Essay from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Controlling, grade: 1,3, European Business School - International University Schloss Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, course: Vertiefung Controlling, 8 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Contemporary times are characterized by quick, dynamic, and continuing changes in the economy. Therefore, companies have to adapt flexibly and innovatively to these changes in order to stay competitive and cope with the increasing pressure of competition. In particular, Asian and East-European competitors gain market share by offering products of better quality than in earlier times and for lower costs. Under these conditions, costs represent a fundamental factor for the success of western companies. Accordingly, management and employees have to fully exploit the potential that cost management and reduction measures offer. However, costs are not the only buying decision criterion. Customers expect products with high quality but for a low or moderate price. Correspondingly, companies have to adjust their new product developments and production systems to market requirements. This can be achieved by the Target Costing approach, a tool that is applied in more and more companies. Therefore, the aim of this essay is to explain the goals and method of Target Costing. It starts with giving some background information about Target Costing and its historical development. Chapter three describes the goals of Target Costing. Then, the Target Costing process is explained in detail. Finally, this essay concludes by discussing that Target Costing is an effective cost management tool for developing new products according to market requirements. ...

Presenting accounting theory as a vibrant, relevant topic in a changing world, this text has established itself as the market leader in Australia and New Zealand. The third edition retains core strengths that appeal both to academics and students, critical evaluation, a writing style that is easy to read and understand, and a balanced discussion of different theories of accounting to stimulate student interest. Contemporary examples and questions have been included and other content (such as the topical area of debt contracting) extensively updated. With twelve chapters that are arranged in a logical sequence, this text is ideally suited for one-semester subjects. It is also an ideal text for those undertaking further research at postgraduate levels. Comprehensive internal referencing guides point the reader to undertake further reading or investigate aspects at a deeper level.

Seminar paper from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Controlling, grade: 1,7, European Business School - International University Schloss Reichartshausen Oestrich-Winkel, course: Seminar Controlling, 28 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Long before the globalisation had become a buzz word and an impetus for companies to invest abroad, enterprises enlarged their "business playing field" into foreign countries for various reasons, such as to capture a new market, to secure resources, or to take advantage of local cost levels. Therefore, subsidiaries are heavily involved in the value creation process for and within multinational corporations (MNCs). However, despite the fact that the measurement of performance is crucial for globally active companies not only in steering the value creation for the MNC but also, for example, in fostering international expansion or guiding resource allocation, MNCs differ significantly in the extent to which they are aware of the performance of their subsidiaries. Due to the fact that strategic decisions regarding the global expansion of a MNC require a wide and clear information basis to be able to assess how successfully a foreign subsidiary has conducted its business or under what possibly unfavourable environmental conditions the business results were achieved, multinational enterprises have to implement a system for evaluating the performance of their foreign subsidiaries and their management. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse the central aspects to consider in the evaluation of the performance of foreign subsidiaries. This paper is divided into five chapters. After a short introduction to the theoretical background of performance evaluation in chapter 2, the paper continues in chapter 3 with the central issues of an effective performance evaluation system for foreign subsidiaries with a clear focus on the aspect of separating managerial and subsidiary performance. Then chapter 4 illustrat

Accounting literature refers to the procedural and conceptual approaches in the teaching of an introductory accounting course. This book integrates these two approaches by teaching students to understand the concepts that underpin the application of accounting theory in the solution of accounting problems. The pedagogical philosophy used is referred to as the concepts model, hence the title, A Concepts-Based Introduction to Financial Accounting. This impacts on both the order of teaching of the topics as well as how various topics are taught.

A strong emphasis is placed on comprehending the conceptual framework, and especially on understanding and applying definitions of the elements of the financial statements. Students are able to acquire a conceptual understanding of each topic before considering the procedural aspects.

The textbook has an accompanying tutorial/assignment book by DL Kolitz, Questions, Exercises and Problems in Financial Accounting: Introductory. The chapters in both books correspond for ease of reference, especially useful when the books are used together.

A Concepts-Based Introduction to Financial Accounting incorporates changes to the pedagogical approach of the book, such as the inclusion of extracts from financial statements of listed companies, highlighting of key definitions in the text and the integration of pause and reflect insertions in each chapter.

The book is up-to-date with the latest requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards, local SAICA circulars and corporate law reform. The requirements and terminology of the new IAS 1 have also been incorporated throughout the book.

Seminar paper from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Revision, Auditing, grade: 1,0, University of Augsburg (Lehrstuhl fur Wirtschaftsprufung und Controlling), course: US-GAAP Seminar, 27 entries in the bibliography, language: English, comment: The paper covers US-GAAP specific regulations of software revenue recognition. The standards used in this paper consist of SOP 97-2 and SOP 98-9., abstract: Several years ago software vendors had the possibility to implement very different accounting practices for their financial statements especially in the area of revenue recognition. About 15% of the companies, covered by a survey of ADAPSO in 1983, took use of the ability to blow up revenue and recognized it early upon signing of the contract. Since then the rules have changed a lot. New accounting standards were introduced and software companies are now limited in how and when they can recognize revenue. This leads to the ability to compare financial statements among competitors more easily and reflects the current financial condition in a better way. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview about US-GAAP's regulations of software revenue recognition. Therefore the criteria of SOP 97-2 and SOP 98-9 are explained and multiple-element arrangements are also described in detail.

Accounting may be challenging, but with training and practice students can come out of a financial accounting course having achieved success! With David Weiner's "Financial Accounting as a Second Language, " students will get the practice and training they need to better understand fundamental principles, build confidence, and solve problems.

The goal of this title is to: introduce the language of accounting, explain the core concepts of accounting, and learn how to apply these core concepts to solve accounting problems. Developed by David Weiner through his forty year teaching career, this text is filled with study skills, techniques, and strategies used help students learn the core concepts of accounting and get the grades they deserve.

This work, motivated by the controversy surrounding fair value accounting for all financial instruments in financial institutions, generates empirical evidence on preparer and user preferences. An understanding of actual perceptions is important for standard-setters to determine the most acceptable accounting standard for financial instruments, particularly for the complex financial institutions industry in Australia and Singapore, two prominent financial markets of the Asian Pacific region. On average, preparers neither strongly support nor strongly oppose fair value accounting, while users are slightly more supportive. Results show that achieving the qualitative characteristics espoused by the IASB framework for financial reporting is far more important than trying to fulfill the different needs of various groups. This slight support for fair value accounting is part of a bigger tapestry of a slow but steady movement towards fair value measurement in financial accounting and reporting. The findings would be useful to those interested in accounting standards, especially in relation to fair value accounting for financial instruments in financial institutions.

Essay from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Controlling, grade: 1,0, Abo Akademi Universitat, Finnland ( Abo Akademi Universitat, Finnland, Department of Business Studies), course: Essay on Accounting, 123 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: A lot of particularly big companies are nowadays in the position to provide comprehensive information about critical business processes to decision-makers nearly in real-time with low additional efforts. Information about those processes can be traced through information technology, aggregated and analyzed and used for management decision-making. Still these possibilities are not fully recognized and realized. Aim of this work is therefore to examine the thesis that direct activity/process information must be taken into stronger account for management control and that the management accounting system must adopt the changing organizational and environmental realities by developing and implementing mechanisms to model the process perspective and integrating process information. The integration of process information enhances continuous improvement by providing up-to-date, and easy to understand and interpret measures on the local level that forces immanent response and leads to actions based on observable derivations from defined process objectives. After essential definitions about Management Accounting, Performance Measurement, and Business Process Management criticism on traditional performance measures is presented (chapter 3.1). Further, arguments that underpin the need to change the Performance Measurement system according to the changes that are implied by a process-based view on the organization are given and aggregation issues are discussed (chapter 3.2). Afterwards, concepts for integrated Performance Measurement systems, e.g. based on the Balanced Scorecard and process measurement frameworks like SCOR or EFQM, that integrate process information are presented (chapter 3.3). In the l

Most banks and the recently upcoming hedge fund industry rely to a different extent on technical trading rules and technical analysis. The fact that these technical trading rules yield superior returns in practice raises several questions that will be examined in this book. First, one of the most crucial questions is in which assets technical trading rules perform extraordinarily well. This analysis is based on a risk-return approach with an assessment of the negative standard deviation of each asset as a risk indicator. Second, the statistical significance of technical trading is examined by using a simulation method known as bootstrap. Third, null models are simulated to answer the question to what extent autoregressive models and GARCH models are able to capture the dependencies in the future time series. Finally, a rule optimizer algorithm is developed to assess if any rule parameters yield superior returns over a wide range of assets.

A practical business cookbook on how to creatively collect debts from overdue customers using Asian and Western collection strategies. The author is an American living in Asia since 1995. Accounts receivables are most firms largest asset, and often it's most unmanageable. This book shares ideas to improve your firm's processes, people, and systems to reduce bad debts and increase sales and profits. A humorous, 'how to' book to put more money in your firm's pocket while keeping you up-to-date in the field.

A knowledge of key accounting concepts and an understanding of corporate financial practices are essential in making good business decisions. This concise book on financial accounting introduces the readers to such accounting concepts in a corporate framework.With a strong user-based approach fortified by practical examples, the author presents a tailor-made textbook to meet the immediate requirement of the MBA curriculum. The contents and the organization of the chapters make the book eminently suitable for short term professional courses on the subject.This book: aims to teach the subject in a simple and jargon-free language; introduces a new chapter devoted to advance accounting concepts; includes a mini-accounting dictionary for ready reference; each section is supplemented by a large number of examples; and, easily understandable even by non-finance professionals.

This book explains its meaning, principles, concepts in a lucid style. It also contains the latest i.e. upto 2006 Delhi university and other professional bodies examinations papers along with sufficient number of unsolved questions of different types.

Accountants and financial managers are often the first professionals to realize that a financial problem exists within a corporation but must be familiar with the various alternatives available to clients before they can offer solutions. Completely updated, "Bankruptcy and Insolvency Accounting, Seventh Edition, Volume 1" provides detailed information on SOP 90-7 and FASB statements 141, 142, and 144 and revisions made in CSSR 93-1 by CSSR 03-1. The process of corporate restructuring is thoroughly described for controllers, CEOs, CFOs and CPAs with small businesses as clients.

Every day, organizations around the world use SAP (System Applications and Products in Data Processing) client/server systems. The basic enterprise resource planning software package offered by SAP consists of various modules that are specifically designed to direct a variety of important business functions: Financials (FI), Sales and Distribution (SD), Materials Management (MM), Controlling (CO), Asset Management (AM), Production Planning (PP), and Human Resources (HR).

"mySAP FI Fieldbook" offers information technology professionals an in-depth look at the Financial (FI) module of this high-powered software. Author Thomas H. Spitters discusses a number of topics that will keep any company's SAP system running optimally, including strategies to guarantee: High availabilityHigh performanceData security

"mySAP FI Fieldbook" is ideal for the new project team member, financial manager or controller, or any staff member in need of some immediate orientation with SAP's FI module. Discover everything you need to know about the powerful mySAP FI accounting function within this wide-reaching computing environment!

This book is designed for a first level course in financial accounting offered in business schools, universities and professional programmes. It also explains the applications of accounting issued by professional bodies

Why yesterday's accounting model doesn't work anymore, and how it can be fixed

As Congress and the nation debate the state of accounting today, "Rethinking the Rules of Financial Accounting "examines the governing set of laws and proposes needed upgrades and improvements. Prolific writer Robert Anthony examines and discusses how and why specific rules of accounting contain inconsistencies, resulting in conflicting reports, and ways to correct the defects for reliable financial information.

Robert Anthony continues to help generations of students and professionals learn and apply the rules of accounting. Now he turns his sights to practitioners as he discusses: How today's rules and standards were first developed Ways to improve each of the four key financial statements Implementation of changes in the rules for governing the financial reporting model

How to get good with money, even if you have no idea where to start.

The Financial Diet is the personal finance book for people who don't care about personal finance. Whether you're in need of an overspending detox, buried under student debt, or just trying to figure out how to live on an entry-level salary, The Financial Diet gives you tools to make a budget, understand investments, and deal with your credit. Chelsea Fagan has tapped a range of experts to help you make the best choices for you, but she also knows that being smarter with money isn't just about what you put in the bank. It's about everything--from the clothes you put in your closet, to your financial relationship habits, to the food you put in your kitchen (instead of ordering in again). So The Financial Diet gives you the tools to negotiate a raise and the perfect cocktail recipe to celebrate your new salary.

The Financial Diet will teach you:

- how to get good with money in a year.

- the ingredients everyone needs to have a budget-friendly kitchen.

- how to talk about awkward money stuff with your friends.

- the best way to make (and stick to!) a budget.

- how to take care of your house like a grown-up.

- what the hell it means to invest (and how you can do it).

What are the requirements of the new intermediate sanctions law?

What is the definition of an excess benefit transaction?

How will financial penalties be determined?

How will sanctions be applied?

What are the law's expanded reporting and disclosure requirements?

What can nonprofits do to plan for compliance?

These are just some of the questions you may be asking about intermediate sanctions, the most important legislation to impact the nonprofit sector in a generation. This unique guide tackles these crucial issues and more, equipping you with the vital information you need to understand the new rules and work with them effectively.

Written by two of the country's leading authorities on tax-exempt organizations, Intermediate Sanctions reviews the history and background of the act, and systematically examines how this body of law promises to affect the operations of public charities and other tax-exempt organizations. Clear and direct in approach, the book features down-to-earth examples throughout, making it an essential practical resource for lawyers, accountants, managers, and others working in the nonprofit arena.