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Books > Medicine > General issues > Public health & preventive medicine > Epidemiology & medical statistics
With our highly connected and interdependent world, the growing
threat of infectious diseases and public health crisis has shed
light on the requirement for global efforts to manage and combat
highly pathogenic infectious diseases and other public health
crisis on an unprecedented level. Such disease threats transcend
borders. Reducing global threats posed by infectious disease
outbreaks - whether naturally caused or resulting from a deliberate
or accidental release - requires efforts that cross the disaster
management pillars: mitigation, preparedness, response and
recovery. This book addresses the issues of global health security
along 4 themes: Emerging Threats; Mitigation, Preparedness,
Response and Recovery; Exploring the Technology Landscape for
Solutions; Leadership and Partnership. The authors of this volume
highlight many of the challenges that confront our global security
environment today. These range from politically induced disasters,
to food insecurity, to zoonosis and terrorism. More optimistically,
the authors also present some advances in technology that can help
us combat these threats. Understanding the challenges that confront
us and the tools we have to overcome them will allow us to face our
future with confidence.
Incorporating many rare photographs--most never made public
before--from the family albums of survivors who tell their stories
in this volume, Harvard professor Julie Silver, M.D., and historian
Daniel Wilson help readers understand the sheer terror that gripped
parents of young children every spring and summer during the first
half of the 20th century as polio epidemics ran rampant.
Interviewed as part of the Polio Oral History Project directed by
Silver and funded by Harvard, foundations, and private donors, the
people featured in this book describe what is arguably the most
feared scourge of modern times. Polio killed and maimed millions of
Americans. Silver, Wilson, and their interviewees take us into
homes and across time to understand the disease's effect on the
family and the community. Testimonies are included from people who
worked in polio wards, as well as from those involved in worldwide
eradication efforts. The book also addresses the emergence of the
polio and disability rights movement, the challenges of post-polio
syndrome, and the state of polio research and developments today.
And it explores the concern that polio could return in an even more
vicious form as a result of bioterrorism. This work will be of
interest to anyone intrigued by health and medical history;
infectious disease and other epidemics; the psychological effects
of disease on children, adults, and communities; politics in the
Roosevelt era; and bioterrorism.
During the past twenty years there has been a dramatic increase in
obesity in the United States. An estimated thirty percent of adults
in the US are obese; in 1980, only fifteen percent were. The issue
is gaining greater attention with the CDC and with the public
health world in general. This book will offer practical information
about the methodology of epidemiologic studies of obesity, suitable
for graduate students and researchers in epidemiology, and public
health practitioners with an interest in the issue.
The book will be structured in four main sections, with the
majority of chapters authored by Dr. Hu, and some authored by
specialists in specific areas. The first section will consider
issues surrounding the definition of obesity, measurement
techniques, and the designs of epidemiologic studies. The second
section will address the consequences of obesity, looking at
epidemiologic studies that focus on cardio-vascular disease,
diabetes, and cancer The third section will look at determinants
obesity, reviewing a wide range of risk factors for obesity
including diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, sleep
disorders, psychosocial factors, physical environment, biochemical
and genetic predictors, and intrauterine exposures. In the final
section, the author will discuss the analytical issues and
challenges for epidemiologic studies of obesity.
Vital Statistics of the United States: Births, Life Expectancy,
Deaths, and Selected Health Data brings together a comprehensive
collection of birth, mortality, and health data into a single
volume. It provides a wealth of information compiled by the
National Center for Health Statistics and other government
agencies. Vital Statistics contains over 225 tables and is divided
into four parts: Births, Mortality, Health, and Marriage and
Divorce. Charts and graphs, available at applicable points in each
chapter, illustrate some of the most vital trends in the data. In
addition, updated definitions reflect the latest federal parameters
for information about births, mortality, health, and marriages.
Recent Advances in iPSC Disease Modeling, Volume One addresses how
induced pluripotent stem cells can be used to model various
diseases. This new volume teaches readers about current advances in
the field, describing the use of induced pluripotent stem cells to
model several diseases in vitro, and thus enabling us to study the
cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in different
pathologies. Further insights into these mechanisms will have
important implications for our understanding of disease appearance,
development and progression. The volume is written for researchers
and scientists in stem cell therapy, cell biology, regenerative
medicine and organ transplantation specialists. In recent years,
remarkable progress has been made in the obtention of induced
pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation into several cell
types, tissues and organs using state-of-art techniques. Hence,
these advantages have facilitated the identification of key targets
and further defining on the molecular basis of several disorders.
Ideal for high school and lower undergraduate readers, this book
provides a holistic and multifaceted look at the state of health in
the United States today by examining a wide variety of health
indicators against necessary background and contextual information.
Wellness by the Numbers: Understanding and Interpreting American
Health Statistics presents the factual data that underlies health
summaries-information that is not often readily available to
readers. The statistical data regarding a variety of health
indicators, accompanied by contextual information and analyses,
serves to inform high school and lower undergraduate readers about
the state of health in America today. Just as importantly, this
book will document how scholars and health professionals analyze
data to draw conclusions and sharpen readers' critical thinking
skills. The book begins with an introductory essay that provides a
conceptual framework for readers and a general overview of the
topic of analyzing health across the nation. The "Locating Accurate
and Current Data on Health-Related Information" section clearly
explains the process of analyzing and interpreting statistical
information, describes how to find authoritative sources of data,
and defines the steps to reading and interpreting data and how to
draw conclusions from the information. Each of the more than 40 key
health topics includes an introduction of the particular health
indicator being discussed, presents the data in tables, charts, or
figures with concise analysis and interpretation, and concludes
with discussion questions that challenge the reader to find
additional meaning or patterns in the data. Provides up-to-date,
easy-to-understand, and thematically organized information on many
key health topics Covers a wide array of important and often
controversial health topics, from cancer risk to depression to teen
pregnancy Models data analysis and interpretation to demonstrate
how scholars and health professionals analyze data to draw
conclusions, thereby guiding readers through thinking critically
about the information presented Presents thought-provoking
discussion questions that invite readers to explore topics further
and think more deeply about the information presented
Pandemics are disruptive. Thus, there is a need to prepare and plan
actions in advance for identifying, assessing, and responding to
such events to manage uncertainty and support sustainable
livelihood and wellbeing. A detailed assessment of a continuously
evolving situation needs to take place, and several aspects must be
brought together and examined before the declaration of a pandemic
even happens. Various health organizations; crisis management
bodies; and authorities at local, national, and international
levels are involved in the management of pandemics. There is no
better time to revisit current approaches to cope with these new
and unforeseen threats. As countries must strike a fine balance
between protecting health, minimizing economic and social
disruption, and respecting human rights, there has been an emerging
interest in lessons learned and specifically in revisiting past and
current pandemic approaches. Such approaches involve strategies and
practices from several disciplines and fields including healthcare,
management, IT, mathematical modeling, and data science. Using data
science to advance in-situ practices and prompt future directions
could help alleviate or even prevent human, financial, and
environmental compromise, and loss and social interruption via
state-of-the-art technologies and frameworks. Data Science
Advancements in Pandemic and Outbreak Management demonstrates how
strategies and state-of-the-art IT have and/or could be applied to
serve as the vehicle to advance pandemic and outbreak management.
The chapters will introduce both technical and non-technical
details of management strategies and advanced IT, data science, and
mathematical modelling and demonstrate their applications and their
potential utilization within the identification and management of
pandemics and outbreaks. It also prompts revisiting and critically
reviewing past and current approaches, identifying good and bad
practices, and further developing the area for future adaptation.
This book is ideal for data scientists, data analysts, infectious
disease experts, researchers studying pandemics and outbreaks, IT,
crisis and disaster management, academics, practitioners,
government officials, and students interested in applicable
theories and practices in data science to mitigate, prepare for,
respond to, and recover from future pandemics and outbreaks.
"Global Health in Africa" is a first exploration of selected
histories of global health initiatives in Africa. The collection
addresses some of the most important interventions in disease
control, including mass vaccination, large-scale treatment and/or
prophylaxis campaigns, harm reduction efforts, and nutritional and
virological research.
The chapters in this collection are organized in three sections
that evaluate linkages between past, present, and emergent. Part I,
"Looking Back," contains four chapters that analyze colonial-era
interventions and reflect upon their implications for contemporary
interventions. Part II, "The Past in the Present," contains essays
exploring the historical dimensions and unexamined assumptions of
contemporary disease control programs. Part III, "The Past in the
Future," examines two fields of public health intervention in which
efforts to reduce disease transmission and future harm are premised
on an understanding of the past.
This much-needed volume brings together international experts from
the disciplines of demography, anthropology, and historical
epidemiology. Covering health initiatives from smallpox
vaccinations to malaria control to HIV campaigns, "Global Health in
Africa" offers a first comprehensive look at some of global
health's most important challenges.
Contributors: James L. A. Webb, Jr.; Guillaume Lachenal; Jennifer
Tappan; Tamara Giles-Vernick and Stephanie Rupp; Anne Marie Moulin;
Myron Echenberg; Michel Garenne, Alain Giami, and Christophe
Perrey; Sheryl McCurdy and Haruka Maruyama
This text uses a case-study approach to present the core principles
of biochemistry and molecular biology in the context of human
disease to students who will be involved in patient care. The 33
cases are carefully selected to cover key concepts and common
diseases. Each chapter provides a specific patient report that
includes the relevant history, pertinent clinical laboratory data,
physical findings, and subsequent diagnosis. This is followed by a
comprehensive discussion of the normal biochemical processes and
reactions pertaining to the case, along with the pathophysiological
mechanisms of the disease. In this third edition of the book, a new
co-editor has aided in the substantially revised and more targeted
selection of cases. The whole volume is now clearly focussed on
intermediary metabolism and other topics central to biochemistry.
There are new chapters on topics such as collagen structure,
mitochondrial metabolism, and hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular
disease. There is also more coverage of nutrional biochemistry,
including new chapters on protein-calorie malnutrition, obesity,
vitamin A deficiency, and iron metabolism.The best cases were
retained from the previous edition, and have been completely
rewritten and updated to include recent advances in diagnostic
biochemistry and the status of current therapies. Although the
first edition was intended primarily for medical students, through
the years the book has proven useful for a wide variety of students
interested in the health science professions.
From preeminent LGBTQ scholar, social critic, and journalist Steven W. Thrasher comes a powerful and crucial exploration of one of the most pressing issues of our times: how viruses expose the fault lines of society.
Having spent a ground-breaking career studying the racialization, policing, and criminalization of HIV, Dr. Thrasher has come to understand a deeper truth at the heart of our society: that there are vast inequalities in who is able to survive viruses and that the ways in which viruses spread, kill, and take their toll are much more dependent on social structures than they are on biology alone.
Told through the heart-rending stories of friends, activists, and teachers navigating the novel coronavirus, HIV, and other viruses, Dr. Thrasher brings the reader with him as he delves into the viral underclass and lays bare its inner workings. In the tradition of Isabel Wilkerson’s Caste and Michelle Alexander’s The New Jim Crow, The Viral Underclass helps us understand the world more deeply by showing the fraught relationship between privilege and survival.
The last four decades of human history have seen the emergence of
an unprecedented number of 'new' infectious diseases: the familiar
roll call includes AIDS, Ebola, H5N1 influenza, hantavirus,
hepatitis E, Lassa fever, legionnaires' and Lyme diseases, Marburg
fever, Rift Valley fever, SARS, and West Nile. The outbreaks range
in scale from global pandemics that have brought death and misery
to millions, through to self-limiting outbreaks of mainly local
impact. Some outbreaks have erupted explosively but have already
faded away; some grumble along or continue to devastate as now
persistent features in the medical lexicon; in others, a huge
potential threat hangs uncertainly and worryingly in the air. Some
outbreaks are merely local, others are worldwide.
This book looks at the epidemiological and geographical conditions
which underpin disease emergence. What are the processes which lead
to emergence? Why now in human history? Where do such diseases
emerge and how do they spread or fail to spread around the globe?
What is the armoury of surveillance and control measures that may
curb the impact of such diseases? But, uniquely, it sets these
questions on the modern period of disease emergence in an
historical context. First, it uses the historical record to set
recent events against a much broader temporal canvas, finding
emergence to be a constant theme in disease history rather than one
confined to recent decades. It concludes that it is the
quantitative pace of emergence, rather than its intrinsic nature,
that separates the present period from earlier centuries. Second,
it looks at the spatial and ecological setting of emergence, using
hundreds of specially-drawn maps to chart the source areas of new
diseases and the pathways of their spread. The book is divided into
three main sections: Part 1 looks at early disease emergence, Part
2 at the processes of disease emergence, and Part 3 at the future
for emergent diseases.
Digestive Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Changes and Challenges
provides an in-depth examination into the rise of western digestive
diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). For those interested in the
causes of the major diseases of the 'West', the patterns in Africa
have always reflected on the emergence of western diseases and
elucidated the pattern of these conditions and their clinical
course. Coverage includes the present epidemiology of GI diseases
in SSA, the trends that are occurring, and the context of other
emerging diseases. Appropriate for researchers, gastroenterologists
and internists, this book brings together the latest research in a
single, complete volume.
This book is specifically designed to serve the community of
postgraduates and researchers in the fields of epidemiology, health
GIS, medical geography, and health management. It starts with the
basic concepts and role of remote sensing, GIS in Kala-azar
diseases. The book gives an exhaustive coverage of Satellite data,
GPS, GIS, spatial and attribute data modeling, and geospatial
analysis of Kala-azar diseases. It also presents the modern trends
of remote sensing and GIS in health risk assessment with an
illustrated discussion on its numerous applications.
This introductory book enables researchers and students of all
backgrounds to compute interrater agreements for nominal data. It
presents an overview of available indices, requirements, and steps
to be taken in a research project with regard to reliability,
preceded by agreement. The book explains the importance of
computing the interrater agreement and how to calculate the
corresponding indices. Furthermore, it discusses current views on
chance expected agreement and problems related to different
research situations, so as to help the reader consider what must be
taken into account in order to achieve a proper use of the indices.
The book offers a practical guide for researchers, Ph.D. and master
students, including those without any previous training in
statistics (such as in sociology, psychology or medicine), as well
as policymakers who have to make decisions based on research
outcomes in which these types of indices are used.
Get a quick, expert overview of the many key facets of heart
failure research with this concise, practical resource by Dr.
Longjian Liu. This easy-to-read reference focuses on the incidence,
distribution, and possible control of this significant clinical and
public health problem which is often associated with higher
mortality and morbidity, as well as increased healthcare
expenditures. This practical resource brings you up to date with
what's new in the field and how it can benefit your patients.
Features a wealth of information on epidemiology and research
methods related to heart failure. Discusses pathophysiology and
risk profile of heart failure, research and design, biostatistical
basis of inference in heart failure study, advanced biostatistics
and epidemiology applied in heart failure study, and precision
medicine and areas of future research. Consolidates today's
available information and guidance in this timely area into one
convenient resource.
Each issue of Orthopedic Clinics offers clinical review articles on
the most cutting edge technologies, techniques, and more in the
field. Major topic areas include: adult reconstruction, upper
extremity, pediatrics, trauma, oncology, hand, foot & ankle,
and sports medicine.
In the tradition of its predecessor, the main purpose of this
volume is the dissemination of statistical methodologies in the
area of biological and medical sciences. The chapters are written
by specialists with considerable experience in the application of
statistical techniques for investigating biological issues. The
volume is divided into four parts and the chapters illustrate some
recent work on many issues. Most of the papers discuss the
statistical principles in conjunction with specific applications.
As a result biological as well as statistical readers will benefit
from this exposition, and obtain the current state of knowledge in
these areas. Many authors emphasize the open problems that might
lead to further work on these subjects.
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