This book examines patterns of economic governance in three specific, contrasting, contexts: machinery-producing districts; declining steel cities; and clusters of high-technology activities. Building on the work of their previous book (Local Production Systems in Europe: Rise or Demise? OUP 2001), which charted the recent development of local clusters of specialized manufacturing among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, the authors find patterns of economic governance far more complex and dynamic than usually described in a literature which insists on identifying simple national approaches. The machinery industries were often identified in the literature of the 1980s as prominent cases of industrial district formation, which were then considerably weakened by the crises of the mid-1990s. Did clustering help these industries and their associated districts to respond to challenge, or only weaken them further? The case studies focus on the Bologna and Modena area of Emilia-Romagna, Stuttgart in Baden-Wurttemberg, Birmingham and Coventry in the English west midlands, but generally in France where there are very few local concentrations. Even while some thought local production systems were in crisis, national governments and the European Commission continued to recommend their approach to areas experiencing economic decline. This was particularly the case for cities that had been dependent on a small number of large corporations in industries that would no longer be major employers. Political and business leaders in these areas were encouraged to diversify, in particular through SMEs. Could this be done in response to external pressure, given that successful local production systems depend on endogenous vitality? The authors ask these questions of former steel-producing cities St. Etienne, Duisburg, Piombino, and Sheffield. The idea that local production systems had had their day was challenged by clear evidence of clustering among SMEs in a number of flourishing high-tech industries in parts of the USA and western Europe. Why do scientists, other specialists and firms actively embedded in global networks, bother with geographical proximity? This question is addressed by examining the software firms at Grenoble, the mass media cluster in Cologne, the information technology sector around Pisa, and the Oxfordshire biotechnology region.

From Benjamin Franklin to Ragged Dick to Jack Kelly, hero of the Disney musical Newsies, newsboys have long intrigued Americans as symbols of struggle and achievement. But what do we really know about the children who hawked and delivered newspapers in American cities and towns? Who were they? What was their life like? And how important was their work to the development of a free press, the survival of poor families, and the shaping of their own attitudes, values and beliefs? Crying the News: A History of America's Newsboys offers an epic retelling of the American experience from the perspective of its most unshushable creation. It is the first book to place newsboys at the center of American history, analyzing their inseparable role as economic actors and cultural symbols in the creation of print capitalism, popular democracy, and national character. DiGirolamo's sweeping narrative traces the shifting fortunes of these "little merchants" over a century of war and peace, prosperity and depression, exploitation and reform, chronicling their exploits in every region of the country, as well as on the railroads that linked them. While the book focuses mainly on boys in the trade, it also examines the experience of girls and grown-ups, the elderly and disabled, blacks and whites, immigrants and natives. Based on a wealth of primary sources, Crying the News uncovers the existence of scores of newsboy strikes and protests. The book reveals the central role of newsboys in the development of corporate welfare schemes, scientific management practices, and employee liability laws. It argues that the newspaper industry exerted a formative yet overlooked influence on working-class youth that is essential to our understanding of American childhood, labor, journalism, and capitalism.

An important phase in the American book trade's shift from colonial craft work to nineteenth-century big business took place in the early national period, as printers began to take on the risks of book publishing by creating and serving new markets. The focus of Printers and Men of Capital is a group of late eighteenth-century printers in Philadelphia who came of age during the years of the Revolution. While the new nation was being formed and defined, these men were seeking to build a publishing industry and establish themselves in their trade. In the 1780s and 1790s, men like Benjamin Franklin Bache and William Duane evolved from printing craftsmen to activist newspaper publishers. Other printers, including Mathew Carey, Thomas Dobson, and William Woodward, turned their sights on book publishing. Rosalind Remer focuses on the risk-taking strategies of these latter entrepreneurs and on the younger firms that learned from them. She shows how they combined many traditional eighteenth-century forms of business organization with newer methods of financing, sales, and distribution. Making use of the publishers' business records and correspondence, as well as the books they produced, Printers and Men of Capital makes a genuine contribution to our understanding of the development of a domestic economy and culture.

"God's Plagiarist" is an entertaining account of the abbe Jacques-Paul Migne, one of the great entrepreneurs of the nineteenth century. A priest in Orleans from 1824 to 1833, Migne then moved to Paris, where, in the space of a decade, he built one of the most extensive publishing ventures of all time.
How did he do it?
Migne harnessed a deep well of personal energy and a will of iron to the latest innovations in print technology, advertising, and merchandising. His assembly-line production and innovative marketing of the massive editions of the Church Fathers placed him at the forefront of France's new commerce. Characterized by the police as one of the great "schemers" of the century, this priest-entrepreneur put the most questionable of business practices in the service of his devotion to Catholicism.
Part detective novel, part morality tale, Bloch's narrative not only will interest scholars of nineteenth-century French intellectual history but will appeal also to general readers interested in the history of publishing or just a good historical yarn.
"An unforgettable, Daumier-like portrait, sharp and satirical, of this enterprising, austere and somewhat crazed merchandiser of sacred learning. . . . Bloch deserves great credit for the wit and style of his effort to explore the Pedantic Park of nineteenth-century learning, that island of monsters which scholars have found, as yet, no escape."--Anthony Grafton, "New Republic"
"Bloch is an exhilarating guide to the methods which made Migne the Napoleon of the Prospectus, a publicist of genius, Buffalo Bill and P.T. Barnum rolled into one."--David Coward, "Times Literary Supplement"
"Mercifully, Bloch's sense of humour has none of that condescending mock-bewilderment commonly applied to the foreign or ancient. . . . It enables Bloch to promote Migne as a forerunner of the department store and to place him on a continuum running from St. Paul to the Tupperware party: the quality of the merchandise is increasingly irrelevant, still more the nature of its contents."--Graham Robb, "London Review of Books"

This book explores the history of private internal trade in the USSR during the NEP of the 1920s. Private traders operated in a politically hostile but economically promising environment. Their contribution to post-war reconstruction was a crucial one. An exhaustive portrayal of the markets and dimensions of private trade is contrasted with the felt anxieties of Bolsheviks concerning traders' destabilising intentions and abilities. Retrospectively, many of these apprehensions were misplaced.

Trust in Market Relationships illustrates that the importance of trust in a commercial arena has intensified as markets have become more complex. As business relationships become ever critical for a firm's economic results in highly competitive markets, and trust represents the basic platform for the development of successful long-term collaborations.Sandro Castaldo attempts to order the analytical complexity and myriad perspectives that characterise research on trust. He aims not to simplify this complexity, but to present guidelines for an interpretative model of trust, and to define fundamental concepts for trust management strategies. Issues explored include: the nature of trust, the relevance of trust to firms' intangible assets and value creation; dimensions of trust in marketing studies; psychological, sociological and organizational studies and the transactional cost theory; trust determinants, consequences and evolutionary processes and cycles. With its wide literature review and complete field overview, this multi-disciplinary approach to the complex facets of trust in market relationships will strongly appeal to those with an interest in marketing, trust management and organizational studies.

This book contains sisteen essays which explore comprehensively and systematically the ways and means of facilitating cooperation in ESAS in the era of globalization.

Though now remembered as an act of anti-colonial protest leading to the Egyptian military coup of 1952, the Cairo Fire that burned through downtown stores and businesses appeared to many at the time as an act of urban self-destruction and national suicide. The logic behind this latter view has now been largely lost. Offering a revised history, Nancy Reynolds looks to the decades leading up to the fire to show that the lines between foreign and native in city space and commercial merchandise were never so starkly drawn.
Consumer goods occupied an uneasy place on anti-colonial agendas for decades in Egypt before the great Cairo Fire. Nationalist leaders frequently railed against commerce as a form of colonial captivity, yet simultaneously expanded local production and consumption to anchor a newly independent economy. Close examination of struggles over dress and shopping reveals that nationhood coalesced informally from the conflicts and collaboration of consumers "from below" as well as more institutional and prescriptive mandates.

Gene Grossman and Elhanan Helpman are widely acclaimed for their pioneering theoretical studies of how special interest groups seek to influence the policymaking process in democratic societies. This collection of eight of their previously published articles is a companion to their recent monograph, "Special Interest Politics." It clarifies the origins of some of the key ideas in their monograph and shows how their methods can be used to illuminate policymaking in a critical area.

Following an original introduction to the contents of the book and its relationship to "Special Interest Politics," the first three chapters focus on campaign contributions and candidate endorsements--two of the tools that interest groups use in their efforts to influence policy outcomes. The remaining chapters present applications to trade policy issues. Grossman and Helpman demonstrate how the approaches developed in their monograph can shed light on tariff formation in small and large countries, on the conduct of multilateral trade negotiations, and on the viability of bilateral free trade agreements. They also examine the forms that regional and multilateral trade agreements are likely to take and the ways in which firms invest abroad to circumvent trade barriers induced by political pressures.

The articles collected in this volume are required reading for anyone interested in international relations, trade policy, or political economy. They show why Grossman and Helpman are global leaders in the fields of international economics and political economy.

Die Arbeit behandelt die Musikverwertung mit Hilfe von Tontragern und Netzen. Nach einem kurzen Abriss der Tontragergeschichte wird der bestehende Rechtsrahmen im nationalen, europaischen und internationalen Kontext dargestellt. Die Anreize zur Musikproduktion und -verwertung werden herausgearbeitet. Eine industrieoekonomische Branchenanalyse der deutschen Tontragerwirtschaft folgt. Sie zeigt, dass hohe Konzentration und nur geringer Preiswettbewerb herrscht. Hauptsachlicher Aktionsparameter im Wettbewerb ist die Produktkonkurrenz. Abschliessend werden die technischen Weiterentwicklungen zur netzgebundenen Online-Verwertung von Musik untersucht, die Eintrittspotentiale marktnaher Unternehmen analysiert und wahrscheinliche Veranderungen bei Marktstruktur, -verhalten und -ergebnissen aufgezeigt.

This text covers such topics as value, money, agriculture, domestic and foreign trade, war, labor, interest rates, luxuries, and the various government policies that affect these subjects.The theme that unites these disparate subjects is liberty.
As Condillac writes near the end of the work, the means to eradicate all the abuses and injustices of government is "to give trade full, complete and permanent freedom." In their preface to the 1997 edition, Shelagh and Walter Eltis wrote, "English language readers . . . will find . . . that the case for competitive market economics has rarely been presented more powerfully."
Etienne Bonnot, Abbe de Condillac (1714-1780) was one of eighteenth-century France's preeminent philosophers of the Enlightenment, who had wide-ranging influence beyond metaphysics and epistemology to political thought and economics. He was a leading advocate in France of the ideas of John Locke, Bishop George Berkeley, and David Hume.
Shelagh Eltis is a historian and graduate of Somerville College, Oxford, U.K.
Walter Eltis is an Emeritus Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford, and Visiting Professor of Economics at the University of Reading, U.K.

Dieses Lehrbuch behandelt die Grundlagen des eCommerce im Bereich Business-to-Business (B2B), bei dem ahnliche Prinzipien der Kundenansprache zu beobachten sind wie im B2C eCommerce. Gerrit Heinemann beleuchtet die Besonderheiten und Geschaftsmodelle des B2B eCommerce, analysiert die digitalen Herausforderungen und zeigt die Konsequenzen und Chancen fur den Online-Verkauf im B2B auf. Anerkannte Best-Practice-Beispiele veranschaulichen, wie erfolgreicher B2B eCommerce funktionieren kann und welche Risiken dabei zu beachten sind.

New Tools for Succeeding Globally Why do so many global strategies fail--despite companies' powerful brands and other border-crossing advantages? Because a one-size-fits-all strategy no longer stands a chance. When firms believe in the illusions of a "flat" world and the death of distance, they charge across borders as if the globe were one seamless marketplace. But cross-border differences are larger than we assume. Most economic activity--including trade, real and financial investment, tourism, and communication--happens locally, not internationally. In this "semiglobalized" approach, companies can cross borders more profitably by basing their strategies on the geopolitical differences that matter; they must identify the barriers their strategies will have to overcome, and they must build bridges to cross those barriers. Based on rigorous research, Pankaj Ghemawat shows how to create successful strategies and provides practical management tools so you can: Assess the cultural, administrative, geographic, and economic differences between regions at the industry level--and decide which ones require attention Track the implications of the specific border-crossing actions that will impact your company's ability to create value the most Generate superior performance through strategies that are optimized for the three A's: adaptation (adjusting to differences), aggregation (overcoming differences), and arbitrage (exploiting differences) Using in-depth examples, Ghemawat reveals how companies such as Cemex, Toyota, Procter & Gamble, Tata Consultancy Services, IBM, and GE Healthcare are adroitly managing cross-border differences. He also shares examples of other well-known companies that have failed at this challenge. Crucial for any business competing across borders, Redefining Global Strategy will help you make the most of our semiglobalized world.

Dieses Buch zeigt, wie der Handel die richtigen strategischen Weichen stellen und die Moeglichkeiten der Digitalisierung zur Steigerung des Kundenerlebnisses nutzen kann. Ausgewiesene Experten untersuchen die Chancen und Risiken der Digitalisierung fur Unternehmen und liefern wertvolle Tipps fur die Weiterentwicklung der eigenen Digitalisierungsstrategie im Handel. Die langjahrige Erfahrung und das Expertenwissen der Verfasser werden in der Darstellung erfolgreicher Beispiele, in pragmatischen Ideen und empirischen Forschungsergebnissen deutlich. Der Inhalt* Kundenerlebnis und digitale Innovationen als Treiber erfolgreicher Geschaftsmodelle * Seamless Shopping: komplett, digital, uber alle Kanale hinweg* Die Verzahnung von Online- und Offline-Handel* Mit Virtual Promoter zum Point of Experience* Digitalisierung im Retail After Market* Lieferdienste - Profilierungsmoeglichkeiten im durch die Digitalisierung beeinflussten Handel* Marke, Pricing und Service als Elemente einer Digitalisierungsstrategie Die Herausgeber Prof. Dr. Marc Knoppe lehrt International Retail Management, Strategic Marketing & Innovation Management an der Technischen Hochschule Ingolstadt.Martin Wild ist Chief Innovation Officer (CINO) der MediaMarktSaturn Retail Group

This is the 16th edition of the classic text on the UK economy, originally edited by Prest and Coppock. Comprehensively rewritten and updated at frequent intervals, The UK Economy has become acknowledged as one of the most systematic, up to date, and balanced assessments of British economic life. Written by a team of specialist economists and edited for the second time by Malcolm Sawyer, it combines factual information and informed analysis in the single most accessible guide to the character, problems, and performance of the British economy.
Each chapter is written by an expert contributor. For this new edition all of the chapters have been carefully updated to include new data and analysis, ensuring that book remains fully up to date, and continues to provide an excellent introduction to the UK economy in its domestic, EU and global context.
This new edition will have a companion web site containing Powerpoint slides for lecturers, annotated web links and a brief commentary on useful web sites. The site will be updated twice a year to provide new statistics and information regarding policy changes. The site will also contain material that contributors were unable to include in their chapters.