Summarizes signaling pathways regulated by redox reactions Reveals how redox pathways affect cancer and tumor cell metastasis Chapters by an internationals team of leading researchers Chapters describe redox regulation influences developmental processes and these processes originated even before there was much oxygen in the atmosphere

In 1981, David Jenkins, Thomas Wolever, and colleagues introduced the concept of the glycemic index (GI) to differentiate carbohydrates based on the rate of blood glucose rise following their consumption. Although GI was first used in diet therapy for diabetes, research evidence has accumulated since then to thousands of publications from all over the world with applications for prevention and/or management of many diseases, as well as effects on physiological states and exercise. The Glycemic Index: Applications in Practice has gathered together, in an unbiased and critical way, all the evidence and research on GI, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy outcomes, sports performance, eye health, and cognitive functioning. It provides a detailed explanation on how to correctly measure a food's GI, how the GI of food products can be altered, as well as the use and misuse of GI labelling around the globe. The contributors are either pioneers or experts in the area of GI from all around the globe, including Australia, Canada, Europe, and the United States. The book is a valuable source of information for healthcare professionals of various disciplines, nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, medical doctors, sports scientists, psychologists, public health (nutrition) policy makers, and students in these fields, as well as an important addition to university libraries.

This book focuses on neuron signaling in the regulation of metabolism and body weight, and especially on methods used in these studies. Obesity and related metabolic syndromes have reached epidemic status, but still are no effective strategies for prevention and treatment. Body weight homeostasis is maintained by balanced food intake and energy expenditure, both of which are under the control of brain neurons. In the recent years, significant progress has been made in identifying specific neurons, neural pathways, and non-neuron cells in feeding regulation, as well as in delineating autonomic nervous systems targeting peripheral metabolic tissues in the regulation of energy expenditure and metabolism. This book reviews recent progress on important neuron signaling for body weight and metabolic regulation and the state-of-the-art methods that has been applied in this field, ranging from animal models with neuron-specific manipulations, pharmacology, optogenetics, in vivo Ca2+ imaging, and viral tracing. Readers will be exposed to latest research frontiers on neuron regulation of metabolism. Key Features Explores the role signaling between neurons plays with respect to metabolism Documents how neurotransmitters affect the regulation of feeding Describes various methods and technologies used to study the neuronal control of metabolism Includes contributions from an international team of leading researchers. Related Titles Lim, W. & B. Mayer. Cell Signaling: Principles and Mechanisms (ISBN 978-0-8153-4244-1) Feltz, A. Physiology of Neurons (ISBN 978-0-8153-4600-5) Zempleni, J. & K. Dakshinamurti, eds. Nutrients and Cell Signaling (ISBN 978-0367-39307-6)

Diabetes occurs at such an alarming rate that it can be described as a global epidemic. Following its predecessor, Nutrition and Diabetes: Pathophysiology and Management, Second Edition, is a comprehensive resource that describes various factors that drive the accumulation of excess body weight and fat resulting in obesity. The book discusses the metabolic aberrations found in obesity and how they lead to the association of obesity with diabetes. This new edition highlights the role played by diet and the interrelationships in the metabolism of key nutrients in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes which provides the scientific basis for treatment and management approaches. Features Highlights the role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes Organized logically into two easy-to-use sections - Pathophysiology and Management of Obesity and Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes Features emerging therapeutic approaches for management of obesity and diabetes Discusses experience in the management of obesity and diabetes in developing countries Presents challenges in insulin therapy and provides guidelines to overcome them The first section of the book retains key topics from the previous edition and contains new chapters including genetic determinants of nutrient processing; fat distribution and diabetes mellitus; combined effect of diet and physical activity in the management of obesity; pharmacologic treatment of obesity; and the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of obesity. The second section features updated versions of most of the other chapters in the first edition comprising a modified chapter on oxidative stress and the effects of dietary supplements on glycemic control in Type 2 diabetes. In addition, new chapters are added in this section and include the contribution of iron and transition metal micronutrients to diabetes; role of microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes; primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes; and the pathophysiology and management of Type 1 diabetes.

Adopting an anthrozoological perspective to study the participation of non-human animals in regimes of care, this book examines the use of canine scent detection to alert 'hypo-unaware' individuals to symptoms of human chronic illness. Based on ethnographic research and interviews, it focuses on the manner in which trained assistance dogs are able to use their sense of smell to alert human companions with Type 1 diabetes to imminent hypoglycaemic episodes, thus reducing the risk of collapse into unconsciousness, coma or, at worst, death. Through analyses of participant narrations of the everyday complexities of 'doing' diabetes with the assistance of medical alert dogs, the author sheds light on the way in which each human-canine dyad becomes acknowledged as a team of 'one' in society. Based on the concept of dogs as friends and work colleagues, as animate instruments and biomedical resources, the book raises conceptual questions surrounding the acceptable use of animals and their role within society. As such, this volume will appeal to scholars across the social sciences with interests in human-animal interactions and intersections. It may also appeal to healthcare practitioners and individuals interested in innovative multispecies methods of managing chronic illness.

This book will enlighten on some of the recent progress in diabetic care and therapy. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because of the inability of cells to respond to the insulin that is produced. According to the recent report of World Health Organization, 346 million people worldwide are suffering from diabetes, and in 2004, approximately 3.4 million people died as a result of high blood sugar. This book explores applying both classical and modern approaches to the management of diabetes by focusing on a holistic approach. Great attention has been focused on global trends in diabetes, epidemiology of diabetes, inhibitors in diabetes and diabetes therapy, vitamins and diabetes, and the role of dietary fats in diabetes in this book. Topics include: * diabetic foot ulcers and therapeutic footwear * Withania coagulans. Dunal as an antidiabetic herb * the pharmacological interventions for diabetic cardiomyopathy * the use of saliva as a noninvasive tool to monitor glycemic control in diabetic patients * a cutting-edge biomedical device for continuous in vivo glucose monitoring * the temporal effect of repeated stress in the pathophysiology of T2DM * nanosensor technology for glucose detection The editors and authors emphasize a holistic approach toward the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diabetes by joining hands with experts from various disciplines Medical students and doctors of modern medicine, Ayurveda, homeopathy, etc., medical reserachers, researchers in the area of diabetes, pharma professionals.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. The field of clinical nutrition as a whole seeks to consider the nutrition of patients within the healthcare system, paying attention to the interactions between diet, nutrition, and disease. To that end, this book discusses nutrition as both a contributing and managing factor in relation to diseases such as obesity and diabetes. It also presents malnutrition as a contributing factor to such diseases and considers the efficacy of micronutrient supplementation. It ends by looking at some of the recent developments and future trends in the field of clinical nutrition.

This volume presents a thought-provoking state-of-the-art picture of how volatile compounds are used in metabolomics, currently a hot topic in the metabolomics field. It provides a thorough description of what volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are, why they are important in biomedicine, and what the analytical platforms are used. It also looks at multivariate analysis and databases needs. Because VOCs are end-up compounds of metabolic processes, volatiles can be linked to different diseases or pathologies for both diagnosis and prognosis. The authors provide authoritative information and guidance on the analytical and statistical techniques used and how to identify, and they review the main current areas of application, which include breath metabolomics, cancer diagnosis, and microbial volatiles. Key Features: Presents a thorough overview of volatile research in biomedical applications Examines both gold standard techniques (metabolomics based) and artificial olfactory systems Reviews all aspects of volatile metabolites in biomedicine research, from origin to detection platforms Describes relevant diseases diagnosis and prognosis achievements, including cancer

Inspired by Carlos Beyer's 50 years of pioneering research and influence on his students and colleagues, Behavioral Neuroendocrinology builds upon Beyer's fundamental discoveries and concepts as well as their widespread implications. It presents original research and reviews on mechanisms - genomic and non-genomic - of steroid and protein hormone action; the role of steroid metabolism, especially aromatization, protein phosphorylation, and neurotransmitter action in mediating reproductive behavior and sexual differentiation; and brain and spinal cord mechanisms in sexual behavior and analgesia. This book presents a rich diversity of topics - lactation, maternal behavior, pheromone action, chronobiology, allodynia, angiogenesis, prostate physiology, sexual motivation, and specific brain systems, including vomeronasal system, cerebellum, preoptic area, hypothalamus, and spinal cord. This book brings together, in one source, an international "family" of researchers whose work has evolved in diverse but related ways from a seminal set of discoveries and concepts in behavioral neuroendocrinology.

This guide is structured to assist physicians in the management of those hypertensive patients who present with specific comorbidities, such as diabetes, systolic dysfunction, obesity, renal disease, or previous cardiac events, often associated with hypertension. The clinical cases contained in this book have been selected to provide a paradigmatic set of scenarios frequently encountered in daily clinical practice, and will serve as an easy-to-access tool in applying general guidelines to individual patients, particularly in the choice of the most appropriate antihypertensive therapy. Treatment of hypertension with associated clinical conditions require specific therapies and combinations of drugs, which are necessarily different from one comorbidity to another. By discussing exemplary cases that may better represent clinical practice in a "real world" setting, and analyzing step by step the diagnostic and therapeutic process, this book will assist cardiologists and physicians in selecting the diagnostic tools and forms of treatment best suited to the individual patient and the particular cardiovascular risk profile.

The demands of caring for a child with diabetes can often become exhausting and overwhelming. Diabetes Distress and Burnout for Parents and Carers provides support to those caring for a child with type 1 diabetes. This booklet helps readers to identify the symptoms of burnout, understand what triggers them, and learn what steps they can take to improve their symptoms and build resilience. Featuring quotes from caregivers who have experienced and overcome burnout and practical tools to manage and ease the symptoms alongside guidance on what to do if a relapse occurs. In addition, the booklet highlights the support available and provides helpful links to sources and organisations where readers can go for further information on diabetes. An ideal resource for caregivers of children and young people with type 1 diabetes, as well as the wider diabetes healthcare team, including clinical psychologists, specialist nurses, endocrinologists and general practitioners.

Thoroughly updated to reflect today's recent advances in adult and pediatric endocrinology, DeGroot's Endocrinology, 8th Edition, remains the comprehensive, international reference of choice for today's endocrinologists and fellows. A full peer review of the previous edition, conducted by a largely new group of renowned editors, was used to update this trusted, two-volume resource. In-depth coverage of both basic and clinical aspects of endocrinology and up-to-date information on the treatment and management of endocrine disorders are provided by a diverse group of expert contributors from six continents. A full-color format and helpful algorithms summarize clinical decision-making and practical approaches to patient management. Organizes content by all the glands that regulate the endocrine system while integrating basic science and clinical presentations of disease. Includes new chapters: Anatomy and Physiology of the Hypothalmus and Pituitary, Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, Medullary Thyroid Cancer, Drugs that Affect Thyroid Function, Genetic Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex, Adrenal Pathology, Primary Aldosteronism, Transgender Healthcare, Erectile Dysfunction, Prevalence and Causes of Male Infertility, Sexual Dysfunction in the Female, Glucose Toxicity and Oxidative Stress. Emphasizes basic science and evidence-based practice throughout. Features extensive updates to content on thyroid and adrenal disfunction, endocrine-disrupting chemicals and human disease, clinical management of diabetes, and advances in genetics. Includes algorithms to outline effective treatment protocols. Contains new emphasis boxes that highlight key points in each chapter. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a metabolic disorder in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Lack of sufficient insulin causes presence of excess sugar levels in the blood. As a result the glucose levels in diabetic patients are more than normal ones. It has symptoms like frequent urination, increased hunger, increase thirst and high blood sugar. There are mainly three types of diabetes namely type-1, type-2 and gestational diabetes. Type-1 DM occurs due to immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the beta-cells and Type-2 DM occurs due to insulin resistance. Gestational DM occurs in women during pregnancy due to insulin blocking by pregnancy harmones. Among these three types of DM, type-2 DM is more prevalence, and impacting so many millions of people across the world. Classification and predictive systems are actually reliable in the health care sector to explore hidden patterns in the patients data. These systems aid, medical professionals to enhance their diagnosis, prognosis along with remedy organizing techniques. The less percentage of improvement in classifier predictive accuracy is very important for medical diagnosis purposes where mistakes can cause a lot of damage to patient's life. Hence, we need a more accurate classification system for prediction of type-2 DM. Although, most of the above classification algorithms are efficient, they failed to provide good accuracy with low computational cost. In this book, we proposed various classification algorithms using soft computing techniques like Neural Networks (NNs), Fuzzy Systems (FS) and Swarm Intelligence (SI). The experimental results demonstrate that these algorithms are able to produce high classification accuracy at less computational cost. The contributions presented in this book shall attempt to address the following objectives using soft computing approaches for identification of diabetes mellitus. Introuducing an optimized RBFN model called Opt-RBFN. Designing a cost effective rule miner called SM-RuleMiner for type-2 diabetes diagnosis. Generating more interpretable fuzzy rules for accurate diagnosis of type2 diabetes using RST-BatMiner. Developing accurate cascade ensemble frameworks called Diabetes-Network for type-2 diabetes diagnosis. Proposing a Multi-level ensemble framework called Dia-Net for improving the classification accuracy of type-2 diabetes diagnosis. Designing an Intelligent Diabetes Risk score Model called Intelli-DRM estimate the severity of Diabetes mellitus. This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators who need to analyze disease data and/or numerical data, as well as researchers developing methodology in soft computing field. It may also be used as a textbook for a graduate and post graduate level course in machine learning or soft computing.

Key Features: 1. Builds on its strength of having excellent content on long-term management of hyperglycemia by including pancreas and islet transplantation. 2. Contains invaluable information on glucose monitoring for healthcare professionals interested in diabetes.

The incidence and severity of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, presenting a significant burden to society both in economic terms and overall well-being. Fortunately, time-tested anti-diabetes mellitus plant foods exist that are safe and could be effective in addressing this condition when consumed judiciously with a concomitant change in lifestyle. Plants with Anti-Diabetes Mellitus Properties presents an exhaustive compilation of the anti-diabetes mellitus activities of more than 1000 plants occurring worldwide. The author provides a brief botanical description, distribution, pharmacological properties, and phytochemicals, where appropriate. A list of traditional medicinal plants used to treat diabetes, but not tested for anti-diabetic activity, is also given. This unique reference highlights anti-diabetes mellitus plant foods along with a list of the edible parts of plants with anti-diabetes mellitus properties. Anti-diabetes mellitus nutraceuticals are described with guidelines for the development of food supplements and formulations of diets appropriate for diabetic patients. This is a valuable source of information for researchers, students, doctors, diabetic patients, and other individuals wanting to learn more about plant-based treatments for diabetes mellitus.

Highly Commended, BMA Medical Book Awards 2013 Sarcoidosis represents a major challenge for physicians-not just in respiratory medicine, but across a range of specialties. This book, with a multidisciplinary authorship of the highest standard, presents the most up-to-date thinking on all aspects of the condition, from epidemiology to clinical manifestations and treatment options. Full coverage is given to both respiratory and non-respiratory aspects. The basic science that underlies the disease and its progression is evaluated in detail, and placed into its correct clinical context. Possible future advances are covered in a concluding section. The editors-all leading figures in the field with international reputations-have compiled the definitive work on the subject in a single volume. The book is fully comprehensive and evidence based and will be an essential addition to the bookshelves of all whose practice involves the care and treatment of patients with sarcoidosis.

Diabetes is a complex disease--but learning about it shouldn't be

A Type 2 diabetes diagnosis can be daunting, but it is also manageable. With this all-in-one guide, you will get expert advice on establishing a healthier lifestyle and getting control of your diabetes. "The Everything Guide to Managing Type 2 Diabetes" provides easy-to-follow advice on all aspects of living with diabetes, and helps you:

• Recognize the symptoms of prediabetes and diabetes
• Monitor your blood glucose levels
• Learn about the types of insulin and insulin-delivery systems
• Understand the importance of nutrition and exercise
• Reduce the short- and long-term effects of diabetes

Filled with reliable advice and the latest information on medication, therapies, blood sugar monitoring, and more, this invaluable guide shows you how to take control of your diabetes and enjoy your life

Different genetic diagnostic and treatment options are used worldwide to improve routine IVF procedures for the benefit of patients. This handbook updates the new genetic diagnostic technologies that have been translated to the clinic, aiming to improve outcomes in the clinic and result in a healthy baby in the home. Chapters cover the use of genetic technologies in a personalized manner to unravel the possible genetic risks for the couple wishing to conceive, in terms of sperm, the embryo, the endometrium, miscarriage, and finally the fetus. This expanded new edition covers the range of the latest genetic diagnostic technologies being translated into practice internationally to improve routine IVF procedures for the benefit of patients. Bringing together international experts to discuss their work, this text gives a context for the developments in this very fast-moving area of research and offers a comprehensive and rounded appraisal of hot topics.

Diabetes is a chronic disease involving self-management by the patients. This book teaches providers the skills to translate and transfer complex medical information to empower patients to participate in making well-informed decisions about their own care on a daily basis, as directed by the American Diabetes Association. It provides the basic knowledge around the pathophysiology of diabetes, different management options including insulin management and calculations, information on how foods affect blood sugars and how to address cardiovascular risk factors. This book aims to change clinical outcomes through its unique presentation of information and its approach to awareness. Key Features Follows a unique approach in imparting techniques that bring long-term patient behaviour changes, making the provision of chronic disease management more efficient and satisfying Serves to help professionals in their day-to-day patient management to achieve better outcomes Addresses the area of need for primary care and helps to make well-informed decisions by understanding the essential cost of care

New Techniques for Studying Biomembranes describes some of the latest methods used to investigate the dynamic distribution of specific lipids in membranes and their effects on other membrane components. The contributors present important discoveries with respect to lipid analysis and lipid interactions with membrane proteins. Various methods, which have been used to study lipid bilayer structure and lipid organization in membranes, include both in vitro and in vivo membrane systems, and study membrane proteins in various membrane systems. Key Features: Reviews both in vivo and in vitro analytical technologies and methods for studying membrane structure and function Explores how lipid bilayers and membrane proteins interact Includes contributions from an international team of researchers actively studying membrane structure and function Identifies various diseases whose causes are related to membrane proteins Related Titles: Christopher R. Jacobs, Hayden Huang, and Ronald Y. Kwon. Introduction to Cell Mechanics and Mechanobiology (ISBN 978-0-8153-4425-4) Wendell Lim and Bruce Mayer. Cell Signaling: Principles and Mechanisms (ISBN 978-0-8153-4244-1) Stephen Rothman. Proteins Crossing Membranes: A Scientist's Memoir (978-0-3670-7449-4)

Currently, there are a limited amount of guidelines to help clinicians manage patients with obesity and comorbid mental disorders. This expertly written source fills the gap in the literature by providing a clear overview of obesity and its relationship to mental illness while reviewing the most recent methods to manage and control the condition with diet, exercise, psychological treatments, pharmacotherapy, and surgery.

This book reviews the pathophysiology and physical manifestations of acromegaly and discusses the multiple treatment options now available for the management of the patient with acromegaly. The book contains an ample number of illustrations that help to emphasize points of particular interest, including radiological, histopathological, and physical diagnosis images. Sections are devoted to detailing important topics including determinants of pathological effects of disease activity in acromegaly, individual therapeutic choices and criteria for diagnosis, and disease control.

Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment, Second Edition summarizes the latest scientific knowledge on obesity in children. This edition focuses on the developmental aspects of obesity, especially on the influences and factors predisposing individuals to obesity from early periods of life. This new body of knowledge stems from both basic research and recent epidemiological and clinical studies. All chapters are updated and special attention is given to the prevention of obesity in the context of developmental physiology, lifestyle modification, and dietary and physical activity approaches. Highlighting the most recent research, this timely book covers a broad range of aspects related to the prevention and management of childhood obesity. It emphasizes early intervention and an integrated behavioral approach to overcome the ongoing challenge of this global epidemic. Features * Updates all chapters and includes new research on growing populations of obesity in the Third World * Provides information on promoting health as a means to reduce obesity * Focuses on the developmental aspects of obesity

Primarily intended for physicians and health care professionals who are treating obese patients, this book explores current and future options for drug treatment of obesity puts them into perspective against available alternative treatments. Distinguished scientists and clinical investigators provide reviews of each individual topic, covering a wide range of subjects from pathophysiology of obesity to the benefits of weight loss. The core sections on pharmacotherapy deal with currently available drugs and drugs in pre-clinical development, complemented with sections on non-drug treatment and general therapeutic aspects to provide an integrated view of therapeutic approaches to the treatment of obesity and its associated syndromes.

Focusing on prevention rather than treatment, Obesity: Dietary and Developmental Influences reviews and evaluates the determinants of obesity. The book uses evidence-based research as a basis to define foods and dietary behaviors that should be supported and encouraged as well as those that should be discouraged. This comprehensive review represents a critical step forward in the quest to identify actionable strategies to prevent obesity. The book describes the potential role of 26 different dietary factors and 8 developmental periods in the prevention of obesity among children and adults. The dietary factors examined include macronutrients, micronutrients, specific types of foods and beverages, snack and meal patterns, portion size, parenting practices, breastfeeding, and more. The factors from each developmental period in the life cycle are examined in the context of the likelihood of obesity development. For each dietary factor and developmental period, four lines of evidence are examined: secular trends, plausible mechanisms, observational studies, and prevention trials. Providing easy access to information, the book features 38 tables that summarize observational studies, 38 graphs depicting trends in dietary intake, and 9 tables that summarize prevention trials. It provides a synopsis of the latest research on obesity, investigating all major lines of evidence, and clarifies common misconceptions while identifying which behaviors to target and which dietary factors show the most promise for prevention.