The book contains recent developments and contemporary research in mathematical analysis and in its application to problems arising from the biological and physical sciences. The book is of interest to readers who wish to learn of new research in such topics as linear and nonlinear analysis, mathematical biology and ecology, dynamical systems, graph theory, variational analysis and inequalities, functional analysis, differential and difference equations, partial differential equations, approximation theory, and chaos. All papers were prepared by participants at the International Conference on Recent Advances in Mathematical Biology, Analysis and Applications (ICMBAA-2015) held during 4-6 June 2015 in Aligarh, India. A focal theme of the conference was the application of mathematics to the biological sciences and on current research in areas of theoretical mathematical analysis that can be used as sophisticated tools for the study of scientific problems. The conference provided researchers, academicians and engineers with a platform that encouraged them to exchange their innovative ideas in mathematical analysis and its applications as well as to form interdisciplinary collaborations. The content of the book is divided into three parts: Part I contains contributions from participants whose topics are related to nonlinear dynamics and its applications in biological sciences. Part II has contributions which concern topics on nonlinear analysis and its applications to a variety of problems in science, engineering and industry. Part III consists of contributions dealing with some problems in applied analysis.

This book offers an essential introduction to the mathematical theory of compressible viscous fluids. The main goal is to present analytical methods from the perspective of their numerical applications. Accordingly, we introduce the principal theoretical tools needed to handle well-posedness of the underlying Navier-Stokes system, study the problems of sequential stability, and, lastly, construct solutions by means of an implicit numerical scheme. Offering a unique contribution - by exploring in detail the "synergy" of analytical and numerical methods - the book offers a valuable resource for graduate students in mathematics and researchers working in mathematical fluid mechanics. Mathematical fluid mechanics concerns problems that are closely connected to real-world applications and is also an important part of the theory of partial differential equations and numerical analysis in general. This book highlights the fact that numerical and mathematical analysis are not two separate fields of mathematics. It will help graduate students and researchers to not only better understand problems in mathematical compressible fluid mechanics but also to learn something from the field of mathematical and numerical analysis and to see the connections between the two worlds. Potential readers should possess a good command of the basic tools of functional analysis and partial differential equations including the function spaces of Sobolev type.

A sweeping exploration of the development and far-reaching applications of harmonic analysis such as signal processing, digital music, Fourier optics, radio astronomy, crystallography, medical imaging, spectroscopy, and more. Featuring a wealth of illustrations, examples, and material not found in other harmonic analysis books, this unique monograph skillfully blends together historical narrative with scientific exposition to create a comprehensive yet accessible work. While only an understanding of calculus is required to appreciate it, there are more technical sections that will charm even specialists in harmonic analysis. From undergraduates to professional scientists, engineers, and mathematicians, there is something for everyone here. The second edition of The Evolution of Applied Harmonic Analysis contains a new chapter on atmospheric physics and climate change, making it more relevant for today's audience. Praise for the first edition: "...can be thoroughly recommended to any reader who is curious about the physical world and the intellectual underpinnings that have lead to our expanding understanding of our physical environment and to our halting steps to control it. Everyone who uses instruments that are based on harmonic analysis will benefit from the clear verbal descriptions that are supplied." - R.N. Bracewell, Stanford University "The book under review is a unique and splendid telling of the triumphs of the fast Fourier transform. I can recommend it unconditionally... Elena Prestini... has taken one major mathematical idea, that of Fourier analysis, and chased down and described a half dozen varied areas in which Fourier analysis and the FFT are now in place. Her book is much to be applauded." - Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics "This is not simply a book about mathematics, or even the history of mathematics; it is a story about how the discipline has been applied (to borrow Fourier's expression) to 'the public good and the explanation of natural phenomena.' ... This book constitutes a significant addition to the library of popular mathematical works, and a valuable resource for students of mathematics." - Mathematical Association of America Reviews

Presenting the collaborations of over thirty international experts in the latest developments in pure and applied mathematics, this volume serves as an anthology of research with a common basis in algebra, functional analysis and their applications. Special attention is devoted to non-commutative algebras, non-associative algebras, operator theory and ring and module theory. These themes are relevant in research and development in coding theory, cryptography and quantum mechanics. The topics in this volume were presented at the Workshop on Non-Associative & Non-Commutative Algebra and Operator Theory, held May 23-25, 2014 at Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, Senegal in honor of Professor Amin Kaidi. The workshop was hosted by the university's Laboratory of Algebra, Cryptology, Algebraic Geometry and Applications, in cooperation with the University of Almeria and the University of Malaga. Dr. Kaidi's work focuses on non-associative rings and algebras, operator theory and functional analysis, and he has served as a mentor to a generation of mathematicians in Senegal and around the world.

The book is devoted to dynamic inequalities of Hardy type and extensions and generalizations via convexity on a time scale T. In particular, the book contains the time scale versions of classical Hardy type inequalities, Hardy and Littlewood type inequalities, Hardy-Knopp type inequalities via convexity, Copson type inequalities, Copson-Beesack type inequalities, Liendeler type inequalities, Levinson type inequalities and Pachpatte type inequalities, Bennett type inequalities, Chan type inequalities, and Hardy type inequalities with two different weight functions. These dynamic inequalities contain the classical continuous and discrete inequalities as special cases when T = R and T = N and can be extended to different types of inequalities on different time scales such as T = hN, h > 0, T = qN for q > 1, etc.In this book the authors followed the history and development of these inequalities. Each section in self-contained and one can see the relationship between the time scale versions of the inequalities and the classical ones. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first book devoted to Hardy-typeinequalities and their extensions on time scales.

This book is a comprehensive study of the Radon transform, which operates on a function by integrating it over hyperplanes. The book begins with an elementary and graphical introduction to the Radon transform, tomography and CT scanners, followed by a rigorous development of the basic properties of the Radon transform. Next the author introduces Grassmann manifolds in the study of the k-plane transform (a version of the Radon transform) which integrates over k-dimensional planes rather than hyperplanes. The remaining chapters are concerned with more advanced topics, such as the attenuated Radon transform and generalized Radon transforms defined by duality of homogeneous spaces and double fibrations. Questions of invertibility and the range of the Radon transform are dealt with and inversion formulas are developed with particular attention to functions on L2 spaces and some discussion of the case of Lp spaces.

This book offers an account of the classical theory of quadratic residues and non-residues with the goal of using that theory as a lens through which to view the development of some of the fundamental methods employed in modern elementary, algebraic, and analytic number theory. The first three chapters present some basic facts and the history of quadratic residues and non-residues and discuss various proofs of the Law of Quadratic Reciprosity in depth, with an emphasis on the six proofs that Gauss published. The remaining seven chapters explore some interesting applications of the Law of Quadratic Reciprocity, prove some results concerning the distribution and arithmetic structure of quadratic residues and non-residues, provide a detailed proof of Dirichlet's Class-Number Formula, and discuss the question of whether quadratic residues are randomly distributed. The text is a valuable resource for graduate and advanced undergraduate students as well as for mathematicians interested in number theory.

This book gives a complete classification of all algebras with the Kadison-Singer property, when restricting to separable Hilbert spaces. The Kadison-Singer property deals with the following question: given a Hilbert space H and an abelian unital C*-subalgebra A of B(H), does every pure state on A extend uniquely to a pure state on B(H)? This question has deep connections to fundamental aspects of quantum physics, as is explained in the foreword by Klaas Landsman. The book starts with an accessible introduction to the concept of states and continues with a detailed proof of the classification of maximal Abelian von Neumann algebras, a very explicit construction of the Stone-Cech compactification and an account of the recent proof of the Kadison-Singer problem. At the end accessible appendices provide the necessary background material. This elementary account of the Kadison-Singer conjecture is very well-suited for graduate students interested in operator algebras and states, researchers who are non-specialists of the field, and/or interested in fundamental quantum physics.

This book explains the state of the art in the use of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of musical structures such as rhythms or scales. In particular the author explains the DFT of pitch-class distributions, homometry and the phase retrieval problem, nil Fourier coefficients and tilings, saliency, extrapolation to the continuous Fourier transform and continuous spaces, and the meaning of the phases of Fourier coefficients. This is the first textbook dedicated to this subject, and with supporting examples and exercises this is suitable for researchers and advanced undergraduate and graduate students of music, computer science and engineering. The author has made online supplementary material available, and the book is also suitable for practitioners who want to learn about techniques for understanding musical notions and who want to gain musical insights into mathematical problems.

Examining the basic principles in real analysis and their applications, this text provides a self-contained resource for graduate and advanced undergraduate courses. It contains independent chapters aimed at various fields of application, enhanced by highly advanced graphics and results explained and supplemented with practical and theoretical exercises. The presentation of the book is meant to provide natural connections to classical fields of applications such as Fourier analysis or statistics. However, the book also covers modern areas of research, including new and seminal results in the area of functional analysis.

This monograph provides the theoretical foundations needed for the construction of fundamental solutions and fundamental matrices of (systems of) linear partial differential equations. Many illustrative examples also show techniques for finding such solutions in terms of integrals. Particular attention is given to developing the fundamentals of distribution theory, accompanied by calculations of fundamental solutions. The main part of the book deals with existence theorems and uniqueness criteria, the method of parameter integration, the investigation of quasihyperbolic systems by means of Fourier and Laplace transforms, and the representation of fundamental solutions of homogeneous elliptic operators with the help of Abelian integrals. In addition to rigorous distributional derivations and verifications of fundamental solutions, the book also shows how to construct fundamental solutions (matrices) of many physically relevant operators (systems), in elasticity, thermoelasticity, hexagonal/cubic elastodynamics, for Maxwell's system and others. The book mainly addresses researchers and lecturers who work with partial differential equations. However, it also offers a valuable resource for students with a solid background in vector calculus, complex analysis and functional analysis.

Starting with a simple formulation accessible to all mathematicians, this second edition is designed to provide a thorough introduction to nonstandard analysis. Nonstandard analysis is now a well-developed, powerful instrument for solving open problems in almost all disciplines of mathematics; it is often used as a 'secret weapon' by those who know the technique. This book illuminates the subject with some of the most striking applications in analysis, topology, functional analysis, probability and stochastic analysis, as well as applications in economics and combinatorial number theory. The first chapter is designed to facilitate the beginner in learning this technique by starting with calculus and basic real analysis. The second chapter provides the reader with the most important tools of nonstandard analysis: the transfer principle, Keisler's internal definition principle, the spill-over principle, and saturation. The remaining chapters of the book study different fields for applications; each begins with a gentle introduction before then exploring solutions to open problems. All chapters within this second edition have been reworked and updated, with several completely new chapters on compactifications and number theory. Nonstandard Analysis for the Working Mathematician will be accessible to both experts and non-experts, and will ultimately provide many new and helpful insights into the enterprise of mathematics.

The book systematically presents the theories of pseudo-differential operators with symbols singular in dual variables, fractional order derivatives, distributed and variable order fractional derivatives, random walk approximants, and applications of these theories to various initial and multi-point boundary value problems for pseudo-differential equations. Fractional Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations associated with a large class of stochastic processes are presented. A complex version of the theory of pseudo-differential operators with meromorphic symbols based on the recently introduced complex Fourier transform is developed and applied for initial and boundary value problems for systems of complex differential and pseudo-differential equations.

This is the second, completely revised and expanded edition of the author's first book, covering numerous new topics and recent developments in ultrametric summability theory. Ultrametric analysis has emerged as an important branch of mathematics in recent years. This book presents a brief survey of the research to date in ultrametric summability theory, which is a fusion of a classical branch of mathematics (summability theory) with a modern branch of analysis (ultrametric analysis). Several mathematicians have contributed to summability theory as well as functional analysis. The book will appeal to both young researchers and more experienced mathematicians who are looking to explore new areas in analysis. The book is also useful as a text for those who wish to specialize in ultrametric summability theory.

This book discusses recent developments in semigroup theory and its applications in areas such as operator algebras, operator approximations and category theory. All contributing authors are eminent researchers in their respective fields, from across the world. Their papers, presented at the 2014 International Conference on Semigroups, Algebras and Operator Theory in Cochin, India, focus on recent developments in semigroup theory and operator algebras. They highlight current research activities on the structure theory of semigroups as well as the role of semigroup theoretic approaches to other areas such as rings and algebras. The deliberations and discussions at the conference point to future research directions in these areas. This book presents 16 unpublished, high-quality and peer-reviewed research papers on areas such as structure theory of semigroups, decidability vs. undecidability of word problems, regular von Neumann algebras, operator theory and operator approximations. Interested researchers will find several avenues for exploring the connections between semigroup theory and the theory of operator algebras.

This volume consists of contributions spanning a wide spectrum of harmonic analysis and its applications written by speakers at the February Fourier Talks from 2002 - 2013. Containing cutting-edge results by an impressive array of mathematicians, engineers, and scientists in academia, industry, and government, it will be an excellent reference for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in pure and applied mathematics, physics, and engineering. Topics covered include * spectral analysis and correlation; * radar and communications: design, theory, and applications; * sparsity * special topics in harmonic analysis. The February Fourier Talks are held annually at the Norbert Wiener Center for Harmonic Analysis and Applications. Located at the University of Maryland, College Park, the Norbert Wiener Center provides a state-of- the-art research venue for the broad emerging area of mathematical engineering.

The contributions in this volume aim to deepen understanding of some of the current research problems and theories in modern topics such as calculus of variations, optimization theory, complex analysis, real analysis, differential equations, and geometry. Applications to these areas of mathematics are presented within the broad spectrum of research in Engineering Science with particular emphasis on equilibrium problems, complexity in numerical optimization, dynamical systems, non-smooth optimization, complex network analysis, statistical models and data mining, and energy systems. Additional emphasis is given to interdisciplinary research, although subjects are treated in a unified and self-contained manner. The presentation of methods, theory and applications makes this tribute an invaluable reference for teachers, researchers, and other professionals interested in pure and applied research, philosophy of mathematics, and mathematics education. Some review papers published in this volume will be particularly useful for a broader audience of readers as well as for graduate students who search for the latest information. Constantin Caratheodory's wide-ranging influence in the international mathematical community was seen during the first Fields Medals awards at the International Congress of Mathematicians, Oslo, 1936. Two medals were awarded, one to Lars V. Ahlfors and one to Jesse Douglass. It was Caratheodory who presented both their works during the opening of the International Congress. This volume contains significant papers in Science and Engineering dedicated to the memory of Constantin Caratheodory and the spirit of his mathematical influence.

The theoretical part of this monograph examines the distribution of the spectrum of operator polynomials, focusing on quadratic operator polynomials with discrete spectra. The second part is devoted to applications. Standard spectral problems in Hilbert spaces are of the form A- I for an operator A, and self-adjoint operators are of particular interest and importance, both theoretically and in terms of applications. A characteristic feature of self-adjoint operators is that their spectra are real, and many spectral problems in theoretical physics and engineering can be described by using them. However, a large class of problems, in particular vibration problems with boundary conditions depending on the spectral parameter, are represented by operator polynomials that are quadratic in the eigenvalue parameter and whose coefficients are self-adjoint operators. The spectra of such operator polynomials are in general no more real, but still exhibit certain patterns. The distribution of these spectra is the main focus of the present volume. For some classes of quadratic operator polynomials, inverse problems are also considered. The connection between the spectra of such quadratic operator polynomials and generalized Hermite-Biehler functions is discussed in detail. Many applications are thoroughly investigated, such as the Regge problem and damped vibrations of smooth strings, Stieltjes strings, beams, star graphs of strings and quantum graphs. Some chapters summarize advanced background material, which is supplemented with detailed proofs. With regard to the reader's background knowledge, only the basic properties of operators in Hilbert spaces and well-known results from complex analysis are assumed.

The second edition of this textbook presents the basic mathematical knowledge and skills that are needed for courses on modern theoretical physics, such as those on quantum mechanics, classical and quantum field theory, and related areas. The authors stress that learning mathematical physics is not a passive process and include numerous detailed proofs, examples, and over 200 exercises, as well as hints linking mathematical concepts and results to the relevant physical concepts and theories. All of the material from the first edition has been updated, and five new chapters have been added on such topics as distributions, Hilbert space operators, and variational methods. The text is divided into three parts: - Part I: A brief introduction to (Schwartz) distribution theory. Elements from the theories of ultra distributions and (Fourier) hyperfunctions are given in addition to some deeper results for Schwartz distributions, thus providing a rather comprehensive introduction to the theory of generalized functions. Basic properties and methods for distributions are developed with applications to constant coefficient ODEs and PDEs. The relation between distributions and holomorphic functions is considered, as well as basic properties of Sobolev spaces. - Part II: Fundamental facts about Hilbert spaces. The basic theory of linear (bounded and unbounded) operators in Hilbert spaces and special classes of linear operators - compact, Hilbert-Schmidt, trace class, and Schroedinger operators, as needed in quantum physics and quantum information theory - are explored. This section also contains a detailed spectral analysis of all major classes of linear operators, including completeness of generalized eigenfunctions, as well as of (completely) positive mappings, in particular quantum operations. - Part III: Direct methods of the calculus of variations and their applications to boundary- and eigenvalue-problems for linear and nonlinear partial differential operators. The authors conclude with a discussion of the Hohenberg-Kohn variational principle. The appendices contain proofs of more general and deeper results, including completions, basic facts about metrizable Hausdorff locally convex topological vector spaces, Baire's fundamental results and their main consequences, and bilinear functionals. Mathematical Methods in Physics is aimed at a broad community of graduate students in mathematics, mathematical physics, quantum information theory, physics and engineering, as well as researchers in these disciplines. Expanded content and relevant updates will make this new edition a valuable resource for those working in these disciplines.

This monograph provides a concise introduction to the main results and methods of the fixed point theory in modular function spaces. Modular function spaces are natural generalizations of both function and sequence variants of many important spaces like Lebesgue, Orlicz, Musielak-Orlicz, Lorentz, Orlicz-Lorentz, Calderon-Lozanovskii spaces, and others. In most cases, particularly in applications to integral operators, approximation and fixed point results, modular type conditions are much more natural and can be more easily verified than their metric or norm counterparts. There are also important results that can be proved only using the apparatus of modular function spaces. The material is presented in a systematic and rigorous manner that allows readers to grasp the key ideas and to gain a working knowledge of the theory. Despite the fact that the work is largely self-contained, extensive bibliographic references are included, and open problems and further development directions are suggested when applicable. The monograph is targeted mainly at the mathematical research community but it is also accessible to graduate students interested in functional analysis and its applications. It could also serve as a text for an advanced course in fixed point theory of mappings acting in modular function spaces.

This textbook for courses on function data analysis and shape data analysis describes how to define, compare, and mathematically represent shapes, with a focus on statistical modeling and inference. It is aimed at graduate students in analysis in statistics, engineering, applied mathematics, neuroscience, biology, bioinformatics, and other related areas. The interdisciplinary nature of the broad range of ideas covered-from introductory theory to algorithmic implementations and some statistical case studies-is meant to familiarize graduate students with an array of tools that are relevant in developing computational solutions for shape and related analyses. These tools, gleaned from geometry, algebra, statistics, and computational science, are traditionally scattered across different courses, departments, and disciplines; Functional and Shape Data Analysis offers a unified, comprehensive solution by integrating the registration problem into shape analysis, better preparing graduate students for handling future scientific challenges. Recently, a data-driven and application-oriented focus on shape analysis has been trending. This text offers a self-contained treatment of this new generation of methods in shape analysis of curves. Its main focus is shape analysis of functions and curves-in one, two, and higher dimensions-both closed and open. It develops elegant Riemannian frameworks that provide both quantification of shape differences and registration of curves at the same time. Additionally, these methods are used for statistically summarizing given curve data, performing dimension reduction, and modeling observed variability. It is recommended that the reader have a background in calculus, linear algebra, numerical analysis, and computation.

This book deals with the study of sequence spaces, matrix transformations, measures of noncompactness and their various applications. The notion of measure of noncompactness is one of the most useful ones available and has many applications. The book discusses some of the existence results for various types of differential and integral equations with the help of measures of noncompactness; in particular, the Hausdorff measure of noncompactness has been applied to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for matrix operators between BK spaces to be compact operators. The book consists of eight self-contained chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the theory of FK spaces and Chapter 2 various duals of sequence spaces, which are used to characterize the matrix classes between these sequence spaces (FK and BK spaces) in Chapters 3 and 4. Chapter 5 studies the notion of a measure of noncompactness and its properties. The techniques associated with measures of noncompactness are applied to characterize the compact matrix operators in Chapters 6. In Chapters 7 and 8, some of the existence results are discussed for various types of differential and integral equations, which are obtained with the help of argumentations based on compactness conditions.

This is a monograph devoted to recent research and results on dynamic inequalities on time scales. The study of dynamic inequalities on time scales has been covered extensively in the literature in recent years and has now become a major sub-field in pure and applied mathematics. In particular, this book will cover recent results on integral inequalities, including Young's inequality, Jensen's inequality, Holder's inequality, Minkowski's inequality, Steffensen's inequality, Hermite-Hadamard inequality and Cebysv's inequality. Opial type inequalities on time scales and their extensions with weighted functions, Lyapunov type inequalities, Halanay type inequalities for dynamic equations on time scales, and Wirtinger type inequalities on time scales and their extensions will also be discussed here in detail.

The study of geometric discrepancy, which provides a framework for quantifying the quality of a distribution of a finite set of points, has experienced significant growth in recent decades. This book provides a self-contained course in number theory, Fourier analysis and geometric discrepancy theory, and the relations between them, at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level. It starts as a traditional course in elementary number theory, and introduces the reader to subsequent material on uniform distribution of infinite sequences, and discrepancy of finite sequences. Both modern and classical aspects of the theory are discussed, such as Weyl's criterion, Benford's law, the Koksma Hlawka inequality, lattice point problems, and irregularities of distribution for convex bodies. Fourier analysis also features prominently, for which the theory is developed in parallel, including topics such as convergence of Fourier series, one-sided trigonometric approximation, the Poisson summation formula, exponential sums, decay of Fourier transforms, and Bessel functions."

The study of geometric discrepancy, which provides a framework for quantifying the quality of a distribution of a finite set of points, has experienced significant growth in recent decades. This book provides a self-contained course in number theory, Fourier analysis and geometric discrepancy theory, and the relations between them, at the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level. It starts as a traditional course in elementary number theory, and introduces the reader to subsequent material on uniform distribution of infinite sequences, and discrepancy of finite sequences. Both modern and classical aspects of the theory are discussed, such as Weyl's criterion, Benford's law, the Koksma Hlawka inequality, lattice point problems, and irregularities of distribution for convex bodies. Fourier analysis also features prominently, for which the theory is developed in parallel, including topics such as convergence of Fourier series, one-sided trigonometric approximation, the Poisson summation formula, exponential sums, decay of Fourier transforms, and Bessel functions."