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Books > Social sciences > Politics & government > Political control & freedoms > Human rights > Freedom of information & freedom of speech
The principles of freedom of expression have been developed over
centuries. How are they reserved and passed on? How can large
internet gatekeepers be required to respect freedom of expression
and to contribute actively to a diverse and plural marketplace of
ideas? These are key issues for media regulation, and will remain
so for the foreseeable decades. The book starts with the
foundations of freedom of expression and freedom of the press, and
then goes on to explore the general issues concerning the
regulation of the internet as a specific medium. It then turns to
analysing the legal issues relating to the three most important
gatekeepers whose operations directly affect freedom of expression:
ISPs, search engines and social media platforms. Finally it
summarises the potential future regulatory and media policy
directions. The book takes a comparative legal approach, focusing
primarily on English and American regulations, case law and
jurisprudential debates, but it also details the relevant
international developments (Council of Europe, European Union) as
well as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
The Free Speech Clause of the First Amendment prohibits the
government from "abridging the freedom of speech," but does not
define what that freedom entails. Chapter 1 provides a broad
overview of the main categories of protected and unprotected speech
in First Amendment jurisprudence. Chapter 2 examines the scope of
protection extended to freedom of speech in thirteen selected
countries. In particular, the chapter focuses on the limits of
protection that may apply to the right to interrupt or affect in
any other way public speech. It also addresses the availability of
mechanisms to control foreign broadcasters working on behalf of
foreign governments. Chapter 3 highlights the First Amendment and
examines those places where the right to free speech is being
stifled and sometimes even silenced by government. Chapter 4 begins
by outlining the current legal framework governing social media
sites' treatment of users' content, focusing on the First Amendment
and Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA).
Intellectual freedom is a complex concept that democracies and free
societies around the world define in different ways but always
strive to uphold. And ALA has long recognized the crucial role that
libraries play in protecting this right. But what does it mean in
practice? How do library workers handle the ethical conundrums that
often accompany the commitment to defending it? Rather than merely
laying out abstract policies and best practices, this important new
collection gathers real-world stories of intellectual freedom in
action to illuminate the difficulties, triumphs, and occasional
setbacks of advocating for free and equal access to information for
all people in a shifting landscape. Offering insight to LIS
students and current practitioners on how we can advance the
profession of librarianship while fighting censorship and other
challenges, these personal narratives explore such formidable
situations as: presenting drag queen story times in rural America;
a Black Lives Matter "die-in" at the undergraduate library of the
University of Wisconsin-Madison; combating censorship at a prison
library; hosting a moderated talk about threats to modern democracy
that included a neo-Nazi spokesman; a provocative exhibition that
triggered intimidating phone calls, emails, and a threat to burn
down an art library; calls to eliminate non-Indigenous children's
literature from the collection of a tribal college library; and
preserving patrons' right to privacy in the face of an FBI
subpoena. These stories provide a rich platform for debate and
introspection by sharing real-world examples that library staff,
administrators, board members, and students can consider and
discuss.
When we discuss constitutional law, we usually focus on the
constitutional rules that apply to what the government does. Far
less clear are the constitutional rules that apply to what the
government says. When does the speech of this unusually powerful
speaker violate our constitutional rights and liberties? More
specifically, when does the government's expression threaten
liberty or equality? And under what circumstances does the
Constitution prohibit our government from lying to us? In The
Government's Speech and the Constitution, Professor Helen Norton
investigates the variety and abundance of the government's speech,
from early proclamations and simple pamphlets, to the electronic
media of radio and television, and ultimately to today's digital
age. This enables us to understand how the government's speech has
changed the world for better and for worse, and why the
government's speech deserves our attention, and at times our
concern.
The principles of freedom of expression have been developed over
centuries. How are they reserved and passed on? How can large
internet gatekeepers be required to respect freedom of expression
and to contribute actively to a diverse and plural marketplace of
ideas? These are key issues for media regulation, and will remain
so for the foreseeable decades. The book starts with the
foundations of freedom of expression and freedom of the press, and
then goes on to explore the general issues concerning the
regulation of the internet as a specific medium. It then turns to
analysing the legal issues relating to the three most important
gatekeepers whose operations directly affect freedom of expression:
ISPs, search engines and social media platforms. Finally it
summarises the potential future regulatory and media policy
directions. The book takes a comparative legal approach, focusing
primarily on English and American regulations, case law and
jurisprudential debates, but it also details the relevant
international developments (Council of Europe, European Union) as
well as the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
Free Speech on America's K-12 and College Campuses: Legal Cases
from Barnette to Blaine covers the history of legal cases involving
free speech issues on K-12 and college campuses, mostly during the
fifty-year period from 1965 through 2015. While this book deals
mostly with high school and college newspapers, it also covers
religious issues (school prayer, distribution of religious
materials, and use of school facilities for voluntary Bible study),
speech codes, free speech zones, self-censorship due to political
correctness, hate speech, threats of disruption and violence, and
off-campus speech, including social media. Randall W. Bobbitt
provides a representative sampling of cases spread across the five
decades and across the subject areas listed above. Recommended for
scholars of communication, education, political science, and legal
studies.
Although nudity is something that everyone has experience with,
public nudity is still largely considered taboo. Public Nudity and
the Rhetoric of the Body examines instances of public nudity where
sexuality is at the forefront of public body display. It presents a
range of case studies: the legal aspects of sexualized public
nudity as it relates to communication theory and the First
Amendment; the controversies surrounding the work of photographer
Jock Sturges; the public performance art of Milo Moire; the topless
protests of FEMEN; the social media activism of Aliaa Magda
Elmahdy; the ritualized flashing during Mardi Gras in New Orleans;
and the sexual displays of Folsom Street Fair, the largest leather
pride festival. Taken together, these cases teach much about
identity, self-determination, and sexuality, and illustrate the
complicated rhetorical nature of the human body in the public
sphere.
This book examines the history of the legal discourse around
political falsehood and its future in the wake of the 2012 US
Supreme Court decision in US v. Alvarez through communication law,
political philosophy, and communication theory perspectives. As US
v. Alvarez confirmed First Amendment protection for lies, Robert N.
Spicer addresses how the ramifications of that decision function by
looking at statutory and judicial handling of First Amendment
protection for political deception. Illustrating how commercial
speech is regulated but political speech is not, Spicer evaluates
the role of deception in politics and its consequences for
democracy in a contemporary political environment where political
personalities, partisan media, and dark money donors bend the truth
and abuse the virtue of free expression.
This book analyzes narratives on Donald Trump's 2016 presidential
election victory by and for diverse populations. The narratives are
designed to help students, women, young Christians, evangelicals,
parents of internationally adopted children, white nationalists,
etc. understand the meaning and possible consequences of Trump's
election, as well as to give voice to the responses and concerns of
populations directly affected by Trump's election. Recommended for
scholars interested in political communication, rhetoric, cultural
studies, sociology, and media studies.
In 1994, artistic freedom pertaining inter alia to literature was
enshrined in the South African Constitution. Clearly, the
establishment of this right was long overdue compared to other
nations within the Commonwealth. Indeed, the legal framework and
practices regarding the regulation of literature that were
introduced following the nation's transition to a non-racial
democracy seemed to form a decisive turning point in the history of
South African censorship of literature. This study employs a
historical sociological point of view to describe how the nation's
emerging literary field helped pave the way for the constitutional
entrenchment of this right in 1994. On the basis of institutional
and poetological analyses of all the legal trials concerning
literature that were held in South Africa during the period
1910-2010, it describes how the battles fought in and around the
courts between literary, judicial and executive elites eventually
led to a constitutional exceptio artis for literature. As the South
African judiciary displayed an ongoing orientation towards both
English and American law in this period, the analyses are firmly
placed in the context of developments occurring concurrently in
these two legal systems.
When Breeze FM Radio, in the provincial Zambian town of Chipata,
hired an elderly retired school teacher in 2003, no one anticipated
the skyrocketing success that would follow. A self-styled
grandfather on air, Gogo Breeze seeks intimacy over the airwaves
and dispenses advice on a wide variety of grievances and
transgressions. Multiple voices are broadcast and juxtaposed
through call-ins and dialogue, but free speech finds its ally in
the radio elder who, by allowing people to be heard and supporting
their claims, reminds authorities of their obligations toward the
disaffected. Harri Englund provides a masterfully detailed study of
this popular radio personality that addresses broad questions of
free speech in Zambia and beyond. By drawing on ethnographic
insights into political communication, Englund presents multivocal
morality as an alternative to dominant Euro-American perspectives,
displacing the simplistic notion of voice as individual personal
property an idea common in both policy and activist rhetoric.
Instead, Englund focuses on the creativity and polyphony of Zambian
radio while raising important questions about hierarchy, elderhood,
and ethics in the public sphere. A lively, engaging portrait of an
extraordinary personality, Gogo Breeze will interest Africanists,
scholars of radio and mass media, and anyone interested in the
history and future of free speech.
This book examines how freedom of speech is reflected in pop
culture by looking at numerous examples of films, websites,
television shows, and songs that have touched on—and
impacted—this issue. It is easy to overlook the importance of
freedom of speech in our modern world, where it often seems
"anything goes." In actuality, freedom of speech issues are still
highly relevant in the 21st century, even if our cultural and
social contexts now allow many forms of expression that were
unacceptable in previous eras. This book focuses on how freedom of
speech is reflected in pop culture by looking at the films,
websites, television shows, and songs that have touched on—and
impacted—this issue. It examines specific examples of freedom of
speech issues within everything from print media to music, theater,
photography, film, television, sports, video games, and social
media and demonstrates that pop culture sometimes contributes to
the expansion of freedom of speech.
Pauli Murray (1910-1985) played pivotal roles in both the modern
civil rights and women's movements. In the 1950s, her legal
scholarship helped Thurgood Marshall to shift his course and attack
segregation frontally in Brown v. Board of Education. In the 1960s,
Murray persuaded Betty Friedan to help her found an NAACP for
women, which Friedan named NOW. In the early 1970s, Murray provided
Ruth Bader Ginsburg with the argument Ginsburg used to persuade the
Supreme Court that the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution
protects not only blacks but also women - and potentially other
minority groups - from discrimination. A mixed-race orphan, Murray
grew up in the segregated schools of North Craolina, before
escaping to New York, where she attended Hunter College and became
a labor activist in the 1930s. Applying to graduate school at the
University of North Carolina, where her white
great-great-grandfather had been a trustee, she was rejected on
account of her race. Deciding to become a lawyer, she graduated
first in her class at Howard Law School, only to be rejected for
graduate study at Harvard University on account of her sex.
Undaunted, Murray forged a singular career in the law, directly
impacting one of the landmark Supreme Court cases. Appointed by
Eleanor Rossevelt to the President's Commission on the Status of
Women in 1962, she advanced the idea of Jane Crow, arguing that the
same reasons used to attack race discrimination could be used to
battle gender discrimination. In 1965, she becanme the first black
person to earn a JSD from Yale Law School and the follow year
persuaded Betty Friedan to found what became the nation's most
famous feminist organization. Most importantly, her concept of Jane
Crow propelled Ginsberg to her first Supreme Court victory for
women's rights. By that time, Murray was a tenured history
professor at Brandeis, a position she left to become the first
woman ordained a priest by the Episcopal Church in 1976. Murray
accomplished all of this as someone who would today be identified
as transgender but who, at a time when no social movement existed
to support this identity, focused her attention on systematic
attacks on arbitrary distinctions of all sorts, transforming the
idea of what equality means.
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