The book presents advanced AI based technologies in dealing with COVID-19 outbreak and provides an in-depth analysis of variety of COVID-19 datasets throughout globe. It discusses recent artificial intelligence based algorithms and models for data analysis of COVID-19 symptoms and its possible remedies. It provides a unique opportunity to present the work on state-of-the-art of modern artificial intelligence tools and technologies to track and forecast COVID-19 cases. It indicates insights and viewpoints from scholars regarding risk and resilience analytics for policy making and operations of large-scale systems on this epidemic. A snapshot of the latest architectures, frameworks in machine learning and data science are also highlighted to gather and aggregate data records related to COVID-19 and to diagnose the virus. It delivers significant research outcomes and inspiring new real-world applications with respect to feasible AI based solutions in COVID-19 outbreak. In addition, it discusses strong preventive measures to control such pandemic.

Students and researchers in the health sciences are faced with greater opportunity and challenge than ever before. The opportunity stems from the explosion in publicly available data that simultaneously informs and inspires new avenues of investigation. The challenge is that the analytic tools required go far beyond the standard methods and models of basic statistics. This textbook aims to equip health care researchers with the most important elements of a modern health analytics toolkit, drawing from the fields of statistics, health econometrics, and data science. This textbook is designed to overcome students' anxiety about data and statistics and to help them to become confident users of appropriate analytic methods for health care research studies. Methods are presented organically, with new material building naturally on what has come before. Each technique is motivated by a topical research question, explained in non-technical terms, and accompanied by engaging explanations and examples. In this way, the authors cultivate a deep ("organic") understanding of a range of analytic techniques, their assumptions and data requirements, and their advantages and limitations. They illustrate all lessons via analyses of real data from a variety of publicly available databases, addressing relevant research questions and comparing findings to those of published studies. Ultimately, this textbook is designed to cultivate health services researchers that are thoughtful and well informed about health data science, rather than data analysts. This textbook differs from the competition in its unique blend of methods and its determination to ensure that readers gain an understanding of how, when, and why to apply them. It provides the public health researcher with a way to think analytically about scientific questions, and it offers well-founded guidance for pairing data with methods for valid analysis. Readers should feel emboldened to tackle analysis of real public datasets using traditional statistical models, health econometrics methods, and even predictive algorithms. Accompanying code and data sets are provided in an author site: https://roman-gulati.github.io/statistics-for-health-data-science/

AN ESSENTIAL NEW RESOURCE ON A FUNDAMENTAL DETERMINANT OF HEALTH Sleep, along with the sleep-related behaviors that impact sleep quality, have emerged as significant determinants of health and well-being across populations. An emerging body of research has confirmed that sleep is strongly socially patterned, following trends along lines of socioeconomic status, race, immigration status, age, work, and geography. The Social Epidemiology of Sleep serves as both an introduction to sleep epidemiology and a synthesis of the most important and exciting research to date, including: * An introduction to sleep epidemiology, including methods of assessment and their validity, the descriptive epidemiology of sleep patterns and disorders, associations with health, and basic biology * What we know about the variation of sleep patterns and disorders across populations, including consideration of sleep across the lifespan and within special populations * Major social determinants of sleep (including socioeconomic status, immigration status, neighborhood contexts, and others) based on the accumulated research With editors from both population science and medicine, combined with contributions from psychology, sociology, demography, geography, social epidemiology, and medicine, this text codifies a new field at the intersection of how we sleep and the social and behavioral factors that influence it.

The UK housing system has been described as being in 'crisis', but suddenly in 2020 homes were on the COVID-19 frontline, used for shielding, isolating and care. Most were used by more people, for more hours, for more activities. Many households were cut off from normal services and contacts, and many lost the means to pay for their homes. Millions of infections occurred at home, and inequalities in household type, housing space, cost and tenure contributed to the unequal impact of the pandemic. This book brings together a wealth of data, individual testimony and analysis, in one convenient resource for students, scholars and practitioners.

'A brilliant expose' - Danny Dorling Covid-19 has exposed the limits of a neoliberal public health orthodoxy. But instead of imagining radical change, the left is stuck in a rearguard action focused on defending the NHS from the wrecking ball of privatisation. Public health expert Christopher Thomas argues that we must emerge from Covid-19 on the offensive - with a bold, new vision for our health and care. He maps out five new frontiers for public health and imagines how we can move beyond safeguarding what we have to a radical expansion of the principles put forward by Aneurin Bevan, the founder of the NHS, over 70 years ago. Beyond recalibrating our approach to healthcare services, his blueprint includes a fundamental redesign of our economy through Public Health Net Zero; a bold new universal public health service fit to address the real causes of ill health; and a major recalibration in the efforts against the epidemiological reality of an era of pandemics.

This book provides a compact introduction to the bootstrap method. In addition to classical results on point estimation and test theory, multivariate linear regression models and generalized linear models are covered in detail. Special attention is given to the use of bootstrap procedures to perform goodness-of-fit tests to validate model or distributional assumptions. In some cases, new methods are presented here for the first time. The text is motivated by practical examples and the implementations of the corresponding algorithms are always given directly in R in a comprehensible form. Overall, R is given great importance throughout. Each chapter includes a section of exercises and, for the more mathematically inclined readers, concludes with rigorous proofs. The intended audience is graduate students who already have a prior knowledge of probability theory and mathematical statistics.

The Environment and Health Atlas for England and Wales is an authoritative collection of over 80 full colour maps showing geographic patterns of common environmental exposures and diseases of public health importance, along with interpretive text, which gives an analysis of mortality, cancer incidences and other health data in England and Wales. Each chapter provides an overview of the evidence on potential health impacts of environmental agents, particularly how they might relate to the geographical variations in disease risk. The health maps show recent time trends within England and Wales and, where available, comparative maps of Europe and the world, and provides summary statistics for the data presented. This information is also discussed in the context of other risk factors. The Environment and Health Atlas for England and Wales informs policy-makers and the public on the geographic patterns of disease and potential exposure to various pollutants, and assists in developing hypotheses and research into the reasons for variability in disease risk that may relate to environmental exposures. It is essential reading for public health professionals and academics from within the field of public health, epidemiology, health geography and statistics.

The globalization of trade and increasing international travel and migration poses huge challenges for health practitioners and policy makers who have to meet legal and policy obligations to provide health care of equal quality and effectiveness for all. Migration, Ethnicity, Race, and Health in Multicultural Societies provides an accessible introduction to the complex issues of race, ethnicity and minority populations. The book explains the process of migration and the uses and misuses of the key concepts of race and ethnicity, illustrating their strengths and weaknesses in epidemiology, policy making, health service planning, research, health care and health promotion. Including many examples from around the world to demonstrate the theory in a practical way, and written in a clear and straightforward style with all terminology explained, this is an ideal book for all students and professionals in the field of migration, ethnicity and race in the health care context. "Bhopal's important and comprehensive Ethnicity, Race, and Health in Multicultural Societies challenges us to achieve better health for ethnic minority populations... provides critical and thought- provoking insights into public health research and clinical practice with multi-ethnic populations." - The Lancet "Professor Bhopal has produced an invaluable addition to the growing mountain of resources on ethnicity and health...One of the greatest merits of this text is that it is written by someone who has been involved in high-quality research on ethnicity and health in many contexts and for many years. The author therefore is able to draw upon first-hand experience or research with which he has been associated, as well as providing examples from other key players in the field." - Diversity in Health and Social Care

This graduate-level text provides a survey of the logic and reasoning underpinning statistical analysis, as well as giving a broad-brush overview of the various statistical techniques that play a major roll in scientific and social investigations. Arranged in rough historical order, the text starts with the ideas of provability that underpin statistical methods and progresses through the developments of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to modern concerns and solutions. Assuming only a basic level of Mathematics and with numerous examples and illustrations, this text presents a valuable resource not only to the experienced researcher but also to the student, by complementing courses in a wide range of substantive areas and enabling the reader to rise above the details in order to see the overall structure of the subject.

Scholars and governments recognize the importance of policy development and implementation for population health, but there is a lack of systematic theoretical and conceptual development in the health field to address the issue. Health Promotion and the Policy Process is the first book to take an in-depth look at the theoretical advances in the political sciences, including discussing the significance of political economy and sociology, which so far have made little progress in health promotion development. The book argues that focusing on how public policies work makes it possible to move beyond the more behavioural 'health education' approach, and make the transition from political statements to political strategies. The authors draw from a wide array of theories on the policy process in the fields of political science and political sociology to illuminate health promotion strategies and objectives. For example they discuss how Kingdon's Multiple Streams Model, Sabatier's Advocacy-Coalition Framework and policy network theories can contribute to greater health equity, healthy public policies and community development. Through practical and critical tools, research, and experience-based discussion, Health Promotion and the Policy Process discusses how theories can be used to influence, evaluate, orient or implement health promotion interventions and policies. This book will be essential reading for health promoters who want to make a difference by influencing social determinants of health at the policy level including students, public health professionals, researchers, practitioners, decision makers and those concerned with applied policy research.

"The Advances in Bioethics" series is devoted to publishing collections of original papers and multi-authored volumes that advance the field of bioethics either by exploring new areas, or by taking new approaches to traditional areas. Although the series is published in English, its scope is international, and manuscripts are welcome from authors throughout the world. Divided into three sections this volume covers: Human Rights, Public Safety, and Public Policy; Practitioner Responsibilities During Times of Epidemics; Global Dimensions of Epidemics - each chapter in the book goes in depth to discuss the issues surrounding the topic in question and combines a theoretical thought process with practical application.

This biography of Dr. Denis Parsons Burkitt, after whom the childhood cancer Burkitt's lymphoma was named, and who was a pioneer of the dietary fiber movement, paints a personal but holistic portrait of both the man and his life's work. Featuring excerpts from Dr. Burkitt's personal diaries, spanning seven decades from his boyhood to just before his passing, and extensive family archives, this book invites readers to follow Burkitt's journey through life and experience his tribulations and successes. Prof. John Cummings was a colleague of Dr. Burkitt and weaves the tale of his life through the lens of family, faith, and science. The journey takes Burkitt from his childhood in Ireland, a country undergoing major social upheaval, through his medical studies in Dublin, to army service in Africa in the midst of WWII and the independence movements that swept the continent in the following years. During his two decades spent in Uganda, working for the Colonial Medical Service, Burkitt made his first major contribution to cancer research - the characterization of Burkitt's lymphoma and its possible viral cause. Following his return to England in 1966, he turned his attention to the cause of 'Western Diseases' especially the role of dietary fibre in the prevention of disease and promotion of health. This earned him even wider international recognition and helped to inspire what is a vital field of research today. The book examines Burkitt's personal views of the world around him, including his experiences as a committed evangelical Christian who had been raised an Irish Protestant, and the challenges, both familial and cultural, that this elicited from and towards him and his scientific work. The lymphoma and later the fibre story propelled Denis into an orbit of worldwide travel, fame and many honours. An engaging speaker but man of great humility, always giving the credit for much of what he did to others, he left a legacy of evidence and ideas for the causes of cancer and prevention of disease from which we all now benefit.

This book offers an overview of the statistical methods used in clinical and observational vaccine studies. Pursuing a practical rather than theoretical approach, it presents a range of real-world examples with SAS codes, making the application of the methods straightforward. This revised edition has been significantly expanded to reflect the current interest in this area. It opens with two introductory chapters on the immunology of vaccines to provide readers with the necessary background knowledge. It then continues with an in-depth exploration of the analysis of immunogenicity data. Discussed are, amongst others, maximum likelihood estimation for censored antibody titers, ANCOVA for antibody values, analysis of data of equivalence, and non-inferiority immunogenicity studies. Other topics covered include fitting protection curves to data from vaccine efficacy studies, and the analysis of vaccine safety data. In addition, the book features four new chapters on vaccine field studies: an introductory one, one on randomized vaccine efficacy studies, one on observational vaccine effectiveness studies, and one on the meta-analysis of vaccine efficacy studies. The book offers useful insights for statisticians and epidemiologists working in the pharmaceutical industry or at vaccines institutes, as well as graduate students interested in pharmaceutical statistics.

This book covers classic epidemiological designs that use a reference/control group, including case-control, case-cohort, nested case-control and variations of these designs, such as stratified and two-stage designs. It presents a unified view of these sampling designs as representations of an underlying cohort or target population of interest. This enables various extended designs to be introduced and analysed with a similar approach: extreme sampling on the outcome (extreme case-control design) or on the exposure (exposure-enriched, exposure-density, countermatched), designs that re-use prior controls and augmentation sampling designs. Further extensions exploit aggregate data for efficient cluster sampling, accommodate time-varying exposures and combine matched and unmatched controls. Self-controlled designs, including case-crossover, self-controlled case series and exposure-crossover, are also presented. The test-negative design for vaccine studies and the use of negative controls for bias assessment are introduced and discussed. This book is intended for graduate students in biostatistics, epidemiology and related disciplines, or for health researchers and data analysts interested in extending their knowledge of study design and data analysis skills. This book Bridges the gap between epidemiology and the more mathematically oriented biostatistics books. Assembles the wealth of epidemiological knowledge about observational study designs that is scattered over several decades of scientific publications. Illustrates the performance of methods in real research applications. Provides guidelines for implementation in standard software packages (Stata, R). Includes numerous exercises, covering simple mathematical proofs, consideration of proposed or published designs, and practical data analysis.

'A brilliant expose' - Danny Dorling Covid-19 has exposed the limits of a neoliberal public health orthodoxy. But instead of imagining radical change, the left is stuck in a rearguard action focused on defending the NHS from the wrecking ball of privatisation. Public health expert Christopher Thomas argues that we must emerge from Covid-19 on the offensive - with a bold, new vision for our health and care. He maps out five new frontiers for public health and imagines how we can move beyond safeguarding what we have to a radical expansion of the principles put forward by Aneurin Bevan, the founder of the NHS, over 70 years ago. Beyond recalibrating our approach to healthcare services, his blueprint includes a fundamental redesign of our economy through Public Health Net Zero; a bold new universal public health service fit to address the real causes of ill health; and a major recalibration in the efforts against the epidemiological reality of an era of pandemics.

The COVID-19 pandemic shocked the world. It shouldn't have. Since this century's turn, epidemiologists have warned of new infectious diseases. Indeed, H1N1, H7N9, SARS, MERS, Ebola Makona, Zika, and a variety of lesser viruses have emerged almost annually. But what of the epidemiologists themselves? Some bravely descended into the caves where bat species hosted coronaviruses, including the strains that evolved into the COVID-19 virus. Yet, despite their own warnings, many of the researchers appear unable to understand the true nature of the disease-as if they are dead to what they've seen. Dead Epidemiologists is an eclectic collection of commentaries, articles, and interviews revealing the hidden-in-plain-sight truth behind the pandemic: Global capital drove the deforestation and development that exposed us to new pathogens. Rob Wallace and his colleagues-ecologists, geographers, activists, and, yes, epidemiologists-unpack the material and conceptual origins of COVID-19. From deepest Yunnan to the boardrooms of New York City, this book offers a compelling diagnosis of the roots of COVID-19, and a stark prognosis of what-without further intervention-may come.

This volume is being published at a critical time in U.S. history and serves as a comprehensive and much-needed update to what is known about Latinx health. As both the United States and Latinx subgroups experience demographic shifts, it is critical to examine the current epidemiology of Latinx health, as well as the factors influencing the health and well-being of this growing population. Chapters in this book, written by highly respected experts, illuminate the diversity of the Latinx population and provide strategies to mitigate many of the challenges they face, including challenges related to migrating to new destinations. The book is designed to enrich dialogue around the multilevel determinants of Latinx health and concludes with a call to action for increased culturally congruent, theoretically informed and participatory Latinx health research. The book also encourages the mentorship and growth of early career and junior investigators to conduct research on Latinx health issues.A selection of the perspectives included among the chapters: Chronic disease and mental health issues in Latinx populations Substance use among Latinx adolescents in the United States Physical and intellectual and developmental disabilities in Latinx populations Health insurance reform and the Latinx population Immigration enforcement policies and Latinx health Research priorities for Latinx sexual and gender minorities Racial and ethnic discrimination, intersectionality, acculturation, and Latinx health New and Emerging Issues in Latinx Health is an invaluable compendium that provides a foundation of understanding Latinx health and well-being and guides future research and practice. The book is essential for researchers, practitioners, and students in the fields of public health and the social sciences including community and health psychology, health administration and policy, community health education, medical anthropology, medical sociology, population health, and preventive medicine. Moreover, the chapters in this volume are also relevant for federal, state, and local agencies, including health departments, and other Latinx- and immigrant-serving community organizations.

This book provides concrete scientific basis that we can conceive the possibility of modifying or even completely canceling aging process, despite the fact that aging is commonly regarded as the result of the overall effects of many uncontrollable degenerative phenomena. The authors illustrate in detail the mechanisms by which cells and the whole organism age. Actions by which it is possible, or will be possible within a limited time, to operate for modifying aging are also debated. The discussion is conducted within the frame and the concepts of evolutionary medicine, which is also indispensable for distinguishing between the manifestations of aging and: (i) diseases that worsen with age, and (ii) acceleration of normal aging rates, caused by unhealthy lifestyle habits and other avoidable factors. The book also discusses the impact of aging on overall mortality and the strange situation that, according to official statistics, aging does not exist as cause of death. This book is a turning point between a gerontology and geriatrics conceived as the study and vain treatment of an incurable condition and one in which these disciplines examine the how and why of a physiological phenomenon that can be modified up to a possible total control. This means transforming the medical prevention and treatment of physiological aging from the greatest failure to the greatest success of medicine.

The health and economic devastation caused by COVID-19 has revealed that most countries’ national health systems are inadequate to cope with pandemics. These are global challenges that call for global responses. At the heart of this book is a bold new proposal to create a global pandemic playbook that can be quickly deployed when the next pandemic strikes. Countries and their experts must collaborate to create early warning systems, preparedness, prevention, responses and containment. But who should pay the cost? Anne Kabagambe, a former Executive Board director for the World Bank Group, explores the options, and argues that to fail to learn from COVID-19 and neglect to create a global playbook now would cost far more when the next pandemic strikes.

We are told that 'work is good for us' and that ill health is caused by 'individual lifestyles'. Drawing on research from public health, social policy, epidemiology, geography and political science, this evidence-based inter-disciplinary book firmly challenges these contemporary orthodoxies. It systematically demonstrates that work - or lack of it - is central to our health and wellbeing and is the underlying determinant of health inequalities. Work is the cornerstone of modern society and dominates adult life with around a third of our time spent working. It is a vital part of self-identity and for most of us it is the foundation of economic and social status. As such, the material and psychosocial conditions in which we work have immense consequences for our physical and mental wellbeing, as well as the distribution of health across the population. Recessions, job-loss, insecurity and unemployment also have important ramifications for the health and wellbeing of individuals, families and communities. Chronic illness is itself a significant cause of worklessness and low pay. Drawing on examples from different countries, this book shows that the relationship between work, worklessness and health varies by country. Countries with a more regulated work environment and a more interventionist and supportive welfare system have better health and smaller work-related health inequalities. The book provides examples of specific policies and interventions that mitigate the ill-health effects of work and worklessness. It concludes by asserting the importance of politics and policy choices in the aetiology of health and health inequalities.

Global Occupational Health is a concise, complete introduction to a vital-but often neglected-area in the field of health sciences. Work-related illnesses and injuries are critical concerns for every country and at every stage of economic development and an important determinant of health and financial security for working adults and their families. As a comprehensive textbook designed for students, professionals in public health, and occupational health practitioners who are working across international boundaries, this book will provide the reader with solid foundational knowledge of occupational health through the lens of economic development. Perfect for use as both a stand-alone text or as supplementary reading, this book addresses worker protection and the management of occupational health from rich industrialized countries to developing societies.
The first section of the book concentrates on broad approaches and frameworks for the investigation and management of health in the workplace. The second section addresses important hazards. The third section addresses specific industry sectors, management challenges, and policies at the global level. Each chapter links occupational health to economic development concepts and future trends. The contributed chapters are authored by international experts in the field, enriched by boxed case studies and supportive concrete examples. This work sets a new standard for education in occupational health.

In this innovative new book, Steve Selvin provides readers with a clear understanding of intermediate biostatistical methods without advanced mathematics or statistical theory (for example, no Bayesian statistics, no causal inference, no linear algebra and only a slight hint of calculus). This text answers the important question: After a typical first-year course in statistical methods, what next?
Statistical Tools for Epidemiologic Research thoroughly explains not just how statistical data analysis works, but how the analysis is accomplished. From the basic foundation laid in the introduction, chapters gradually increase in sophistication with particular emphasis on regression techniques (logistic, Poisson, conditional logistic and log-linear) and then beyond to useful techniques that are not typically discussed in an applied context. Intuitive explanations richly supported with numerous examples produce an accessible presentation for readers interested in the analysis of data relevant to epidemiologic or medical research.

This book describes the variety of direct and indirect population size estimation (PSE) methods available along with their strengths and weaknesses. Direct estimation methods, such as enumeration and mapping, involve contact with members of hard-to-reach groups. Indirect methods have practical appeal because they require no contact with members of hard-to-reach groups. One indirect method in particular, network scale-up (NSU), has several strengths over other PSE methods: It can be applied at a province/country level, it can estimate size of several hard-to-reach population in a single study, and it is implemented with members of the general population rather than members of hard-to-reach groups. The book discusses methods to collect, analyze, and adjust results and presents methods to triangulate and finalize PSEs.

Mathematical Models of Biological Systems provides a practical introduction to basic mathematical modelling methodology and analysis. It covers a variety of biological applications and uses these topics in turn to highlight key components in the art of modelling. Its primary aim is to give students the tools to translate simple, real-world biological problems into rigorous mathematical models. A secondary aim is to teach the reader how to critically assess the modelling components in the primary life science literature.
The book covers deterministic as well as stochastic dynamics, continuous-time as well as discrete-time dynamics, partial differential equations, dimensional analysis, and curve fitting/parameter estimation. It contains numerous case studies, graded from elementary examples to more complicated problems, as well as a general treatment of good modelling practice. Although the book assumes a basic background in mathematics, specifically beginning calculus and elementary statistics, all requisite material is included in a series of appendices.

Mathematical Models of Biological Systems provides a practical introduction to basic mathematical modelling methodology and analysis. It covers a variety of biological applications and uses these topics in turn to highlight key components in the art of modelling. Its primary aim is to give students the tools to translate simple, real-world biological problems into rigorous mathematical models. A secondary aim is to teach the reader how to critically assess the modelling components in the primary life science literature. The book covers deterministic as well as stochastic dynamics, continuous-time as well as discrete-time dynamics, partial differential equations, dimensional analysis, and curve fitting/parameter estimation. It contains numerous case studies, graded from elementary examples to more complicated problems, as well as a general treatment of good modelling practice. Although the book assumes a basic background in mathematics, specifically beginning calculus and elementary statistics, all requisite material is included in a series of appendices.