Inquisitive and diverse, this innovative Research Handbook explores the ways in which human rights apply to people at work, through national constitutional provisions, judicial decisions and the application of rights expressed in supranational instruments. Analysing why certain human rights are deemed fundamental and how they apply in the context of work, this expansive Research Handbook highlights the gulf between the ideal applications of these rights universally, and the increasing reality in the new economy that these are rarely enforceable for employees in alternative forms of employment. Established and emerging scholars provide perspectives from countries across all continents, identifying issues of prominence in their area of the globe. Probing workers' rights and business obligations, the Research Handbook on Labour, Business and Human Rights Law will be imperative reading for scholars and students working within the fields of labour law, human rights, and business ethics. This timely Research Handbook will also appeal to lawyers, trade union officials and government affairs staff, broadening their understanding of the laws and obligations impacting their positions.

Since classical antiquity debates about tyranny, tyrannicide and preventing tyranny's re-emergence have permeated governance discourse. Yet within the literature on the global legal order, tyranny is missing. This book creates a taxonomy of tyranny and poses the question: could the global legal order be tyrannical? This taxonomy examines the benefits attached to tyrannical governance for the tyrant, considers how illegitimacy and fear establish tyranny, asks how rule by law, silence and beneficence aid in governing a tyranny. It outlines the modalities of tyranny: scale, imperialism, gender, and bureaucracy. Where it is determined that a tyranny exists, the book examines the extent of the right and duty to effect tyrannicide. As the global legal order gathers ever more power to itself, it becomes imperative to ask whether tyranny lurks at the global scale.

'This collection is a timely survey of the role of constitutional courts in comparative perspective - it provides an excellent summary of developments in a range of jurisdictions, and locates them in a broader social and political context. Among other factors, it considers global trends toward increasing international and regional human rights protection, increased recognition of second and third generation rights, and trends toward decentralization in democratic governance. It is bound to be of broad interest to both comparative constitutional lawyers and scholars.' - Rosalind Dixon, University of New South Wales, Australia Constitutional review has become an essential feature of modern liberal democratic constitutionalism. In particular, constitutional review in the context of rights litigation has proved to be most challenging for the courts. By offering in-depth analyses on changes affecting constitutional design and constitutional adjudication, while also engaging with general theories of comparative constitutionalism, this book seeks to provide a heightened understanding of the constitutional and political responses to the issue of adaptability and endurance of rights-based constitutional review. These original contributions, written by an array of distinguished experts and illustrated by the most up-to-date case law, cover Australia, Belgium, Finland, France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States, and include constitutional systems that are not commonly studied in comparative constitutional studies. Providing structured analyses, the editors combine studies of common law and civil law jurisdictions, centralized and decentralized systems of constitutional review, and large and small jurisdictions. This multi-jurisdictional study will appeal to members of the judiciary, policy-makers and practitioners looking for valuable insights into the case law of a range of constitutional and supreme courts in this rapidly expanding field of constitutional adjudication. It also serves as an excellent resource for academics, scholars and advanced students in the fields of law, human rights and political science. Contributors: J. Bell, E. Carolan, C. Chandrachud, A. Kavanagh, C. Kelly, J. Lavapuro, T. Ojanen, M.-L. Paris, P. Passaglia, A.R. Robledo, M. Rosenfeld, M. Scheinin, J. Stellios, R. Uitz, M. Verdussen, M. Zagor

Data protection has become such an important area for law - and for society at large - that it is important to understand exactly what we are doing when we regulate privacy and personal data. This study analyses European privacy rights focusing especially on the GDPR, and asks what kind of legal personhood is presupposed in privacy regulation today. Looking at the law from a deconstructive angle, the philosophical foundations of this highly topical field of law are uncovered. By analysing key legal cases in detail, this study shows in a comprehensive manner that personhood is constructed in individualised ways. With its clear focus on issues relating to European Union law and how its future development will impact wider issues of privacy, data protection, and individual rights, the book will be of interest to those trying to understand current trends in EU law.

Liberal concepts of democracy envision courts as key institutions for the promotion and protection of democratic regimes. Yet social science scholarship suggests that courts are fundamentally constrained in ways that undermine their ability to do so. Recognizing these constraints, this book argues that courts can influence regime instability by affecting inter-elite conflict. They do so in three ways: by helping leaders credibly reveal their rationales for policy choices that may appear to violate legal rules; by encouraging leaders to less frequently make decisions that raise concerns about rule violations; and by encouraging the opposition to accept potential rule violations. Courts promote the prudent use of power in each of these approaches. This book evaluates the implications of this argument using a century of global data tracking judicial politics and democratic survival.

Title 26 presents regulations, procedures, and practices that govern income tax, estate and gift taxes, employment taxes, and miscellaneous excise taxes as set forth by the Internal Revenue Service. Additions and revisions to this section of the code are posted annually by April. Publication follows within six months.

The places in which refugees seek sanctuary are often as dangerous and bleak as the conditions they fled. In response, many travel within and across borders in search of safety. As part of these journeys, refugees are increasingly turning to courts to ask for protection, not from persecution in their homeland, but from a place of 'refuge'. This book is the first global and comparative study of 'protection from refuge' litigation, examining whether courts facilitate or hamper refugee journeys with a particular focus on gender. Drawing on jurisprudence from Africa, Europe, North America and Oceania, Kate Ogg shows that courts have transitioned from adopting robust ideas of refuge to rudimentary ones. This trajectory indicates that courts can play a powerful role in creating more just and equitable refugee protection policies, but have, ultimately, compounded the difficulties inherent in finding sanctuary, perpetuating global inequities in refugee responsibility and rendering refuge elusive.

The book Intellectual Property Rights & Public Policy is rooted in the fact that creativity and innovation have been hall mark of knowledge economy. However despite there is an abundance of innovative energies flowing in India a conducive ecosystem to access to education, knowledge and health is far from reality. Being TRIPS compliant country, the equitable and dynamic IP regime with full potential of harnessing intellectual property for India's economic growth, socio-cultural development and promotion of public interest are distant goalposts. The pronouncement of National IPR Policy spelt out the public policy orientation but the need to create robust IP environment as stunning controversy thats spinning out of control needs to hardly emphasized. The book is an erudite compilation of renowned scholars in the field of intellectual property having implication of moulding public policy discourse in intellectual property law. The contributors of the volumes luminates grey areas of research by drawing diverse perspectives from academicians, judges and IP practitioners. The range of papers diverse from jurisprudence of intellectual property to cyber law, human right, access to food and medicine, biotechnology and law. The book investigates prospects as well as the challenges by encompassing theoretical and juridical dimensions in Indian socio-legal context. The consequences of IP institutional failures are unimaginable and pragmatic ending is unthinkable for any vibrant nation like India. The book is never before seen revelations and leading to a single impossible and inconceivable truth of being panacea for plagued public policy diametric but definitely an incredible collection in auguring healthy polemics of knowledge management. To lend appropriate credence to the subject the working of IP Laws and institutions is undertaken to hone out the strategy of IP Law reform in public policy paradigm in India. The outputs of the compilation can capture the attention of not merely legal academics, policy makers, and legal profession but also to IP practitioners, development planner and innovation activists.