section I examines the policy background, evaluation framework and key concepts underpinning the programme. Section II draws upon findings from the evaluation of five Sure Start programmes. Section III presents evaluation findings from a linked national programme, Sure Start Plus, designed to provide inter-agency, inter-professional support to pregnant teenagers and young parents. Section IV examines two propositions: Firstly, that local programmes should deliver better outcomes for children and families if they are proficient, as measured by engaging service users, multi agency working, leadership and ethos; and secondly, that local programmes provide a foundation for delivering the five outcomes set by the Labour Government Green Paper Every Child Matters (2003): be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contribution, and achieve economic well-being.

A new edition of the ground-breaking, popular and well-respected textbook that supports the study of early childhood from an holistic and multi-disciplinary perspective. The book uniquely balances the need for professionals and students to understand theory, research and policy in relation to young children's lives, giving you the ability to take an in-depth and analytical approach to understanding key early childhood issues and concepts based on children's rights. - Takes a multi-disciplinary approach to Early Childhood Studies, including sociology, health, psychology, genetics and social work - Fully up-to-date with legislation, policy and research development. - Includes guidance on the skills required to successfully study early childhood at degree level - Provides suggestions for further reading to extend the reader's knowledge and understanding of key topics. The book draws on practical examples to promote a deeper and critical discussion about working with young children and their families and particularly the ways in which early years professionals must embrace partnership working and collaboration.

Child welfare services are intended to prevent the abuse or neglect of children; ensure that children have safe, permanent homes; and promote the well-being of children and their families. The largest amount of federal child welfare funding is provided to states for assistance to children who have been removed from their homes (due primarily to abuse or neglect). In the past decade, the share of this support provided for children who remain in foster care has been on the decline, while the share provided for those who leave foster care for permanent homes (e.g., via adoption) has increased. This book examines recent and proposed federal funding issues for child welfare with a focus on services authorised under Title IV-B of the Social Security Act, and The Child and Family Services Improvement and Innovation Act (P.L.112-34).

Approximately 662,000 children spend some time in foster care each year. Most enter care because they have experienced neglect or abuse by their parents. Between 35% and 60% of children entering foster care have at least one chronic or acute physical health condition that needs treatment. As many as one-half to three-fourths show behavioural or social competency problems that may warrant mental health services and substance abuse counselling. As many as 24,000 (about 6%) receive Supplemental Security Income (SSI) or other Social Security benefits. Some research suggests that a greater number of children in foster care might be eligible for SSI benefits if this assistance was sought. This book examines the health care needs and social security benefit issues facing children in the foster care system with a focus on medicaid benefits; private health insurance reforms; and possible legislative changes.

This book introduces the current situations of child victimisation in the Chinese populations to readers, discusses the relevant political and legal systems as well as health and social services, and puts forward some recommendations for effective child protection with an emphasis on the unique cultural values and situations in the Chinese populations. Grounded in the recent and contemporary research and scholarly inquiry, this is a vital book for understanding trends and current situations in China, as well as an essential read for those who work, research, teach or study in the area. This book is the only one available to date to present a comprehensive and critical review of child maltreatment and victimisation in China whilst promoting a multi-disciplinary collaboration to child protection.

In 1999, the Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, undertook the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) to learn about children and families coming in contact with the child welfare system (CWS). The sample, which represents the population of children and families that entered the CWS within a 15 month period, comprises 5,501 children (aged 0 to 14 years) from 92 child welfare agencies nation-wide. The NSCAW gathers information about children's safety, living-situation permanency, well-being, and services after a maltreatment investigation by child protective services. This book provides information about 962 children who were infants when they first became involved in investigations for child abuse or neglect and whose caregivers participated at the 5- to 6-year follow-up.

"Child Slaves in the Modern World" is the second of two volumes that examine the distinctive uses and experiences of children in slavery in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This collection of previously unpublished essays exposes the global victimization of child slaves from the period of abolition of legal slavery in the nineteenth century to the human rights era of the twentieth century. It contributes to the growing recognition that the stereotypical bonded male slave was in fact a rarity. Nine of the studies are historical, with five located in Africa and three covering Latin America from the British Caribbean to Chile. One study follows the children liberated in the famous Amistad incident (1843). The remaining essays cover contemporary forms of child slavery, from prostitution to labor to forced soldiering. "Child Slaves in the Modern World" adds historical depth to the current literature on contemporary slavery, emphasizing the distinctive vulnerabilities of children, or effective equivalents, that made them particularly valuable to those who could acquire and control them. The studies also make clear the complexities of attempting to legislate or decree regulations limiting practices that appear to have been--and continue to be --ubiquitous around the world.

Covers contemporary health, safety, and nutrition needs of infant through school-age children--and guides teachers in implementing effective classroom practices--in one comprehensive volume. Concepts are backed by the latest research findings and linked to the key professional standards of the field. The text emphasizes the importance of respecting and partnering with families to help children establish healthy lifestyles and achieve their learning potential. Early childhood educators, professionals, and families will find the latest research and information on many topics of significant concern, including childhood obesity, children's mental health, bullying, resilience, chronic and acute health conditions, environmental quality, and children with special medical needs. Also provided are easy-to-access checklists, guidelines, and lesson plans that no early childhood student or professional should be without.

There is no single definition of the term "runaway youth" or "homeless youth". However, both groups of youth share the risk of not having adequate shelter and other provisions, and may engage in harmful behaviours while away from a permanent home. The precise number of homeless and runaway youth is unknown due to their residential mobility and overlap among the populations. Determining the number of these youth is further complicated by the lack of a standardised methodology for counting the population and inconsistent definitions of what it means to be homeless or a runaway. Estimates of the homeless youth exceed one million. Thus homelessness among adolescents and young adults is a major social concern in the United States. In this book, the authors cite research indicating that youth may be the single age group most at risk of becoming homeless, yet comparatively little research has been done in the past decade on this vulnerable population. After reviewing the characteristics of homeless youth, the authors review recent research findings on the homeless youth population and interventions developed to address their housing and service needs. These include interventions directed at youth themselves (education, employment, social skills training) as well as family-focused strategies. The authors conclude with future directions for both research and practice. This book consists of public documents which have been located, gathered, combined, reformatted, and enhanced with a subject index, selectively edited and bound to provide easy access.

An exploration of the ways in which ancient theories of empire can inform our understanding of present-day international relations, Enduring Empire engages in a serious discussion of empire as it relates to American foreign policy and global politics.

The imperial power dynamics of ancient Athens and Rome provided fertile ground for the deliberations of many classical thinkers who wrote on the nature of empire: contemplating political sovereignty, autonomy, and citizenship as well as war, peace, and civilization in a world where political boundaries were strained and contested. The contributors to this collection prompt similar questions with their essays and promote a serious contemporary consideration of empire in light of the predominance of the United States and of the doctrine of liberal democracy.

Featuring essays from some of the leading thinkers in the fields of political science, philosophy, history, and classics, Enduring Empire illustrates how lessons gleaned from the Athenian and Roman empires can help us to understand the imperial trajectory of global politics today.

Victim. Prostitute. Gangster's Wife. Survivor. Tara grew up in squalor on the island of Alderney. When she was only four, she was sexually abused by one of her mother's many lovers, a horror that continued for five long years. As a teenager, desperate to escape the toxic environment at home, she fled to London - but was swiftly drawn into working as a prostitute. She became involved with some of London's most notorious gangsters - even marrying one - but when she realised the danger she was inflicting on her children, she knew she had to find a way to get out. This is the inspiring story of one woman's will to survive, and to fight for a better life.

"Filled with practical and effective approaches, this book is an asset to anyone wanting to develop their skills in working with adolescents." Samantha Best, CAMHS Manager and Clinical Nurse Specialist "This publication is a further invaluable resource to counsellors wanting to work with young people. It offers a 'one stop shop' for any practitioner who wants to understand adolescent development and the need for a counselling approach that parallels this, with helpful strategies for enhancing the counselling conversation and the relationship between counsellor and the young person." Barbara Rayment, Director of Youth Access, London "Providing an excellent introduction to counselling young people that is theoretically sound and rich in delivering practical techniques, this book is an important addition to the personal library of counselling students and counsellors" Associate Professor Sylvia Rodger, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia In this third edition of their bestselling text, Kathryn and David Geldard provide a practical introduction to the principles and practices required for successful counselling, to show that working with young people can be both challenging and effective. The book is divided into three main parts, covering: - how to understand the young client as a person - the pro-active approach of working with young people - the counselling skills and strategies needed. This Third Edition has been completely revised and updated, and includes two new chapters. The first, Maintaining a Collaborative Relationship, identifies ways to engage a young person collaboratively throughout a proactive counselling process. The other, Professional and Ethical Issues, deals with these issues as they relate to working with young people. Additional practical case studies and examples show how counsellors can work pro-actively with this age group. The book will be of particular interest as a textbook and resource to all professionals who work with emotionally disturbed young people, and will provide an excellent resource for trainees in courses on counselling, social work, psychology, occupational therapy, mental health and psychiatry, nursing, and education.

In modern Latin America, profound social inequalities have persisted despite the promise of equality. Nara B. Milanich argues that social and legal practices surrounding family and kinship have helped produce and sustain these inequalities. Tracing families both elite and plebeian in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Chile, she focuses on a group largely invisible in Latin American historiography: children. The concept of family constituted a crucial dimension of an individual's identity and status, but also denoted a privileged set of gendered and generational dependencies that not all people could claim." Children of Fate" explores such themes as paternity, illegitimacy, kinship, and child circulation over the course of eighty years of Chile's modern history to illuminate the ways family practices and ideologies powerfully shaped the lives of individuals as well as broader social structures.

Milanich pays particular attention to family law, arguing that liberal legal reforms wrought in the 1850s, which left the paternity of illegitimate children purposely unrecorded, reinforced not only patriarchal power but also hierarchies of class. Through vivid stories culled from judicial and notarial sources and from a cache of documents found in the closet of a Santiago orphanage, she reveals how law and bureaucracy helped create an anonymous underclass bereft of kin entitlements, dependent on the charity of others, and marginalized from public bureaucracies. Milanich also challenges the recent scholarly emphasis on state formation by highlighting the enduring importance of private, informal, and extralegal relations of power within and across households. "Children of Fate" demonstrates how the study of children can illuminate the social organization of gender and class, liberalism, law, and state power in modern Latin America.

"Filled with practical and effective approaches, this book is an asset to anyone wanting to develop their skills in working with adolescents." Samantha Best, CAMHS Manager and Clinical Nurse Specialist "This publication is a further invaluable resource to counsellors wanting to work with young people. It offers a 'one stop shop' for any practitioner who wants to understand adolescent development and the need for a counselling approach that parallels this, with helpful strategies for enhancing the counselling conversation and the relationship between counsellor and the young person." Barbara Rayment, Director of Youth Access, London "Providing an excellent introduction to counselling young people that is theoretically sound and rich in delivering practical techniques, this book is an important addition to the personal library of counselling students and counsellors" Associate Professor Sylvia Rodger, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia In this third edition of their bestselling text, Kathryn and David Geldard provide a practical introduction to the principles and practices required for successful counselling, to show that working with young people can be both challenging and effective. The book is divided into three main parts, covering: - how to understand the young client as a person - the pro-active approach of working with young people - the counselling skills and strategies needed. This Third Edition has been completely revised and updated, and includes two new chapters. The first, Maintaining a Collaborative Relationship, identifies ways to engage a young person collaboratively throughout a proactive counselling process. The other, Professional and Ethical Issues, deals with these issues as they relate to working with young people. Additional practical case studies and examples show how counsellors can work pro-actively with this age group. The book will be of particular interest as a textbook and resource to all professionals who work with emotionally disturbed young people, and will provide an excellent resource for trainees in courses on counselling, social work, psychology, occupational therapy, mental health and psychiatry, nursing, and education.

This book focuses on providing information and guidance for professionals involved in the newly emerging multi-agency, interdisciplinary children's workforce. It does so by helping them to understand the theory behind the issues relating to communication and engagement in multi-agency settings for children and families. The book is of use to both students and those already working in the sector who are undertaking professional development to enhance understanding and skills in the new children's workforce environment.

This book is the first comprehensive history of the development of child study during the early part of the twentieth century. Most nineteenth-century scientists deemed children unsuitable subjects for study, and parents were hostile to the idea. But by 1935, the study of the child was a thriving scientific and professional field. Here, Alice Boardman Smuts shows how interrelated movements--social and scientific--combined to transform the study of the child.Drawing on nationwide archives and extensive interviews with child study pioneers, Smuts recounts the role of social reformers, philanthropists, and progressive scientists who established new institutions with new ways of studying children. Part history of science and part social history, this book describes a fascinating era when the normal child was studied for the first time, a child guidance movement emerged, and the newly created federal Children's Bureau conducted pathbreaking sociological studies of children.

During the last 100 years infant mortality rates have improved dramatically, yet even in a developed country such as Australia the physical health of infants varies greatly, despite advances in science and technology. It has now become clear that emotional and physical development is affected by many different variables. Not only must physical development and health support be adequate, but the presence of factors such as good-enough parenting, and the absence of others such as substance abuse and domestic violence, are now becoming better understood. So how best to work with families where infants are at risk? This is the substance of this book: to understand how to achieve improved outcomes for infants growing up in situations of risk, mainly in the area of the parents' mental health, but also in other related psychosocial circumstances that may impair parental functioning. These include migration, substance abuse, and infant hospitalisation. Throughout this book, the authors examine the effects of adverse life circumstances on infant and family and, in most cases, also describe assessments and interventions. Several chapters have been written by people personally affected by mental illness, or mental illness of a family member. This provides in-depth and often poignant understanding of the perspective of those living with the effects of such illnesses, and helps to expand our knowledge and skills to work with at-risk families.