Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments. This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable.

Natural gas is playing an increasing role in meeting world energy demands because of its abundance, versatility, and its clean burning nature. As a result, lots of new gas exploration, field development and production activities are under way, especially in places where natural gas until recently was labeled as stranded . Because a significant portion of natural gas reserves worldwide are located across bodies of water, gas transportation in the form of LNG or CNG becomes an issue as well. Finally natural gas is viewed in comparison to the recently touted alternatives. Therefore, there is a need to have a book covering all the unique aspects and challenges related to natural gas from the upstream to midstream and downstream. All these new issues have not been addressed in depth in any existing book. To bridge the gap, Xiuli Wang and Michael Economides have written a new book called "Advanced Natural Gas Engineering." This book will serve as a reference for all engineers and professionals in the energy business. It can also be a textbook for students in petroleum and chemical engineering curricula and in training departments for a large group of companies."

Gas and liquid-phase unimolecular reactions are central to the complex chemistry of a large number of processes, from those occurring in the Earth's atmosphere to those involved in transportation, power and manufacturing. Improving our understanding of the fundamental chemistry of these processes is critical to solving contemporary challenges such as climate change, as well as improving industrial efficiency. One hundred years have passed since the proposal of the Lindemann mechanism in 1922, and the current state of this field is as exciting and important as ever. The unique format of the Faraday Discussions allows for in-depth discussions across the full scope of the field, from new perspectives in kinetics and dynamics to application to current challenges such as atmospheric pollution, alternative fuels and industrial processes. This volume brings together global leaders to examine the current state of unimolecular reaction experiments as well as theory and applications to current challenges. In this volume the topics covered are organised into the following themes: Collisional energy transfer The reaction step The Master Equation Impact of Lindemann and related theories

With the explosive growth in PV (photovoltaic) installations globally, the sector continues to benefit from important improvements in manufacturing technology and the increasing efficiency of solar cells. this timely handbook brings together all the latest design, layout and construction methods for entire PV plants in a single volume. Coverage includes procedures for the design of both stand-alone and grid-connected systems as well as practical guidance on typical operational scenarios and problems encountered for optimum PV plant performance.

Key features: plant energy yield results from the author's own operational experience, with tables showing the measuring results of long-term monitoring data of up to 18 years and normalized representation of energy yield/productiona discussion of the solar resource worldwidedetailed treatment of the design and operation of solar cells for the reader to appreciate possible technical developments and improvements in the futurea description of PV plant components such as solar modules, solar generators, accumulators, charge controllers and inverters, with emphasis on their optimum co-operation in the entire PV system in order to obtain the maximum possible energy yield and reliabilityin-depth coverage of the principles of lightning and overvoltage protection of PV plantsguidelines on how to calculate the yield of grid-connected PV plants and the data needed for the calculations used in man locations across Europe, Africa, North and South America, Asia and Australia

This comprehensive resource will benefit electrical engineer and other electrical professionals in PV systems, especially designers and installers of PV plants or the product manufacturing and testing supply chain. Advanced students on renewable energy courses will find this useful background reading and it will be an invaluable desk reference for PV plant builders and owners.

Comprehensive and practical, Pavement Asset Management provides an essential resource for educators, students and those in public agencies and consultancies who are directly responsible for managing road and airport pavements. The book is comprehensive in the integration of activities that go into having safe and cost-effective pavements using the best technologies and management processes available. This is accomplished in seven major parts, and 42 component chapters, ranging from the evolution of pavement management to date requirements to determining needs and priority programming of rehabilitation and maintenance, followed by structural design and economic analysis, implementation of pavement management systems, basic features of working systems and finally by a part on looking ahead. The most current methodologies and practical applications of managing pavements are described in this one-of-a-kind book. Real world up-to-date examples are provided, as well as an extensive list of references for each part.

This book crosses the boundary from exploration- and production-related chemistry to refining, from upstream through downstream. It discusses the composition of petroleum through the use of "petroleum molecular composition continuity model." .

As the demand for efficient energy sources continues to grow, electrical systems are becoming more essential to meet these increased needs. Electrical generation and transmission plans must remain cost-effective, reliable, and flexible for further future expansion. As these systems are being utilized more frequently, it becomes imperative to find ways of optimizing their overall function. Novel Advancements in Electrical Power Planning and Performance is an essential reference source that provides vital research on the specific challenges, issues, strategies, and solutions that are associated with electrical transmission and distribution systems and features emergent methods and research in the systemic and strategic planning of energy usage. Featuring research on topics such as probabilistic modeling, voltage stability, and radial distribution, this book is ideally designed for electrical engineers, practitioners, power plant managers, investors, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, and students seeking coverage on the methods and profitability of electrical expansion planning.

Over the last two decades the development, evaluation and use of MFM systems has been a major focus for the Oil & Gas industry worldwide. Since the early 1990's, when the first commercial meters started to appear, there have been around 2,000 field applications of MFM for field allocation, production optimisation and well testing. So far, many alternative metering systems have been developed, but none of them can be referred to as generally applicable or universally accurate. Both established and novel technologies suitable to measure the flow rates of gas, oil and water in a three-phase flow are reviewed and assessed within this book. Those technologies already implemented in the various commercial meters are evaluated in terms of operational and economical advantages or shortcomings from an operator point of view. The lessons learned about the practical reliability, accuracy and use of the available technology is discussed. The book suggests where the research to develop the next generation of MFM devices will be focused in order to meet the as yet unsolved problems.
The book provides a critical and independent review of the current status and future trends of MFM, supported by the authors' strong background on multiphase flow and by practical examples. These are based on the authors' direct experience on MFM, gained over many years of research in connection with both operators and service companies.
As there are currently no books on the subject of Multiphase Flow Metering for the Oil & Gas industry, this book will fill in the gap and provide a theoretical and practical reference for professionals, academics, and students.
* Written by leading scholars and industryexperts of international standing
* Includes strong coverage of the theoretical background, yet also provides practical examples and current developments
* Provides practical reference for professionals, students and academics

Advances in Gas Processing: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Gas Processing Symposium 11-1 4 January, 2010, Doha, Qatar, reviews the state of knowledge in gas processing. The contributions are organized around five main themes: (i) environmental sustainability; (ii) natural gas processing technologies; (iii) energy efficiency in operations; (iv) design and safety; and (v) operational excellence. The papers on environmental sustainability cover topics such as the biogasification of waste monoethanolamine; the role of LNG in a carbon constrained world; and sustainable water management. The papers on natural gas processing technologies include the removal of acid gases from natural gas streams via membrane technology and selective control of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis hydrocarbons product distribution. The papers on energy efficiency in operations cover lifted turbulent jet flame in a cross-flow; novel hybrid biomass and coal processes; and the adoption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The papers on design and safety include studies on the optimal design and operation of a GTL process and efficient design, operating, and control strategies for LNG plants. The papers on operational excellence deal with topics such as chemicals in gas processing; the monitoring and optimization of hydrocarbon separation equipment; and the inhibition of gas hydrate formation.

Liquid loading can reduce production and shorten the life-cycle of a well costing a company millions in revenue. A handy guide on the latest techniques, equipment, and chemicals used in de-watering gas wells, Gas Well Deliquification, 2nd ed. continues to be the engineer's choice for recognizing and minimizing the effects of liquid loading. The second edition serves as a guide discussing the most frequently used methods and tools used to diagnose liquid loading problems and reduce the detrimental effects of liquid loading on gas production.
With new extensive chapters on Coal Bed Methane and Production Automation Gas Well Deliquification, 2nd edition proves to be the essential reference for operating engineers, reservoir engineers, consulting engineers and service companies who supply gas well equipment New to this second edition, Gas Well Deliquification provides managers with a comprehensive look into the methods of successful Production Automation as well as tools for the profitable use, production and supervision of Coalbed gases.
-Turnkey solutions for the problems of liquid loading interference
-Based on decades of practical, easy to use methods of de-watering gas wells
-Expands on the 1st edition's useful reference with new methods for utilizing Production Automation and managing Coal Bed Methane

The gasification process converts any carbon-containing material into a synthesis gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which can be used as a fuel to generate electricity or steam or used as a basic chemical building block for a large number of uses in the petrochemical and refining industries. Gasification adds value to low or negative value feedstocks by converting them to marketable fuels and products.
This is the first book to cover gasification as a comprehensive topic, covering its many uses, from refining, to natural gas, to coal. This book provides an up-to-date overview of commercial processes and covers applications relevant to today's demands. The new edition is expanded and provides more detail on the integration issues for current generation, state-of-the-art Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC); CO2 capture in the IGCC context addressing the issues of pre-investment and retrofitting as well as defining what the term "CO2 capture ready" might mean in practice; issues of plant reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) including as evaluation of feedback from existing plants; implementation of fuel cell technology in IGCC concepts. All statistics, processes and projects, including descriptions of a number of processes not covered in the previous edition.
Chemical engineers, Petroleum Engineers, Energy Engineers and Environmental engineers