The advancements in micro- and nano-fabrication techniques, especially in the last couple of decades, have led research communities, over the world, to invest unprecedented levels of attention on the science and technology of micro- and nano-scale devices and the concerned applications. With an intense focus on micro- and nanotechnology from a fluidic perspective, Microfluidics and Microscale Transport Processes provides a broad review of advances in this field. A comprehensive compendium of key indicators to recent developments in some very active research topics in microscale transport processes, it supplies an optimal balance between discussions of concrete applications and development of fundamental understanding. The chapters discuss a wide range of issues in the sub-domains of capillary transport, fluidic resistance, electrokinetics, substrate modification, rotational microfluidics, and the applications of the phenomena of these sub-domains in diverse situations ranging from non-biological to biological ones like DNA hybridization and cellular biomicrofluidics. The book also addresses a generic problem of particle transport in nanoscale colloidal suspensions and includes a chapter on Lattice-Boltzmann methods for phase-changing problems which represents a generic particle based approach that may be useful to address many microfluidic problems of interdisciplinary relevance.

This book covers specific aspects of submarine hydrodynamics in a very practical manner. The author reviews basic concepts of ship hydrodynamics and goes on to show how they are applied to submarines, including a look at the use of physical model experiments. The book is intended for professionals working in submarine hydrodynamics, as well as for advanced students in the field. This revised edition includes updated information on empirical methods for predicting the hydrodynamic manoeuvring coefficients, and for predicting the resistance of a submarine. It also includes new material on how to assess propulsors, and includes measures of wake distortion, which has a detrimental influence on propulsor performance. Additional information on safe manoeuvring envelopes is also provided. The wide range of references has been updated to include the latest material in the field.

Since the publication of "Spectral Methods in Fluid Dynamics" 1988, spectral methods have become firmly established as a mainstream tool for scientific and engineering computation. The authors of that book have incorporated into this new edition the many improvements in the algorithms and the theory of spectral methods that have been made since then. This latest book retains the tight integration between the theoretical and practical aspects of spectral methods, and the chapters are enhanced with material on the Galerkin with numerical integration version of spectral methods. The discussion of direct and iterative solution methods is also greatly expanded.

This book introduces methodologies for subsurface imaging based upon asymptotic and trajectory-based methods for modeling fluid flow, transport and deformation. It describes trajectory-based imaging from its mathematical formulation, through the construction and solution of the imaging equations, to the assessment of the accuracy and resolution associated with the image. Unique in its approach, it provides a unified framework for the complete spectrum of physical phenomena from wave-like hyperbolic problems to diffusive parabolic problems and non-linear problems of mixed character. The practical aspects of imaging, particularly efficient and robust methods for updating high resolution geologic models using fluid flow, transport and geophysical data, are emphasized throughout the book. Complete with online software applications and examples that enable readers to gain hands-on experience, this volume is an invaluable resource for graduate-level courses, as well as for academic researchers and industry practitioners in the fields of geoscience, hydrology, and petroleum and environmental engineering.

As global consumption of fossil fuels such as oil increases, previously abundant sources have become depleted or plagued with obstructions. Asphaltene deposition is one of such obstructions which can significantly decrease the rate of oil production. This book offers concise yet thorough coverage of the complex problem of asphaltene precipitation and deposition in oil production. It covers fundamentals of chemistry, stabilization theories and mechanistic approaches of asphaltene behavior at high temperature and pressure. Asphaltene Deposition: Fundamentals, Prediction, Prevention, and Remediation explains techniques for experimental determination of asphaltene precipitation and deposition and different modeling tools available to forecast the occurrence and magnitude of asphaltene deposition in a given oil field. It discusses strategies for mitigation of asphaltene deposition using chemical inhibition and corresponding challenges, best practices for asphaltene remediation, current research, and case studies.

Wax Deposition: Experimental Characterizations, Theoretical Modeling, and Field Practices covers the entire spectrum of knowledge on wax deposition. The book delivers a detailed description of the thermodynamic and transport theories for wax deposition modeling as well as a comprehensive review of laboratory testing for the establishment of appropriate field control strategies. Offering valuable insight from academic research and the flow assurance industry, this balanced text: Discusses the background of wax deposition, including the cause of the phenomenon, the magnitude of the problem, and its impact on petroleum production Introduces laboratory techniques and theoretical models to measure and predict key parameters of wax precipitation, such as the wax appearance temperature and the wax precipitation curve Explains how to conduct and interpret laboratory experiments to benchmark different wax deposition models, to better understand wax deposition behaviors, and to predict wax deposit growth for the field Presents various models for wax deposition, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of each and evaluating the differences between the assumptions used Provides numerous examples of how field management strategies for wax deposition can be established based on laboratory testing and modeling work Wax Deposition: Experimental Characterizations, Theoretical Modeling, and Field aids flow assurance engineers in identifying the severity and controlling the problem of wax deposition. The book also shows students and researchers how fundamental principles of thermodynamics, heat, and mass transfer can be applied to solve a problem common to the petroleum industry.

This is the first-ever book on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and its variations, covering the theoretical background, numerical techniques, code implementation issues, and many novel and interesting applications. It contains many appealing and practical examples, including free surface flows, high explosive detonation and explosion, underwater explosion and water mitigation of explosive shocks, high velocity impact and penetration, and multiple scale simulations coupled with the molecular dynamics method. An SPH source code is provided and coupling of SPH and molecular dynamics is discussed for multiscale simulation, making this a friendly book for readers and SPH users.

The complex flows in the atmosphere and oceans are believed to be accurately modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid mechanics together with classical thermodynamics. However, due to the enormous complexity of these equations, meteorologists and oceanographers have constructed approximate models of the dominant, large-scale flows that control the evolution of weather systems and that describe, for example, the dynamics of cyclones and ocean eddies. The simplifications often result in models that are amenable to solution both analytically and numerically. The volume examines and explains why such simplifications to Newton's second law produce accurate, useful models and, just as the meteorologist seeks patterns in the weather, mathematicians seek structure in the governing equations, such as groups of transformations, Hamiltonian structure and stability.

This comprehensive introduction to the mathematical theory of vorticity and incompressible flow begins with the elementary introductory material and leads into current research topics. While the book centers on mathematical theory, many parts also showcase the interaction among rigorous mathematical theory, numerical, asymptotic, and qualitative simplified modeling, and physical phenomena. The first half forms an introductory graduate course on vorticity and incompressible flow. The second half comprises a modern applied mathematics graduate course on the weak solution theory for incompressible flow.

Contains Fluid Flow Topics Relevant to Every Engineer Based on the principle that many students learn more effectively by using solved problems, Solved Practical Problems in Fluid Mechanics presents a series of worked examples relating fluid flow concepts to a range of engineering applications. This text integrates simple mathematical approaches that clarify key concepts as well as the significance of their solutions, and fosters an understanding of the fundamentals encountered in engineering. Comprised of nine chapters, this book grapples with a number of relevant problems and asks two pertinent questions to extend understanding and appreciation: What should we look out for? and What else is interesting? This text can be used for exam preparation and addresses problems that include two-phase and multi-component flow, viscometry and the use of rheometers, non-Newtonian fluids, and applications of classical fluid flow principles. While the author incorporates terminology recognized by all students of engineering and provides a full understanding of the basics, the book is written for engineers who already have a rudimentary understanding and familiarity of fluid flow phenomena. It includes engineering concepts such as dimensionless numbers and requires a fluency in basic mathematical skills, such as differential calculus and the associated application of boundary conditions to reach solutions. Solved Practical Problems in Fluid Mechanics thoroughly explains the concepts and principles of fluid flow by highlighting various problems frequently encountered by engineers with accompanying solutions. This text can therefore help you gain a complete understanding of fluid mechanics and draw on your own practical experiences to tackle equally tricky problems.

Instrumentation, Measurements, and Experiments in Fluids, Second Edition is primarily focused on essentials required for experimentation in fluids, explaining basic principles, and addressing the tools and methods needed for advanced experimentation. It also provides insight into the vital topics and issues associated with the devices and instruments used for fluid mechanics and gas dynamics experiments. The second edition adds exercise problems with answers, along with PIV systems of flow visualization, water flow channel for flow visualization, and pictures with Schlieren and shadowgraph-from which possible quantitative information can be extracted. Ancillary materials include detailed solutions manual and lecture slides for the instructors.

Covered from the vantage point of a user of a commercial flow package, Essentials of Computational Fluid Dynamics provides the information needed to competently operate a commercial flow solver. This book provides a physical description of fluid flow, outlines the strengths and weaknesses of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), presents the basics of the discretization of the equations, focuses on the understanding of how the flow physics interact with a typical finite-volume discretization, and highlights the approximate nature of CFD. It emphasizes how the physical concepts (mass conservation or momentum balance) are reflected in the CFD solutions while minimizing the required mathematical/numerical background. In addition, it uses cases studies in mechanical/aero and biomedical engineering, includes MATLAB and spreadsheet examples, codes and exercise questions. The book also provides practical demonstrations on core principles and key behaviors and incorporates a wide range of colorful examples of CFD simulations in various fields of engineering. In addition, this author: Introduces basic discretizations, the linear advection equation, and forward, backward and central differences Proposes a prototype discretization (first-order upwind) implemented in a spreadsheet/MATLAB example that highlights the diffusive character Looks at consistency, truncation error, and order of accuracy Analyzes the truncation error of the forward, backward, central differences using simple Taylor analysis Demonstrates how the of upwinding produces Artificial Viscosity (AV) and its importance for stability Explains how to select boundary conditions based on physical considerations Illustrates these concepts in a number of carefully discussed case studies Essentials of Computational Fluid Dynamics provides a solid introduction to the basic principles of practical CFD

Very Short Introductions: Brilliant, Sharp, Inspiring Fluid mechanics is an important branch of physics concerned with the way in which fluids, such as liquids and gases, behave when in motion and at rest. A quintessential interdisciplinary field of science, it interacts with many other scientific disciplines, from chemistry and biology to mathematics and engineering. This Very Short Introduction presents the field of fluid mechanics by focusing on the underlying physical ideas and using everyday phenomena to demonstrate them, from dripping taps to swimming ducks. Eric Lauga shows how this set of fundamental physical concepts can be applied to a wide range of flow behaviours and highlights the role of fluid motion in both the natural and industrial worlds. This book also considers future applications of fluid mechanics in science. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Presenting a comprehensive description of the theory and physics of high-intensity ultrasound, this book also deals with a wide range of problems associated with the industrial applications of ultrasound, mainly in the areas of metallurgy and mineral processing. The book is divided into three sections, and Part I introduces the reader to the theory and physics of high-intensity ultrasound. Part II considers the design of ultrasonic generators, mechanoacoustic radiators and other vibrational systems, as well as the control of acoustic parameters when vibrations are passed into a processed medium. Finally, Part III describes problems associated with various uses of high-intensity ultrasound in metallurgy. The applications of high-intensity ultrasound for metal shaping, thermal and thermochemical treatment, welding, cutting, refining, and surface hardening are also discussed here. This comprehensive monograph will provide an invaluable source of information, which has been largely unavailable in the West until now.

This book gives a self-contained and up-to-date account of mathematical results in the linear theory of water waves. The study of waves has many applications, including the prediction of behavior of floating bodies (ships, submarines, tension-leg platforms etc.), the calculation of wave-making resistance in naval architecture, and the description of wave patterns over bottom topography in geophysical hydrodynamics. The first section deals with time-harmonic waves. Three linear boundary value problems serve as the approximate mathematical models for these types of water waves. The next section uses a plethora of mathematical techniques in the investigation of these three problems. The techniques used in the book include integral equations based on Green's functions, various inequalities between the kinetic and potential energy and integral identities which are indispensable for proving the uniqueness theorems. The so-called inverse procedure is applied to constructing examples of non-uniqueness, usually referred to as 'trapped nodes.'

Earthen levees are extensively used to protect the population and infrastructure from periodic floods and high water due to storm surges. The causes of failure of levees include overtopping, surface erosion, internal erosion, and slope instability. Overtopping may occur during periods of flooding due to insufficient freeboard. The most problematic situation involves the levee being overtopped by both surge and waves when the surge level exceeds the levee crest elevation with accompanying wave overtopping. Overtopping of levees produces fast-flowing, turbulent water velocities on the landward-side slope that can potentially damage the protective grass covering and expose the underlying soil to erosion. If overtopping continues long enough, the erosion may eventually result in loss of levee crest elevation and possibly breaching of the protective structure. Hence, protecting levees from erosion by surge overflow and wave overtopping is necessary to assure a viable and safe levee system. This book presents a cutting-edge approach to understanding overtopping hydraulics under negative free board of earthen levees, and to the study of levee reinforcing methods. Combining soil erosion test, full-scale laboratory overtopping hydraulics test, and numerical modeling for the turbulent overtopping hydraulics. It provides an analysis that integrates the mechanical and hydraulic processes governing levee overtopping occurrences and engineering approaches to reinforce overtopped levees. Topics covered: surge overflow, wave overtopping and their combination, full-scale hydraulic tests, erosion tests, overtopping hydraulics, overtopping discharge, and turbulent analysis. This is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers working on levee design, water resource engineering, hydraulic engineering, and coastal engineering, and for professionals in the field of civil and environmental engineering, and natural hazard analysis.

With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, this two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the study of environmental motions. It also offers critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering. The handbook features 81 chapters written by 135 renowned researchers from around the world. Covering environmental, policy, biological, and chemical aspects, it tackles important cross-disciplinary topics such as sustainability, ecology, pollution, micrometeorology, and limnology. Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, including introductory topics, general principles, and fundamental flow types. It emphasizes the close relevance of environmental fluid dynamics research in society, public policy, infrastructure, quality of life, security, and the law. The book explores established and emerging areas related to environmental fluid dynamics. It also describes sub-mesoscale flow processes and phenomena that form the building blocks of environmental motions. Volume Two: Systems, Pollution, Modeling, and Measurements explores the interactions between engineered structures and natural flows. It also discusses the major topic of environmental pollution, with a focus on numerical methods, predictive modeling, and computer infrastructure developments. The book also looks at practical aspects of laboratory experiments and field observations that validate quantitative predictions and help identify new phenomena and processes. As communities face existential challenges posed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and scarcity of water and energy, the study of environmental fluid dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This wide-ranging handbook is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and policymakers working to better understand natural motions and how they affect and are influenced by anthropogenic activities.

In this concise yet comprehensive book, the author discusses the principles of mass, momentum, and energy transport, and derives balance equations for single-component fluids and multicomponent mixtures based on the direct application of natural laws and principles of thermodynamics. Transport equations over control volumes are formulated with reference to the Reynolds transport equation, thereby circumventing the need for ad-hoc balances for open systems that are best justified in hindsight. Notable features with regard to mass transport include the interpretation of diffusion in mixtures in terms of species parcel motion and separation, the introduction of Fick's and fractional diffusion laws with reference to random molecular excursions, a detailed account of species and mixture kinematics and dynamics, and the discussion of partial stresses, energies, and entropies of individual mixture components. Key features of this book include: * The governing equations are derived from first principles based on the application of natural laws and principles of thermodynamics * Balances over control volumes are derived from rigorous equations governing material parcel property evolution * Fick's law, a fractional diffusion law, and other diffusion laws are discussed with reference to random walks * A detailed account of species and mixture kinematics and dynamics is presented for binary and multicomponent solutions * A tabulated summary of transport equations is presented in differential and integral forms, and an overview of classical thermodynamics is given in an appendix for a self-contained discourse C. Pozrikidis has taught at the University of California and the University of Massachusetts. He is the author of several books on theoretical and computational topics in science and engineering, applied mathematics, scientific computing, and computer science.

This volume continues previous DLES proceedings books, presenting modern developments in turbulent flow research. It is comprehensive in its coverage of numerical and modeling techniques for fluid mechanics.

After Surrey in 1994, Grenoble in 1996, Cambridge in 1999, Enschede in 2001, Munich in 2003, Poitiers in 2005, and Trieste in 2009, the 8th workshop, DLES8, was held in Eindhoven, The Netherlands, again under the auspices of ERCOFTAC. Following the spirit of the series, the goal of thisworkshopis to establish a state-of-the-art of DNS and LES techniques for the computation and modeling of transitional/turbulent flows covering a broad scope of topics such as aerodynamics, acoustics, combustion, multiphase flows, environment, geophysics and bio-medical applications. This gathering of specialists in the field was a unique opportunity for discussions about the more recent advances in the prediction, understanding and control of turbulent flows in academic or industrial situations.

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With major implications for applied physics, engineering, and the natural and social sciences, the rapidly growing area of environmental fluid dynamics focuses on the interactions of human activities, environment, and fluid motion. A landmark for the field, the two-volume Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics presents the basic principles, fundamental flow processes, modeling techniques, and measurement methods used in the study of environmental motions. It also offers critical discussions of environmental sustainability related to engineering. The handbook features 81 chapters written by 135 renowned researchers from around the world. Covering environmental, policy, biological, and chemical aspects, it tackles important cross-disciplinary topics such as sustainability, ecology, pollution, micrometeorology, and limnology. Volume One: Overview and Fundamentals provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles. It starts with general topics that emphasize the relevance of environmental fluid dynamics research in society, public policy, infrastructure, quality of life, security, and the law. It then discusses established and emerging focus areas. The volume also examines the sub-mesoscale flow processes and phenomena that form the building blocks of environmental motions, with emphasis on turbulent motions and their role in heat, momentum, and species transport. As communities face existential challenges posed by climate change, rapid urbanization, and scarcity of water and energy, the study of environmental fluid dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This volume is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and policymakers working to better understand the fundamentals of environmental motions and how they affect and are influenced by anthropogenic activities. See also Handbook of Environmental Fluid Dynamics,

This book provides 1-page short biographies of scientists and engineers having worked in the areas of hydraulic engineering and fluid dynamics in the USA. On each page, a notable individual is highlighted by: (1) Exact dates and locations of birth and death; (2) Educational and professional details, including also awards received; (3) Reasons for inclusion in the book by highlighting key publications; (4) Short bibliography including both individual's own, and source literature such as Who's Who details, or origination details of the portrait; (5) In most cases, an illustrative portrait or photo showing, for example, a book cover of the individual, or photograph of a typical work such as a dam or a canal. This volume includes almost 1,000 individuals, of which there are only 2 women. The book also provides a detailed Index, and a 2-page list of individuals (normally born in Europe) listed in previous volumes (1 and 2), but having a relation to this volume 3. The book also contains a map of the USA highlighting the major American rivers, with a close relation to projects carried out by several of the individuals presented in the book. This book provides a beautiful overview of the many scientists and engineers having contributed to the current knowledge in hydraulic engineering and fluid mechanics. The author made every effort in compiling the most important hydraulicians of the USA in this work as it will become much more difficult in future decades to find biographical details on these, given the current policy that so few memoirs or necrologues are published.

Including previously unpublished, original research material, this comprehensive book analyses topics of fundamental importance in theoretical fluid mechanics. The five papers appearing in this volume are centred around the mathematical theory of the Navier-Stokes equations (incompressible and compressible) and certain selected non-Newtonian modifications.

Large-Eddy Simulation (LES), which is an advanced eddy-resolving method for calculating turbulent flows, is used increasingly in Computational Fluid Dynamics, also for solving hydraulics and environmental flow problems. The method has generally great potential and is particularly suited for problems dominated by large-scale turbulent structures. This book gives an introduction to the LES method specially geared for hydraulic and environmental engineers. Compared with existing books on LES it is less theoretically and mathematically demanding and hence easier to follow, and it covers special features of flows in water bodies and summarizes the experience gained with LES for calculating such flows. The book was written primarily as an introduction to LES for hydraulic and environmental engineers, but it will also be very useful as an entry to the subject of LES for researchers and students in all fields of fluids engineering. The applications part will further be useful to researchers interested in the physics of flows governed by the dynamics of coherent structures.

Fluvial-Tidal Sedimentology provides information on the 'Tidal-Fluvial Transition', the transition zone between river and tidal environments, and includes contributions that address some of the most fundamental research questions, including how the morphology of the tidal-fluvial transition zone evolves over short (days) and long (decadal) time periods and for different tidal and fluvial regimes, the structure of the river flow as it varies in its magnitude over tidal currents and how this changes at the mixing interface between fresh and saline water and at the turbidity maximum, the role of suspended sediment in controlling bathymetric change and bar growth and the role of fine-grained sediment (muds and flocs), whether it is possible to differentiate between 'fluvial' and 'tidally' influenced bedforms as preserved in bars and within the adjacent floodplain and what are the diagnostic sedimentary facies of tidal-fluvial deposits and how are these different from 'pure' fluvial and tidal deposits, amongst other topics. The book presents the latest research on the processes and deposits of the tidal-fluvial transition, documenting recent major field programs that have quantified the flow, sediment transport, and bed morphology in tidal-fluvial zones. It uses description of contemporary environments and ancient outcrop analogues to characterize the facies change through the tidal-fluvial transition.