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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy > Ethics & moral philosophy
Fair Work explores topics relating to work and labor at the
intersection of ethics, social justice, and public policy. The
volume brings together essays by scholars in philosophy, education,
economics, and law that draw our attention to significant issues
raised by the transformation of modern work. The first part
examines work in the context of traditional ethical issues such as
virtue, dignity, and justice, while the second part includes
critical investigations at the intersection of ethics, social
policy, and globalization on topics such as education and job
credentials, happiness in the workplace, women and exploitation,
open borders and migrant labor, and human rights. This volume will
be of interest to students, professors, social scientists, policy
makers, and informed citizens trying to understand the complex
issues facing workers in the era of globalization.
Advances in our scientific understanding and technological power in
recent decades have dramatically amplified our capacity to
intentionally manipulate complex ecological and biological systems.
An implication of this is that biological and ecological problems
are increasingly understood and approached from an engineering
perspective. In environmental contexts, this is exemplified in the
pursuits of geoengineering, designer ecosystems, and conservation
cloning. In human health contexts, it is exemplified in the
development of synthetic biology, bionanotechnology, and human
enhancement technologies. Designer Biology: The Ethics of
Intensively Engineering Biological and Ecological Systems consists
of thirteen chapters (twelve of them original to the collection)
that address the ethical issues raised by technological
intervention and design across a broad range of biological and
ecological systems. Among the technologies addressed are
geoengineering, human enhancement, sex selection, genetic
modification, and synthetic biology. This collection advances and
enriches our understanding of the ethical issues raised by these
technologies and identifies general lessons about the ethics of
engineering complex biological and ecological systems that can be
applied as new technologies and practices emerge. The insights that
emerge will be especially valuable to students and scholars of
environmental ethics, bioethics, or technology ethics.
The moral theology of Hans G. Ulrich is presented here in English
for the first time. These collected essays represent the
culmination of a lifetime of reflection on Christian living from
this German theologian in conversation with Luther, Bonhoeffer, and
contemporary philosophers and theologians. Ulrich's ethics affirm
the lively presence of the living work of God in orienting the
daily life of Christians. This presence enables members of the
Church to live as creatures trusting in God's promises, bearing
witness in political and economic spheres, and trusting in life as
a gift in response to bioethical issues. Ulrich's fresh take on
living out of the promise of God yields further guidance on issues
in international relations, economics, parenting, disability, and
more.
Exploring the rupture between Wittgenstein's early and late phases,
Michael Smith provides an original re-assessment of the
metaphysical consistencies that exist throughout his divergent
texts. Smith shows how Wittgenstein's criticism of metaphysics
typically invoked the very thing he was seeking to erase. Taking an
alternative approach to the inherent contradiction in his work, the
'problem of metaphysics', as Smith terms it, becomes the organizing
principle of Wittgenstein's thought rather than something to
overcome. This metaphysical thread enables further reflection on
the poetic nature of Wittgenstein's philosophy as well as his
preoccupation with ethics and aesthetics as important factors
mostly absent from the secondary literature. The turn to aesthetics
is crucial to a re-assessment of Wittgenstein's legacy, and is done
in conjunction with an innovative analysis of Nietzsche's critique
of Kantian aesthetics and Kant's 'judgments of taste'. The result
is a unique discussion of the limits and possibilities of
metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics and the task of the philosopher
more generally.
Authorial Ethics is a normative study that deals with the many ways
in which writers abuse their commitment to truth and integrity. It
is divided by academic discipline and includes chapters on
journalism, history, literature, art, psychology, and science,
among others. Robert Hauptman offers generalizations and
theoretical remarks exemplified by specific cases. Two major
abrogations are inadvertent error and purposeful misconduct, which
is subdivided into falsification, fabrication, and plagiarism. All
of these problems appear in most disciplines, although their
negative impact is felt most potently in biomedical research and
publication. Professor Mary Lefkowitz, the classicist, provides an
incisive foreword.
From the perspectives of positive psychology and positive
communication, superheroes are often depicted as possessing virtues
and serving as inspirational exemplars. However, many of the
virtues enumerated as characterizing the superhero (e.g., courage,
teamwork, creativity) could just as easily be applied to heroes of
other genres. To understand what is unique to the superhero genre,
How Superheroes Model Community: Philosophically, Communicatively,
Relationally looks not only to the virtues that animate them, but
also to the underlying moral framework that gives meaning to those
virtues. The key to understanding their character is that often
they save strangers, and they do so in the public sphere. The
superhero's moral framework, therefore, must encompass both the
motivation to act to benefit others rather than themselves
(especially people to whom they have no relational obligation) and
to preserve the public sphere against those who would disrupt it.
Given such a framework, Nathan Miczo argues that superheroes are
not, and could not, be loners. They constantly form team-ups, super
teams, alliances, partnerships, take on mentorship roles, and
create sidekicks. Social constructionist approaches in the
communication field argue that communication, in part, works to
shape and create our social reality. Through this lens, Miczo
proposes that superheroes maintain themselves as a community
through the communicative practices they engage in.
Death comes for us all - eventually. Philosophers have long been
perplexed by how we ought to feel about death. Many people fear
death and believe that death is bad for the person who dies. But is
death bad for us, and if so, how is its badness best explained? If
we do not survive death -if death is simply a state of nothingness
- how can death be bad for us? If death is bad for us, do we have
good reason to live as long as possible? Would an immortal life
really be a good human life - or would even an immortal life
eventually become tedious and make us long for mortality? This
volume presents fourteen philosophical essays that examine our
attitudes toward mortality and immortality. The topics addressed
have become more urgent as scientists attempt to extend the human
lifespan, perhaps even indefinitely. This book invites the reader
to critically appraise his or her own attitudes toward death and
immortality by exploring the ethical, metaphysical, and
psychological complexities associated with these issues.
The book attempts to provide a wide overview of key ethical matters
in the philosophy of sport: What is fair play? Is strategic fouling
legitimate? What is the role of cheating and gamesmanship in sport?
What can be said about doping and physical enhancement? How can we
approach gender issues that come from the core of the practice of
sport? Does sport share any common characteristics, or even roots,
with racism, violence, or nationalism? Should cyborgathletes
compete in equal conditions with organic athletes? What can we do
with new technologies in sport? In the book there is an analyse of
all possible solutions that the main authors or contemporary sport
philosopher has brought forward on a topic, and after having laid
out the current panorama, the author deal with each of them
directly and personally.
In this important and original interdisciplinary work, well-known
environmental philosopher Eric Katz explores technology's role in
dominating both nature and humanity. He argues that technology
dominates, and hence destroys, the natural world; it dominates, and
hence destroys, critical aspects of human life and society.
Technology causes an estrangement from nature, and thus a loss of
meaning in human life. As a result, humans lose the power to make
moral and social choices; they lose the power to control their
lives. Katz's argument innovatively connects two distinct areas of
thought: the fundamental goal of the Holocaust, including Nazi
environmental policy, to heal the degenerate elements of society;
and the plan to heal degraded natural systems that informs the
contemporary environmental policy of 'ecological restoration'. In
both arenas of 'healing,' Katz argues that technological forces
drive action, while domination emerges as the prevailing ideology.
Katz's work is a plea for the development of a technology that does
not dominate and destroy but instead promotes autonomy and
freedom.Anne Frank, a victim of Nazi ideology and action, saw the
titular tree behind her secret annex as a symbol of freedom and
moral goodness. In Katz's argument, the tree represents a free and
autonomous nature, resistant to human control and domination. Anne
Frank's Tree is rooted in an empirical approach to philosophy,
seating complex ethical ideas in an accessible and powerful
narrative of historical fact and deeply personal lived experience.
What if wilderness is bad for wildlife? This question motivates the
philosophical investigation in Wilderness, Morality, and Value.
Environmentalists aim to protect wilderness, and for good reasons,
but wilderness entails unremittent, incalculable suffering for its
non-human habitants. Given that it will become increasingly
possible to augment nature in ways that ameliorates some of this
suffering, the morality of wilderness preservation is itself in
question. Joshua S. Duclos argues that the technological and
ethical reality of the Anthropocene warrants a fundamental
reassessment of the value of wilderness. After exposing the moral
ambiguity of wilderness preservation, he explores the value of
wilderness itself by engaging with anthropocentricism and
nonanthropocentrism; sentientism, biocentrism, and ecocentrism; and
instrumental value and intrinsic value. Duclos argues that the
value of wilderness is a narrow form of anthropocentric intrinsic
value, one with a religio-spiritual dimension. By integrating
scholarship from bioethics on the norms of engineering human nature
with debates in environmental ethics concerning the prospect of
engineering non-human nature, Wilderness, Morality, and Value sets
the stage for wilderness ethics-or wilderness faith-in the
Anthropocene.
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Why Vegan?
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Peter Singer
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'So the only question is: do animals other than man suffer?' One of
the great moral philosophers of the modern age, Peter Singer asks
unflinching questions about how we should live our lives. The ideas
collected in these writings, arguing that human tyranny over
animals is a wrong comparable to racism and sexism, triggered the
animal rights movement and gave impetus to the rise in vegan
eating. One of twenty new books in the bestselling Penguin Great
Ideas series. This new selection showcases a diverse list of
thinkers who have helped shape our world today, from anarchists to
stoics, feminists to prophets, satirists to Zen Buddhists.
Featuring leading scholars from philosophy and religious studies,
The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Ethics dispels the myth
that Indian thinkers and philosophers were uninterested in ethics.
This comprehensive research handbook traces Indian moral philosophy
through classical, scholastic Indian philosophy, pan-Indian
literature including the Epics, Ayurvedic medical ethics, as well
as recent, traditionalist and Neo-Hindu contributions. Contrary to
the usual myths about India (that Indians were too busy being
religious to care about ethics), moral theory constitutes the
paradigmatic differentia of formal Indian philosophy, and is
reflected richly in popular literature. Many of the papers make
this clear by an analytic explication that draws critical
comparisons and contrasts between classical Indian moral philosophy
and contemporary contributions to ethics. By critically addressing
ethics as a sub-discipline of philosophy and acknowledging the
mistaken marginalization of Indian moral philosophy, this handbook
reveals how Indian contributions can illuminate contemporary
philosophical research on ethics. Unlike previous approaches to
Indian ethics, this volume is organized in accordance with major
topics in moral philosophy. The volume contains an extended
introduction, exploring topics in moral semantics, the philosophy
of thought, (metaethical and normative) ethical theory, and the
politics of scholarship, which serve to show how the diversity of
Indian moral philosophy is a contribution to the discipline of
ethics. With an overview of Indian moral theory, and a glossary,
this is a valuable guide to understanding the past, present and
future research directions of a central component of Indian
philosophy.
Children's Rights and Moral Parenting offers systematic treatment
of a variety of issues involving the intersection of the rights of
children and the moral responsibility of parents. Mark C. Vopat
offers a theory of the relationship between children, parents, and
the state that can be applied to the real life decisions that
parents are often in the position to make on behalf of their
children. In many instances, our current view of parental "rights"
has granted parents far more discretion than is morally warranted.
Vopat arrives at this conclusion by carefully considering the
unique status children have; socially, legally, and morally in most
western societies. Children's Rights and Moral Parenting is
essentially contractualist in the Rawlsian tradition. While it may
appear counterintuitive to speak of children in terms of the social
contract tradition, there is much this approach can do to provide
some conceptual clarity to the nature of the relationship between
children, parents and the state. The overarching theme of the book
is the moral independence of children from extreme forms of
parental and, at times, social control. The objective of the book
is to provide an argument for extending the range of things owed to
children, as well as making the case for fully including children
in the moral community.
Despite the nuclear accident at the Fukushima Daiichi plant in
Japan, a growing number of countries are interested in expanding or
introducing nuclear energy. However, nuclear energy production and
nuclear waste disposal give rise to pressing ethical questions that
society needs to face. This book takes up this challenge with
essays by an international team of scholars focusing on the key
issues of risk, justice, and democracy. The essays consider a range
of ethical issues, including radiological protection, the influence
of gender in the acceptability of nuclear risk, and environmental,
international, and intergenerational justice in the context of
nuclear energy. They also address the question of when, and under
which conditions, nuclear energy should play a role in the world's
future supply of electricity, looking at both developing and
industrialized countries. The book will interest readers in ethics
and political philosophy, social and political sciences, nuclear
engineering, and policy studies.
Engineers love to build "things" and have an innate sense of
wanting to help society. However, these desires are often not
connected or developed through reflections on the complexities of
philosophy, biology, economics, politics, environment, and culture.
To guide future efforts and to best bring about human flourishment
and a just world, Engineering and Philosophy: Reimagining
Technology and Progress brings together practitioners and scholars
to inspire deeper conversations on the nature and varieties of
engineering. The perspectives in this book are an act of
reimagination: how does engineering serve society, and in a vital
sense, how should it.
Death comes for us all - eventually. Philosophers have long been
perplexed by how we ought to feel about death. Many people fear
death and believe that death is bad for the person who dies. But is
death bad for us, and if so, how is its badness best explained? If
we do not survive death -if death is simply a state of nothingness
- how can death be bad for us? If death is bad for us, do we have
good reason to live as long as possible? Would an immortal life
really be a good human life - or would even an immortal life
eventually become tedious and make us long for mortality? This
volume presents fourteen philosophical essays that examine our
attitudes toward mortality and immortality. The topics addressed
have become more urgent as scientists attempt to extend the human
lifespan, perhaps even indefinitely. This book invites the reader
to critically appraise his or her own attitudes toward death and
immortality by exploring the ethical, metaphysical, and
psychological complexities associated with these issues.
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