The book addresses computational methods for solving the problem of vibration, response, loads and stability of a helicopter rotor blade modeled as a rotating beam with flap or out-of-plane bending. The focus is on explaining the implementation of the finite element method in the space and time domain for the free vibration, aeroelastic response and stability problems. The use of Floquet analysis for the aeroelastic stability analysis of rotor blades is also shown. The contents of the book will be useful to researchers in aerodynamics and applied mechanics, and will also serve well professionals working in the aerospace industry.

Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics: Theory, Variational Principles, Numerical Methods and Applications gives a comprehensive accounting of fluid-solid interaction dynamics, including theory, numerical methods and their solutions for various FSI problems in engineering. The title provides the fundamental theories, methodologies and results developed in the application of FSI dynamics. Four numerical approaches that can be used with almost all integrated FSI systems in engineering are presented. Methods are linked with examples to illustrate results. In addition, numerical results are compared with available experiments or numerical data in order to demonstrate the accuracy of the approaches and their value to engineering applications. The title gives readers the state-of-the-art in theory, variational principles, numerical modeling and applications for fluid-solid interaction dynamics. Readers will be able to independently formulate models to solve their engineering FSI problems using information from this book.

Microfluidics deals with fluids flowing in miniaturized systems. It is a young discipline, which is expected to substantially expand over the next few years, stimulated by the considerable development of applications in the pharmaceutical, biomedical and chemical engineering domains.
The book is an introduction to this discipline. In the first chapter, it presents a short historical background and discusses the main perspectives of the domain, at economical and scientific levels. Then the physics of miniaturization and the fluid mechanics of microflows are discussed. In the following three chapters, dispersion, electrical and thermal phenomena in miniaturized devices are presented. A brief introduction to microfabrication techniques is given in chapter six and the book concludes by providing a few examples of microfludic systems.
The book is written in a simple, direct, pedagogical way. It emphasizes concepts and understanding, rather than technical detail. It offers a cross-disciplinary view of the field embracing biological, chemical, physical and engineering perspectives. By using the book, the reader will have concepts, methods and data to grasp situation, which typically arise in mircofludic systems.

This book describes the derivation of the equations of motion of fluids as well as the dynamics of ocean and atmospheric currents on both large and small scales through the use of variational methods. In this way the equations of Fluid and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics are re-derived making use of a unifying principle, that is Hamilton's Principle of Least Action. The equations are analyzed within the framework of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics for continuous systems. The analysis of the equations' symmetries and the resulting conservation laws, from Noether's Theorem, represent the core of the description. Central to this work is the analysis of particle relabeling symmetry, which is unique for fluid dynamics and results in the conservation of potential vorticity. Different special approximations and relations, ranging from the semi-geostrophic approximation to the conservation of wave activity, are derived and analyzed. Thanks to a complete derivation of all relationships, this book is accessible for students at both undergraduate and graduate levels, as well for researchers. Students of theoretical physics and applied mathematics will recognize the existence of theoretical challenges behind the applied field of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, while students of applied physics, meteorology and oceanography will be able to find and appreciate the fundamental relationships behind equations in this field.

This introductory book addresses a broad range of classical Fluid Dynamics topics, interesting applications, and related problems in everyday life. The geophysical and astrophysical applications discussed concern e.g. the shape and internal structure of the Earth and stars, the dynamics of the atmosphere and ocean, hydrodynamic instabilities, and the different kinds of waves that can be found in the atmosphere, ocean and solid Earth. Non-linear waves (solitons) are also mentioned. In turn, the book explores problems from everyday life, including the motion of golf balls, life at low Reynolds numbers, the physics of sailing, and the aerodynamics of airplanes and Grand Prix cars. No book on this topic would be complete without a look at chaos and turbulence; here the problems span from Gaussian plumes to chaotic dynamos, to stochastic climate modeling. Advances in fluid dynamics have produced a wealth of numerical methods and techniques, which are used in many of the applications. Given its structure, the book can be used both for an introductory course to fluid dynamics and as preparation for more advanced problems typical of graduate-level courses.

This book presents experimental and numerical findings on reducing shock-induced separation by applying transition upstream the shock wave. The purpose is to find out how close to the shock wave the transition should be located in order to obtain favorable turbulent boundary layer interaction. The book shares findings obtained using advanced flow measurement methods and concerning e.g. the transition location, boundary layer characteristics, and the detection of shock wave configurations. It includes a number of experimental case studies and CFD simulations that offer valuable insights into the flow structure. It covers RANS/URANS methods for the experimental test section design, as well as more advanced techniques, such as LES, hybrid methods and DNS for studying the transition and shock wave interaction in detail. The experimental and numerical investigations presented here were conducted by sixteen different partners in the context of the TFAST Project. The general focus is on determining if and how it is possible to improve flow performance in comparison to laminar interaction. The book mainly addresses academics and professionals whose work involves the aerodynamics of internal and external flows, as well as experimentalists working with compressible flows. It will also be of benefit for CFD developers and users, and for students of aviation and propulsion systems alike.

This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 "Flowing Matter".

This book presents a sequential representation of the electrodynamics of conducting media with dispersion. In addition to the general electrodynamic formalism, specific media such as classical nondegenerate plasma, degenerate metal plasma, magnetoactive anisotropic plasma, atomic hydrogen gas, semiconductors, and molecular crystals are considered. The book draws on such classics as Electrodynamics of plasma and plasma-like media (Silin and Rukhadze) and Principles of Plasma Electrodynamics (Alexandrov, Bogdankevich, and Rukhadze), yet its outlook is thoroughly modern-both in content and presentation, including both classical and quantum approaches. It explores such recent topics as surface waves on thin layers of plasma and non-dispersive media, the permittivity of a monatomic gas with spatial dispersion, and current-driven instabilities in plasma, among many others. Each chapter is equipped with a large number of problems with solutions that have academic and practical importance. This book will appeal to graduate students as well as researchers and other professionals due to its straight-forward yet thorough treatment of electrodynamics in conducting dispersive media.

This book systematically introduces readers to the fundamental physics and a broad range of applications of acoustic levitation, one of the most promising techniques for the container-free handling of small solid particles and liquid droplets. As it does away with the need for solid walls and can easily be incorporated into analysis instruments, acoustic levitation has attracted considerable research interest in many fields, from fluid physics to material science. The book offers a comprehensive overview of acoustic levitation, including the history of acoustic radiation force; the design and development of acoustic levitators; the technology's applications, ranging from drop dynamics studies to bio/chemical analysis; and the insightful perspectives that the technique provides. It also discusses the latest advances in the field, from experiments to numerical simulations. As such, the book provides readers with a clearer understanding of acoustic levitation, while also stimulating new research areas for scientists and engineers in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and other related fields.

This monograph is concerned with free-boundary problems of partial differential equations arising in the physical sciences and in engineering. The existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Hele-Shaw problem are derived and techniques to deal with the Muskat problem are discussed. Based on these, mathematical models for the dynamics of cracks in underground rocks and in-situ leaching are developed. Contents Introduction The Hele-Shaw problem A joint motion of two immiscible viscous fluids Mathematical models of in-situ leaching Dynamics of cracks in rocks Elements of continuum mechanics

This book is the second volume of proceedings of the 8th conference on "Finite Volumes for Complex Applications" (Lille, June 2017). It includes reviewed contributions reporting successful applications in the fields of fluid dynamics, computational geosciences, structural analysis, nuclear physics, semiconductor theory and other topics. The finite volume method in its various forms is a space discretization technique for partial differential equations based on the fundamental physical principle of conservation, and recent decades have brought significant advances in the theoretical understanding of the method. Many finite volume methods preserve further qualitative or asymptotic properties, including maximum principles, dissipativity, monotone decay of free energy, and asymptotic stability. Due to these properties, finite volume methods belong to the wider class of compatible discretization methods, which preserve qualitative properties of continuous problems at the discrete l evel. This structural approach to the discretization of partial differential equations becomes particularly important for multiphysics and multiscale applications. The book is useful for researchers, PhD and master's level students in numerical analysis, scientific computing and related fields such as partial differential equations, as well as for engineers working in numerical modeling and simulations.

Lectures on Geophysical Fluid Dynamics offers an introduction to several topics in theoretical geophysical fluid dynamics, including the theory of large-scale ocean circulation, geostrophic turbulence, and Hamiltonian fluid dynamics. The book is based on an introductory course in dynamical oceanography offered to first-year graduate students at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Each chapter is a self-contained introduction to its particular subject. Overall, the emphasis througout the book is on physical ideas rather than mathematical techniques. Readers are assumed to have had an elementary introduction to fluid dynamics, to know advanced calculus through partial differential equations, and to be familiar with the elementary ideas about linear waves, including the concept of group velocity.

In 2003 the German Research Foundation established a new priority programme on the subject of "Imaging Measurement Methods for Flow Analysis" (SPP 1147). This research programme was based on the fact that experimental ?ow analysis, in addition to theory and numerics, has always played a predominant part both in ?ow research and in other areas of industrial practice. At the time, however, c- parisons with numerical tools (such as Computational Fluid Dynamics), which were increasingly used in research and practical applications, soon made it clear that there are relatively few experimental procedures which can keep up with state-of-the-art numerical methods in respect of their informative value, e.g. with regard to visu- spatial analysis or the dynamics of ?ow ?elds. The priority programme "Imaging Measurement Methods for Flow Analysis" was to help close this development gap. Hence the project was to focus on the investigation of ef?cient measurement me- ods to analyse complex spatial ?ow ?elds. Speci?c cooperations with computer sciences and especially measurement physics were to advance ?ow measurement techniques to a widely renowned key technology, exceeding the classical ?elds of ?uid mechanics by a long chalk.

This edited book provides invited and reviewed contributions in mathematical, physical and experimental modelling and simulations in all fluid mechanics branches. Contributions explore the emerging and state-of-the-art tools in the field authored by well-established researchers to derive improved performance of modelling and simulations. Serving the multidisciplinary fluid mechanics community, this book aims to publish new research work that enhances the prediction and understanding of fluid mechanics and balances from academic theory to practical applications through modelling, numerical studies, algorithms and simulation. The book offers researchers, students and practitioners significant insights on modelling and simulations in fluid mechanics. It offers readers a range of academic contributions on fluid mechanics by researchers that have become leaders in their field. The research work presented in this book will add values to the existing literature in terms of what needs to be done better to direct modelling and simulations towards a growing and rapidly developing field.

The study of fluid dynamics focuses on the motions of liquids and gases and their interactions with solid bodies. Inviscid flow occurs when the effect of shear stresses on a fluid's motion is sufficiently small, as compared to other influences, so that they are considered negligible and can be ignored (hence having zero viscosity or being "inviscid"). A fluid is considered incompressible when the density of a liquid does not change or changes in such small amounts that its effects are canceled out when calculating the movement of liquid. Thus, an inviscid incompressible flow is a calculated flow that retains constant density and does not sustain a measurable amount stress. This represents most fluid dynamic situations encountered in the real world including flow through pipes and other vessels. The study of this kind of flow is an integral part of modern advanced fluid dynamics, which involves a great amount of fluid computations.

This course is offered at most engineering schools at the first year graduate level. Our very successful book by Ron Panton covers the same course from a different approach. With the combination of Panton and Marshall's books, we will have a book for every fluid dynamics course offered.

This book presents a snapshot of the state-of-art in the field of turbulence modeling, with an emphasis on numerical methods. Topics include direct numerical simulations, large eddy simulations, compressible turbulence, coherent structures, two-phase flow simulation and many more. It includes both theoretical contributions and experimental works, as well as chapters derived from keynote lectures, presented at the fourth Turbulence and Interactions Conference (TI 2015), which was held on June 11-14 in Cargese, Corsica, France. This multifaceted collection, which reflects the conferences emphasis on the interplay of theory, experiments and computing in the process of understanding and predicting the physics of complex flows and solving related engineering problems, offers a timely guide for students, researchers and professionals in the field of applied computational fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling and related areas.

This book is intended as a textbook for a first course in computational fluid dynamics and will be of interest to researchers and practitioners as well. It emphasizes fundamental concepts in developing, analyzing, and understanding numerical methods for the partial differential equations governing the physics of fluid flow. The linear convection and diffusion equations are used to illustrate concepts throughout. The chosen approach, in which the partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations, and finally to difference equations, gives the book its distinctiveness and provides a sound basis for a deep understanding of the fundamental concepts in computational fluid dynamics.

Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method: A Meshfree Particle Method for Fluid Dynamics begins by familiarizing the reader with basic theory that supports their journey through sections on advanced MPH methods. The unique insights that this method provides include fluid-structure interaction, non-Newtonian flow, and cavitation, making it relevant to a wide range of applications in the mechanical, structural, and nuclear industries, and in bioengineering. Co-authored by the originator of the MPS method, this book is the most authoritative guide available. It will be of great value to students, academics and researchers in industry.

This book presents experimental techniques in the field of aerodynamics, a discipline that is essential in numerous areas, such as the design of aerial and ground vehicles and engines, the production of energy, and understanding the wind resistance of buildings. Aerodynamics is not only concerned with improving the performance and comfort of vehicles, but also with reducing their environmental impact. The book provides updated information on the experimental and technical methods used by aerodynamicists, engineers and researchers. It describes the various types of wind tunnels - from subsonic to hypersonic - as well as the problems posed by their design and operation. The book also focuses on metrology, which has allowed us to gain a detailed understanding of the local properties of flows, and examines current developments toward creating a methodology combining experiments and numerical simulations: the computer-assisted wind tunnel. Lastly, it offers an overview of experimental aerodynamics based on a prospective vision of the discipline, and discusses potential futures challenges. The book can be used as a textbook for graduate courses in aerodynamics, typically offered to students of aerospace and mechanical engineering programs, and as a learning tool for professionals and engineers in the fields of aerodynamics, aeronautics and astronautics automobile.

This book examines blast waves-their methods of generation, their propagation in several dimensions through the real atmosphere and layered gases, and their interactions with simple structures-thereby providing a broad overview of the field. The intended audience has a basic knowledge of algebra and a good grasp of the concepts of conservation of mass and energy. The text includes an introduction to blast wave terminology and conservation laws, and there is a discussion of units and the importance of consistency. This new edition of Blast Waves has been thoroughly updated and includes two new chapters that cover numerical hydrodynamics and blast injury. Authored by an expert with over forty years of experience in the field of blast and shock, this book offers many lessons as well as a historical perspective on developments in the field.

This book is an introduction to a comprehensive and unified dynamic transition theory for dissipative systems and to applications of the theory to a range of problems in the nonlinear sciences. The main objectives of this book are to introduce a general principle of dynamic transitions for dissipative systems, to establish a systematic dynamic transition theory, and to explore the physical implications of applications of the theory to a range of problems in the nonlinear sciences. The basic philosophy of the theory is to search for a complete set of transition states, and the general principle states that dynamic transitions of all dissipative systems can be classified into three categories: continuous, catastrophic and random. The audience for this book includes advanced graduate students and researchers in mathematics and physics as well as in other related fields. This second edition introduces a unified theory for topological phase transitions, provides a first-principle approach to statistical and quantum physics, and offers a microscopic mechanism of quantum condensates (Bose-Einstein condensation, superfluidity, and superconductivity). Reviews of first edition: "The goals of this interesting book are to derive a general principle of dynamic transitions for dissipative systems and to establish a systematic dynamic transition theory for a wide range of problems in the nonlinear sciences. ... The intended audience for this book includes students and researchers working on nonlinear problems in physics, meteorology, oceanography, biology, chemistry, and the social sciences." (Carlo Bianca, Mathematical Reviews, December, 2014) "This is a clearly written book on numerous types of phase transitions taken in a broad sense when a dynamical dissipative system transforms from one physical state into another. ... The book is a very useful literature not only for the professionals in the field of dynamic systems and phase transitions but also for graduate students due to its interdisciplinary coverage and state-of-the-art level." (Vladimir Cadez, zbMATH, Vol. 1285, 2014)

The text provides in-depth knowledge about recent advances in solar collector system, photovoltaic system, role of thermal energy systems in buildings, phase change materials, geothermal energy, biofuels, thermal management systems for EV in social and industrial applications. It further aims toward the inclusion of innovation and implementation of strategies for CO2 emission reduction through the reduction of energy consumption using conventional sources. This book: Presents the latest advances in the field of thermal energy storage, solar energy development, geothermal energy, and hybrid energy applications for green development. Highlights the importance of innovation and implementation of strategies for CO2 emission reduction through the reduction of energy consumption using sustainable technologies and methods. Discusses design development, life cycle assessment, modeling, and simulation of thermal energy systems in detail. Synergize exploration related to the various properties and functionalities through extensive theoretical and numerical modeling present in the energy sector. Explores opportunities, challenges, future perspectives, and approaches toward gaining sustainability through renewable energy resources. The text discusses the fundamentals of thermal energy and its applications in a comprehensive manner. It further covers advancements in solar thermal, and photovoltaic systems. The text highlights the contribution of geothermal energy conversion systems to sustainable development. It showcases the design and optimization of ground source heat pumps for space conditioning and presents modeling and simulation of the thermal energy systems for design optimization. It will serve as an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields including mechanical engineering, environmental engineering, and energy engineering.

Leading experts present a unique, invaluable introduction to the study of the geometry and typology of fluid flows. From basic motions on curves and surfaces to the recent developments in knots and links, the reader is gradually led to explore the fascinating world of geometric and topological fluid mechanics. Geodesics and chaotic orbits, magnetic knots and vortex links, continual flows and singularities become alive with more than 160 figures and examples. In the opening article, H. K. Moffatt sets the pace, proposing eight outstanding problems for the 21st century. The book goes on to provide concepts and techniques for tackling these and many other interesting open problems.

Turbulence pervades our world, from weather patterns to the air entering our lungs. This book describes methods that reveal its structures and dynamics. Building on the existence of coherent structures - recurrent patterns - in turbulent flows, it describes mathematical methods that reduce the governing (Navier-Stokes) equations to simpler forms that can be understood more easily. This second edition contains a new chapter on the balanced proper orthogonal decomposition: a method derived from control theory that is especially useful for flows equipped with sensors and actuators. It also reviews relevant work carried out since 1995. The book is ideal for engineering, physical science and mathematics researchers working in fluid dynamics and other areas in which coherent patterns emerge.

This is a comprehensive biography of Ludwig Prandtl (1875-1953), the father of modern aerodynamics. His name is associated most famously with the boundary layer concept, but also with several other topics in 20th century fluid mechanics, particularly turbulence (Prandtl's mixing length). Among his disciples are pioneers of modern fluid mechanics such as Heinrich Blasius, Theodore von Karman and Walter Tollmien. Furthermore, Prandtl founded the Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt (AVA) and the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut fur Stroemungsforschung in Goettingen, both of them seeds for the growth of fluid mechanics in Germany. Yet Prandtl was also a representative of aeronautical research - from Imperial Germany via the Weimar Republic to the "Third Reich". Although not a party member, he assumed the role of a goodwill ambassador for Nazi Germany. This objective treatment of his career will be of interest to all scientists and historians wanting to learn more about Prandtl's influence and the early development of fluid- and aerodynamics.