From the kinetoscope, used by one viewer at a time, to the lavish movie palaces of Hollywood's golden era, the experience of watching films has varied enormously across film. Exhibition, The Film Reader traces the emergence of a culture of moviegoing, exploring the range of venues in which films have been shown and following the fluctuating status of film and the continuing struggle over audiences.
Contributors explore the meanings conveyed to spectators through exhibition sites and practices, and raise key issues of distribution, access and consumption.
Essays by: Dudley Andrew, Anthony Downs, Gary Edgerton, Anne Friedberg, Kathryn Helgesen Fuller, Douglas Gomery, Thomas Guback, Ben M. Hall, Ina Rae Hark, Charlotte Herzog, Russell Meritt, William Paul, Suzanne I. Schiller, Gregory Waller, Barbara Wilinsky.

The Politics of Nordsploitation takes a transnational approach to exploring Nordic ‘exploitation’ films in their industrial contexts, viewing them as not only political manifestations of domestic considerations but also to position Nordic film cultures in a global context. Incorporating a wide range of films, from international cult classics like They Call Her One Eye (1974), homegrown martial arts films like The Ninja Mission (1984) to contemporary crowd-sourced fan productions like Iron Sky (2012), this volume examines the remarkable diversity of genre-based, commercially and culturally exploitative film production throughout the Nordic countries – emphasized here through the term ‘Nordsploitation’. This volume provides a historical exposition of largely ignored marginal films and film cultural patterns. It also outlines how influential these films have been in shaping the development of Nordic cinema. The effects are visible in the films of the new millennium as previously marginalized practices now enter the mainstream. With sharp insights and new research, The Politics of Nordsploitation redefines the concept of ‘exploitation’ and its role in small nation cinemas.

This book explores why word of mouth is the most important determinant of a movie's success. Beginning with a discussion of the enduring appeal of movies, and why the box office has survived the disruption of television and will likely survive the disruption of streaming services, Owen Eagan goes on to discuss the unpredictable nature of movies and ways to mitigate their risk. His astute analysis sheds light on the role of film festivals, film critics, Oscar campaigns, and word of mouth in influencing a film's success. Eagan concludes with a summary of why word of mouth is the most influential among all the variables that affect a film's outcome. Expertly synthesizing quantitative analyses of box office data with illuminating insights from industry experts, this concise and engaging book presents findings with important implications for scholars, industry insiders and marketing professionals alike.

This book explores the complex interplay of culture and economics in the context of Philippine cinema. It delves into the tension, interaction, and shifting movements between mainstream and independent filmmaking, examines the film distribution and exhibition systems, and investigates how existing business practices affect the sustainability of the independent sector. This book addresses the lack or absence of Asian representation in film distribution literature by supplying the much-needed Asian context and case study. It also advances the discourse of film distribution economy by expounding on the formal and semi-formal film distribution practices in a developing Asian country like the Philippines, where the thriving piracy culture is considered as 'normal,' and which is commonly depicted and discussed in existing literature. As such, this will be the first book that looks into the specifics of the Philippine film distribution and exhibition system and provides a historical grounding of its practices.

This work explores the film histories and cultures of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden, tracing the 20th-century development of each country's domestic film prodcuction and cinema audiences. The author discusses the place in cinema history of international figures such as Mauritz Stiller, Victor Sjostrom, Carl Dreyer and Ingmar Bergman, directors of films like "Vampyr", "Ordet", "Wild Strawberries", and "Cries and Whispers". The author looks at national film makers: August Blom, Bodil Ipsen, Lau Lauritzen and Nils Malmros; and also discusses contemporary film-makers like Gabriel Axel, the Kaurismaki brothers and Lars Von Trier. In discussing the film culture of each country, each section considers three specific questions: state control and support of film production; the cultural characteristics of Nordic film which both unify and define each country; and film production, content and form. In a final chapter, the authors assess the direction and future of the Nordic cinemas.

In this volume, Charlotte Brunsdon analyzes a wide range of contemporary film and television programmes, from British soap operas and crime series such as "Crossroads" and "Widows" to Hollywood movies such as "Working Girl" and "Pretty Woman".;As well as interpreting the pleasures and meanings that these programmes offer - particularly for women viewers - the book is concerned with the nature of media criticism, particularly feminist criticism, and the problematic aesthetics of popular culture. Why have feminist media critics been so interested in the soap opera viewer? What are the "race" politics of the TV crime series? What is meant by "quality" in television? And was the fuss about the erection of satellite dishes on British homes really about architectural values?;The book brings together Charlotte Brunsdon's key writings on film and television and its criticism, with new introductions which contextualise and update the arguments, and recent work on the "post-feminist girly" in recent Hollywood cinema. Brunsdon's focus is on the tastes and pleasures of the female consumer as she is produced by popular film an television - and by feminist criticism.

Charlotte Brundson's key writings on film and television are bought together with new introductions which contextualise and update the arguments. The focus is on the tastes and pleasures of the female consumer as she is produced by popular film and television.

Projecting the Past analyses the ways in which the Hollywood and Italian film industries have resurrected ancient Rome to address present concerns. Through case studies of Spartacus, Cleopatra, Nero and Pompeii, the book explores cinema's use of the past to excavate present issues of nationhood, colonialism, gender and cinema itself.

Media Production Agreements is an invaluable reference tool for film, television and video producers and has been written specifically for all those involved in the media industry. Providing legal information and sound advice on the structuring of deals and negotiated agreements, this authoritative guide identifies potential pitfalls in the drafting and arrangement of contracts and proposals. Media Production Agreements contains legal agreements which independent producers, writers and all those involved in the film and television industry are faced with at the outset of a project. Typical agreements and sample contracts are presented in the text and practical explanatory notes provide clarification, caveats and advice. Contracts and agreements discussed include: * option and literary purchase * writer's and director's agreement * co-production agreement * distribution agreement * location agreement * non-disclosure agreement * release from a living person * release for extras * name product and logo release agreement * licence to reproduce still photographs.

This guide sets out in one comprehensive volume the major economic, financial and business considerations which independent producers need to bear in mind when making films in or with other countries within Europe. A key feature of the guide is its practical structure, which follows the chronology of the production of a film, from the film's concept and the formation of a production company to its final distribution strategies. The information is set out in chart and checklist format for easy reference, providing immediate answers to specific questions. Pecularities unique to each country are summarized. This arrangement allows for easy reference by the stage of a film or by a particular country, and also allows for easy comparison between countries. This guide is a management resource for film production in Europe. It should be useful reading for film and television professionals. "Arthur Andersen y Cia, S.R.C." is an international firm of auditors, business consultants, and tax advisors which is wholly owned by Spanish professionals. It is also a member of the Arthur Andersen Worldwide Organization.

Film Policy is the first comprehensive overview of the workings of the international film industry. The authors examine film cultures and film policy across the world, explaining why Hollywood cinema dominates the global film market, and the effects of the rise of television and video on the international industry.
In a series of case studies drawn from North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia and Australia, the authors explore the relationship between Hollywood cinema product and national film cultures, and trace the development of international and national film policies, looking at issues of financing, regulation, protectionism and censorship.

Film Policy is the first comprehensive overview of the workings of the international film industry. The authors examine film cultures and film policy across the world, explaining why Hollywood cinema dominates the global film market, and the effects of the rise of television and video on the international industry. In a series of case studies drawn from North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia and Australia, the authors explore the relationship between Hollywood cinema product and national film cultures, and trace the development of international and national film policies, looking at issues of financing, regulation, protectionism and censorship.

Budgets and Markets highlights the decisions involved in budgeting and marketing European films. It looks at the origin, development, production, distribution, financing and profit of thirteen European films, including such critical and popular successes as Tacones Lejones (High Heels) by Pedro Almodovar; Oci Ciornie (Dark Eyes) by Nikita Mikhalkov; Peter's Friends by Keneth Branagh and La Discrete by Christian Vincent. Detailed financial data is reinforced by interviews with the producers of each film. The core of the analysis is based on the question 'Was this film made at the right price for the right market?'.

Since the late 1990s a new language has emerged in film scholarship and criticism in response to the popularity of American directors such as Wes Anderson, Charlie Kaufman, and David O. Russell. Increasingly, adjectives like 'quirky', 'cute', and 'smart' are used to describe these American films, with a focus on their ironic (and sometimes deliberately comical) stories, character situations and tones. Kim Wilkins argues that, beyond the seemingly superficial descriptions, 'American eccentric cinema' presents a formal and thematic eccentricity that is distinct to the American context. She distinguishes these films from mainstream Hollywood cinema as they exhibit irregularities in characterization, tone, and setting, and deviate from established generic conventions. Each chapter builds a case for this position through detailed film analyses and comparisons to earlier American traditions, such as the New Hollywood cinema of the 1960s and 1970s. American Eccentric Cinema promises to challenge the notion of irony in American contemporary cinema, and questions the relationship of irony to a complex national and individual identity.

The Stock Market Crash of October 1929 threw American society into complete turmoil. As millions of Americans became unemployed and the standard of living plummeted, a turn onto the road to recovery required a concerted effort of government and private industry resources.
"Hollywood in Crisis" is a detailed study of the American film industry in the 1930s. Specifically, Colin Schindler looks at Hollywood as an agent of Roosevelt's New Deal. From escapist musicals to gangster movies and Westerns, even to the radical films of the Warner studios, Schindler illustrates how the studios helped foster feelings of unity and patriotism.
Drawing from studio archives and interviews with such prominent figures as Henry Fonda, Frank Capra, and even the leader of the Hollywood Communist Party John Howard Lawson, Schindler's study redefines the way in which this segment of Hollywood's Golden years will be viewed.

eBook available with sample pages: HB:0415103134

From the 1970s onward, "exploitation cinema" as a concept has circulated inside and outside of East Asian nations and cultures in terms of aesthetics and marketing. However, crucial questions about how global networks of production and circulation alter the identity of an East Asian film as "mainstream" or as "exploitation" have yet to be addressed in a comprehensive way. Exploiting East Asian Cinemas serves as the first authoritative guide to the various ways in which contemporary cinema from and about East Asia has trafficked across the somewhat-elusive line between mainstream and exploitation. Focusing on networks of circulation, distribution, and reception, this collection treats the exploitation cinemas of East Asia as mobile texts produced, consumed, and in many ways re-appropriated across national (and hemispheric) boundaries. As the processes of globalization have decoupled products from their nations of origin, transnational taste cultures have declared certain works as "art" or "trash," regardless of how those works are received within their native locales. By charting the routes of circulation of notable films from Japan, China, and South Korea, this anthology contributes to transnationally-accepted formulations of what constitutes "East Asian exploitation cinema."

This is a completely new, revised, and expanded version of the book first published by Scarecrow in 1976. It documents the work of America's first major film company, Vitagraph, from its beginnings in the 1890s through its sale to Warner Bros. in 1925.

Presiding over the "golden era" of the British Film Industry from the mid to late 1940s, J. Arthur Rank financed movies such as "Oliver Twist," "The Red Shoes," "Brief Encounter," "Caesar and Cleopatra" and "Black Narcissus," Never before, and never since, has the industry risen to such heights.
"J. Arthur Rank" charts every aspect of the robust film culture that Rank helped to create. Having started out with relatively little knowledge of the cinema, Rank's sponsorship was to bring about astounding progress within the industry, and by establishing an organization comparable in size to any of the major Hollywood studios, Rank briefly managed to reconcile and consolidate the competing demands of "art" and "business" - an achievement very much absent from today's diminished and fragmented film industry.
Macnab goes on to explain the eventual collapse of the Rank experiment amidst the economic and political maelstrom of post-war Britain, highlighting the problems still facing the industry today. By meshing archival research with interviews with Rank's contemporaries and members of his family, this definitive study firmly restores Rank to his rightful place at the hub of British film history.

The winner of the 2019 Peter C. Rollins Book Award This is the first comprehensive history of MGM from its origins in 1905 to the present. Following a straightforward chronology corresponding to specific periods of film industry history, each chapter describes how successive managements adjusted their production strategies and business practices in response to evolving industrial and market conditions. As the production subsidiary of the Loew's Inc. theatre chain, MGM spent lavishly on its pictures and injected them with plenty of star power. The practice helped sustain MGM's preeminent position during the heyday of Hollywood. But MGM was a conservative company and watched as other studios innovated with sound and widescreen, adjusted to television, and welcomed independent producers. By the 1960s, the company, sans its theatre chain, was in decline and was ripe for a takeover. A defining moment occurred in 1969, when Kirk Kerkorian, a Las Vegas entrepreneur, made a successful bid for the company. There followed a tumultuous thirty-six-year period when Kerkorian bought and sold MGM three times. Meanwhile, MGM never regained its former status and has functioned as a second-tier company to this day. Focusing on MGM's top talent - such as Louis B. Mayer, Irving Thalberg, David O. Selznick, and Arthur Freed; directors King Vidor and Vincente Minnelli; and stars of the screen Greta Garbo, Judy Garland, Clark Gable, and Mickey Rooney - and award-winning films, this book highlights the studio's artistic achievements and status within the industry.

Presiding over the "golden era" of the British film industry from the mid to late 1940s, J. Arthur Rank financed such classic movies as "Oliver Twist, The Red Shoes, Brief Encounter, Caesar and Cleopatra," and "Black Narcissus"
Having started out with relatively litle knowledge of the cinema, Rank's sponsorship brought about astounding progress within the industry. He invested millions in a radical new technique, "Independent Frame," commissioned newsreels and children's film, set up a "B" Feature training studio, and opened an animation department to rival Disney. By establishing an organization comparable in size to any of the major Hollywood studios, Rank briefly managed to reconcile and consolidate competing demands of "art" and "business."
"J. Arthur Rank and the British Film Industry" charts every aspect of the robust film culture that Rank helped to create. It goes on to explain the eventual collapse of the Rank experiment amidst the economic and political maelstrom of post-war Britain, highlighting the problems still facing the industry today. Combining archival research with interviews with Rank's contemporaries and members of his family, this definitive study firmly restores Rank to his rightful place at the center of British film history.

This edited collection focuses on the production cultures of successful small and medium-sized (SME) film and television companies in Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands and the UK, based on a three-year research project, 'Success in the Film and Television Industries' (SiFTI) funded by the Norwegian Research Council. It explores case studies of multiple businesses that have thrived over a period of at least five years and have made several successful productions: both in terms of popularity and critical acclaim. Chapters investigate their histories and evolution, contextualising these companies and the people who work for them within macro-economic and cultural conditions. This anthology goes further - to compare and contrast these companies cross-nationally, in order to seek common elements that may explain how they have been able to survive and thrive.

Since the 1930s, the Walt Disney Company has produced characters, images, and stories that have captivated audiences around the world. How can we understand the appeal of Disney products? What is it about the Disney phenomenon that attracts so many children, as well as adults? In this updated second edition, with new examples provided throughout, Janet Wasko examines the processes by which the Disney company - one of the largest media and entertainment corporations in the world - continues to manufacture the fantasies that enthrall millions. She analyses the historical expansion of the Disney empire into the twenty-first century, examines the content of Disney's classic and more recent films, cartoons and TV programs and discusses how they are produced, considering how some of the same techniques have been applied to the Disney theme parks. She also discusses the reception (and sometimes, reinterpretation) of Disney products by different kinds of audiences. By looking at the Disney phenomenon from a variety of perspectives, she provides an updated and comprehensive overview of one of the most significant media and cultural institutions of our time. This important book by a leading scholar of the entertainment industries will be of great interest to students in media and cultural studies, as well as a broader readership of Disney fans.

The past two decades have witnessed major changes in film industries worldwide in response to both economic globalisation and technological developments. The dominant position of Hollywood movies in the global film market has remained largely uncontested, but Hollywood itself has become increasingly international in its operations whilst 'regional' screen industries such as those in East Asia and in the Indian subcontinent have (re-)emerged and developed new forms of collaboration. The advent of digital technologies has also transformed the content of films and the ways in which they are made and consumed. Such changes, in turn, have posed new economic and cultural challenges for policy-makers around the world and led to a degree of rethinking of how film policy objectives are to be conceived, defined and implemented. This collection brings together a range of international scholars from the USA, Europe and Asia to consider how film policy has responded to the various economic, technological and political shifts shaping the global film industry; and to identify the many tensions between global and local, economic and cultural, and public and private policy objectives that have been the result of these changes. This book was originally published as a special issue of the International Journal of Cultural Policy.

Gain a comprehensive understanding of the business of entertainment and learn to successfully engage in all aspects of global production with the revised and updated 4th edition of The Producer's Business Handbook. Learn how to cultivate relationships with key industry players including domestic and foreign studios, agencies, attorneys, talent, completion guarantors, banks, and private investors. This edition has been updated to include the latest opportunities presented by changing technology and their impact on the producer's ability to brand, monetize, finance and globally release content. Also included is new information on audience, earning, distribution and funding opportunities created by the explosive growth of VR, AR, 360 and gaming, as well as the rapid conversion to OTT. Additional features include: Completely updated production financing worksheets - an essential tool for producers; Expanded information for low-budget independent producers, internationally-based producers, producers using government funding, and film school students alike; Coverage of China's changing entertainment landscape, including their entertainment consumption, their commitment to produce content for the big global territories, and more; New, full-color illustrations and graphics that provide a visual representation of complex topics.