Experimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices, are within the scope of these new books . Experimental and theoretical contributions are included in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallisation in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterisation of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; multi-layer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials.

Structure and Dynamics of Macromolecules: Absorption and Fluorescence Studies is clearly written and contains invaluable examples, coupled with illustrations that demonstrate a comprehensible analysis and presentation of the data. This book offers practical information on the fundamentals of absorption and fluorescence, showing that it is possible to interpret the same result in different ways. It is an asset to students, professors and researchers wishing to discover or use absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and to scientists working on the structure and dynamics of macromolecules.
* Offers concise information on the fundamentals of absorption and fluorescence
* Critically reviews examples taken from previously published literature
* Highly illustrated, it is suitable for academic and institutional libraries and government laboratories

"Light is a Messenger" is the first biography of William Lawrence Bragg, who was only 25 when he won the 1915 Nobel Prize in Physics - the youngest person ever to win a Nobel Prize. It describes how Bragg discovered the use of X-rays to determine the arrangement of atoms in crystals and his pivotal role in developing this technique to the point that structures of the most complex molecules known to Man - the proteins and nucleic acids - could be solved. Although Bragg's Nobel Prize was for physics, his research profoundly affected chemistry and the new field of molecular biology, of which he became a founding figure. This book explains how these revolutionary scientific events occurred while Bragg struggled to emerge from the shadow of his father, Sir William Bragg, and amidst a career-long rivalry with the brilliant American chemist, Linus Pauling.

Synchrotron radiation sources are now used routinely by thousands of research scientists and engineers throughout the world to perform experiments in biology, physics, materials science, chemistry and so on. The very best of these sources are based upon the use of undulator and wiggler insertion devices that can enhance the intensity of the radiation by many orders of magnitude. This book, which is part of the Oxford Series on Synchrotron Radiation, brings together both a detailed step by step description of the radiation properties from these devices as well as an explanation of the practical realization of actual devices using available magnet technologies. The book is aimed at not just the users but also the providers of synchrotron radiation. It takes the reader through the fundamental issues, and provides sufficient depth so as to be an indispensable reference to light source designers, accelerator physicists and insertion device specialists. The approach taken is to provide the reader with all of the essential information and to back this up with practical examples and illustrations wherever possible.

There is no question that the field of solid state electronics, which essentially began with work at Bell laboratories just after World War II, has had a profound impact on today's Society. What is not nearly so widely known is that advances in the art and science of crystal growth underpin this technology. Single crystals, once valued only for their beauty, are now found, in one form or another in most electronic, optoelectronic and numerous optical devices. These devices, in turn, have permeated almost every home and village throughout the world. In fact it is hard to imagine what our electronics industry, much less our entire civilization, would have been like if crystal growth scientists and engineers were unable to produce the large, defect free crystals required by device designers.
This book brings together two sets of related articles describing advances made in crystal growth science and technology since World War II. One set is from the proceedings of a Symposium held in August 2002 to celebrate 50 years of progress in the field of crystal growth. The second contains articles previously published in the newsletter of the American Association for Crystal Growth in a series called "Milestones in Crystal Growth."
The first section of this book contains several articles which describe some of the early history of crystal growth prior to the electronics revolution, and upon which modern crystal growth science and technology is based. This is followed by a special article by Prof. Sunagawa which provides some insight into how the successful Japanese crystal growth industry developed. The next section deals with crystal growth fundamentals including concepts of solute distribution, interface kinetics, constitutional supercooling, morphological stability and the growth of dendrites. The following section describes the growth of crystals from melts and solutions, while the final part involves thin film growth by MBE and OMVPE.
These articles were written by some of the most famous theorists and crystal growers working in the field. They will provide future research workers with valuable insight into how these pioneering discoveries were made, and show how their own research and future devices will be based upon these developments.
.Articles written by some of the most famous theorists and crystal growers working in the field
.Valuable insight into how pioneering discoveries were made.
.Show how their own research and future devices will be based upon these developments"

This is the first book to provide a comprehensive treatment of theories and applications in the rapidly expanding field of the crystallography of modular materials. Molecules are the natural modules from which molecular crystalline structures are built. Most inorganic structures, however, are infinite arrays of atoms and some kinds of surrogate modules, e.g. co-ordination polyhedra, are usually used to describe them. In recent years the attention has been focused on complex modules as the basis for a systematic description of polytypes and homologous/polysomatic series (modular structures). This representation is applied to the modelling of unknown structures and understanding nanoscale defects and intergrowths in materials. The Order/Disorder (OD) theory is fundamental to developing a systematic theory of polytypism, dealing with those structures based on both ordered and disordered stacking of one or more layers. Twinning at both unit-cell and micro-scale, together with disorder, causes many problems, "demons", for computer-based methods of crystal structure determination. This book develops the theory of twinning with the inclusion of worked examples, converting the "demons" into useful indicators for unravelling crystal structure. In spite of the increasing use of the concepts of modular crystallography for characterising, understanding and tailoring technological crystalline materials, this is the first book to offer a unified treatment of the results, which are spread across many different journals and original papers published over the last twenty years.

This is the first comprehensive book on the dynamical diffraction of X-rays since the development of synchrotron radiation. Up-to-date, with extensive references, it is required knowledge for x-ray optics and x-ray characterization of materials. An excellent reference book for graduate students and researchers.

Superb study begins with fundamentals of x-ray diffraction theory using Fourier transforms, then applies general results to various atomic structures, amorphous bodies, crystals and imperfect crystals. Elementary laws of X-ray diffraction on crystals follow as special case. Highly useful for solid-state physicists, metallographers, chemists and biologists. 1963 edition. 154 illustrations. Appendixes. Index.

Crystals are the unacknowledged pillars of modern technology. The modern technological developments depend greatly on the availability of suitable single crystals, whether it is for lasers, semiconductors, magnetic devices, optical devices, superconductors, telecommunication, etc. In spite of great technological advancements in the recent years, we are still in the early stage with respect to the growth of several important crystals such as diamond, silicon carbide, PZT, gallium nitride, and so on. Unless the science of growing these crystals is understood precisely, it is impossible to grow them as large single crystals to be applied in modern industry.
This book deals with almost all the modern crystal growth techniques that have been adopted, including appropriate case studies. Since there has been no other book published to cover the subject after the Handbook of Crystal Growth, Eds. DTJ Hurle, published during 1993-1995, this book will fill the existing gap for its readers.
The book begins with ""Growth Histories of Mineral Crystals"" by the most senior expert in this field, Professor Ichiro Sunagawa. The next chapter reviews recent developments in the theory of crystal growth, which is equally important before moving on to actual techniques. After the first two fundamental chapters, the book covers other topics like the recent progress in quartz growth, diamond growth, silicon carbide single crystals, PZT crystals, nonlinear optical crystals, solid state laser crystals, gemstones, high melting oxides like lithium niobates, hydroxyapatite, GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy, superconducting crystals, morphology control, and more. For the first time, the crystal growth modeling has been discussed in detail with reference to PZT and SiC crystals.

The notion of a "quantum group" was introduced by V.G. Dinfeld and M. Jimbo, independently, in their study of the quantum Yang-Baxter equation arising from 2-dimensional solvable lattice models. Quantum groups are certain families of Hopf algebras that are deformations of universal enveloping algebras of Kac-Moody algebras. And over the last 20 years of the 20th century, they have turned out to be the fundamental algebraic structure behind many branches of mathematics and mathematical physics, such as solvable lattice models in statistical mechanics, topological invariant theory of links and knots, representation theory of Kac-Moody algebras, representation theory of algebraic structures, topological quantum field theory, geometric representation theory, and $C $-algebras In particular, the theory of "crystal bases" or "canonical bases" developed independently by M. Kashiwara and G. Lusztig provides a powerful combinatorial and geometric tool to study the representations of quantum groups. The purpose of this book is to provide an elementary introduction to the theory of quantum groups and crystal bases, focusing on the combinatorial aspects of the theory The authors start with t

Dynamical Theory of X-ray Diffraction is the first comprehensive book on the dynamical diffraction of X-rays since the development of synchrotron radiation. The first part provides an introduction to the subject, followed by a detailed treatment of perfect and slightly and highly deformed crystals. The last part gives three applications of the theory: X-ray optics, locations of atoms at surfaces, and X-ray diffraction topography. The book is abundantly illustrated. It will be a useful reference work for graduate students, lecturers, and researchers.

Perspectives in Supramolecular Chemistry will relate recent developments and new exciting approaches in supramolecular chemistry. In supramolecular chemistry, our aim is to understand molecular chemistry beyond the covalent bond - the series will concentrate on goal-orientated supramolecular chemistry. Perspectives in Supramolecular Chemistry will reflect research which develops supramolecular structures with specific new properties, such as recognition, transport and simulation of biosystems or new materials. The series will cover all areas from theoretical and modelling aspects through organic and inorganic chemistry and biochemistry to materials, solid-state and polymer sciences reflecting the many and varied applications of supramolecular structures in modern chemistry. Transition Metals in Supramolecular Chemistry Edited by Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France The chemistry of weak forces and non-covalent interactions as pioneered by Pedersen, Lehn and Cram is considered to be the origin of modern supramolecular chemistry. 30 years ago transition metals and their complexes were not regarded as important to this science. Transition Metals in Supramolecular Chemistry clearly demonstrates that today, transition metal complexes are routinely used to build large multicomponent architectures which display new and exciting applications including molecular switches, liquid crystals, and molecular magnets. Contents

1. Ligand and Metal Control of Self-Assembly in Supramolecular Chemistry
2. Bistability in Iron (II) Spin-Crossover Systems: A Supramolecular Function
3. Luminescent Sensors with and for Transition Metals
4. The Chirality of Polynuclear Transition Metal Complexes
5. Design and Serendipity in the Synthesis of Polynuclear Compounds of the 3d-metals
6. Rotaxanes: From Random to Transition Metal-Templated Threading of Rings at the Molecular Level
7. Metallomesogens — Supramolecular Organisation of Metal Complexes in Fluid Phases
8. Self-Assembly of Interlocked Structures with Cucurbituril Metal Ions and Metal Complexes

Reflecting contemporary science, Transition Metals in Supramolecular Chemistry will inspire scientists and students interested in coordination chemistry, magnetochemistry, molecular sensors and switches, liquid crystals and artificial systems.

At the time of its original publication this reissued 'classic' text, co-written by the Nobel Laureate of 1954, Max Born, represented the final account of the subject and in many ways it still does. The book is divided into four sections. The first of these is very general in nature and deals with the general statistical mechanics of ideal lattices, leading to the electric polarizability and to the scattering of light. The second part deals with the properties of long lattice waves; the third with thermal properties and the fourth with optical properties.

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. More than 270 volumes have been published (all of them still in print) and much of the material is relevant even today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.
Key Features
* Crystal Growth
* Phase Determination
* Instrumentation and Data Collection
* Model Building
* Refinement

This book gives a systematic overview on the scientific fundamentals of crystal growth from the classical phenomenological description to the recent theoretical contributions of statistical physics such as studies on surface roughening and on the pattern formation in the diffusion-limited growth.The book emphasizes physical concepts as well as mathematical details, and is intended to serve as lecture notes for postgraduate courses.

This book is intended as an easy to read supplement to the often brief descriptions of hydrogen bonding found in most undergraduate chemistry and molecular biology textbooks. It describes and discusses current ideas concerning hydrogen bonds ranging from the very strong to the very weak, with introductions to the experimental and theoretical methods involved.

The application of neutron scattering to polymers has been extremely successful during the last two decades. This book presents, for the first time, both the theories and experimental examples which are needed to understand how these techniques can be applied. Now available in paperback for the first time this book is specifically written to introduce the newcomer and non-expert to the experimental techniques and the basic theory necessary to understand the results.

Modern structural applications of crystallography make extensive use of statistical methods, in particular the probability density function (pdf) of the magnitude of the structure factor. Similarly, direct methods of phase determination have been responsible for much of the success of crystallography - methods based on properties of joint pdfs. This monograph, from two authorities in the field of structure factor statics, presents a survey of techniques and theories in this field of research in a self-contained and consistent way, with an emphasis on the probabilistic principles involved.

Hardbound. The apatites and related calcium phosphates have been of considerable interest to biologists, mineralogists, and inorganic and industrial chemists for many years. This book contains a detailed description of the structures and structural interrelationships of the calcium orthophosphates, including the apatites. Their preparation, crystal growth and dissolution, chemical reactions including thermal decomposition, IR, Raman and NMR spectra and various physical properties are discussed. Apatites other than those containing calcium and phosphorus are included. Synthetic, mineral and biological carbonate apatites are also considered. A wide, but critical coverage of the literature is given, which includes a substantial amount not written in English. Research from many disciplines is included which results in a comprehensive compilation of recent work.

This is a self-contained, tutorial introduction to two-dimensional crystal science and technology. Including concise descriptions of experimental methods and results from fundamental theoretical concepts, this book covers a broad range of two-dimensional structures--from overlayers to freestanding films. All those with an active interest in surface science and statistical physics will find this book to be an essential reference work.
Key Features
* Presents a coherent overview of experimental methods and theoretical background of two-dimensional crystal physics
* Provides a tutorial overview of continuous melting of two-dimensional crystals, roughening transitions, wetting phenomena, and commensurate-incommensurate transitions

Modern experimental and computational techniques are capable of determining bond lengths and angles with precisions of a few thousandths of an angstrom and a few tenths of a degree. Such precisions are meaningful only if they are coupled with rigorous error analysis and careful evaluation of the physical meaning of the parameters. This book demonstrates the meaning and applicability of accurate structures and their variations following a rigorous exposure of the demands and caveats in their determination. It establishes guidelines for accuracy requirements in answering broadly varying questions in current chemical research. The 21 chapters by internationally recognized authors discuss the following topics: potential energy surfaces; microwave, infrared, and liquid crystal NMR spectroscopies; gas phase electron diffraction; X-ray and neutron crystallography; electron density studies; ab initio molecular orbital methods and molecular mechanics calculations; the use of structural databases; applications to organic inorganic and organometallic chemistry; studies of reaction pathways; effects of substitution and crystal environment on molecular structure.

Who is Ivan Stranski, you ask? If you Google his name you will find thousands of sites that talk about him. In fact, the Kossel-Stranski model of crystal growth and the Stranski-Krastanov mode of growth of thin epitaxial films are named after him - just two of the many scientific ideas and concepts Professor Stranski introduced to science (and through which a whole new field in science was born). Today thousands of physicists, chemists and materials scientists all over the world are working in the field of crystal growth, particularly in epitaxial growth and nucleation which are necessary for the invention of new materials and high technologies. In this respect, the life, personality and way of thinking of this remarkable scientist should be of great interest to both beginners and professionals in science.This book describes the life and scientific achievements of Ivan Stranski, Bulgarian-German physical chemist and the father of crystal growth, against the historical backdrop of wars, massacres, and remarkable scientific discoveries in the 20th century. It covers his family roots, which are remarkable in their own right, his life and career both in Bulgaria and Germany (West Berlin), and his scientific achievements, including his most important contribution to the physics of crystal growth.The book captures Professor Stranski's personality and way of thinking as much as possible from the recollections of his disciples and contemporaries. Short biographical notes about his most renowned students in Bulgaria, Rostislaw Kaischew and Lyubomir Krastanov, with whom Stranski developed his most fundamental ideas are also included.

This reference book presents a unique and comprehensive review of the crystallographic properties of all the elements and will be a valuable resource for metallurgists and crytallographers. The crystallographic properties of the elements are evaluated at ambient pressure in order to provide a base line for high pressure studies. Lattice parameters of the elements are presented as a function of temperature and related properties such as thermal expansion coefficients, molar volumes, and densities are provided. Special attention is given to ensure that the selected values correspond to the latest values of atomic weights and the fundamental constants. The author, John Arblaster spent his career as a metallurgical chemist analyzing a wide variety of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and alloys in a number of commercial laboratories. He first became interested in crystallography in order to solve the dispute over whether osmium or iridium was the densest metal in the room temperature region. He showed, by proper application of up-to-date input data, that it was in fact osmium. He then produced comprehensive reviews on the crystallographic properties of the six platinum group of metals and has now extended this work to all of the elements.