This monograph presents a comprehensive, self-contained, and novel approach to the Divergence Theorem through five progressive volumes. Its ultimate aim is to develop tools in Real and Harmonic Analysis, of geometric measure theoretic flavor, capable of treating a broad spectrum of boundary value problems formulated in rather general geometric and analytic settings. The text is intended for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals interested in applications of harmonic analysis and geometric measure theory to complex analysis, scattering, and partial differential equations. Volume I establishes a sharp version of the Divergence Theorem (aka Fundamental Theorem of Calculus) which allows for an inclusive class of vector fields whose boundary trace is only assumed to exist in a nontangential pointwise sense.

This book presents a systematic treatment of the Rademacher system, one of the most important unifying concepts in mathematics, and includes a number of recent important and beautiful results related to the Rademacher functions. The book discusses the relationship between the properties of the Rademacher system and geometry of some function spaces. It consists of three parts, in which this system is considered respectively in Lp-spaces, in general symmetric spaces and in certain classes of non-symmetric spaces (BMO, Paley, Cesaro, Morrey). The presentation is clear and transparent, providing all main results with detailed proofs. Moreover, literary and historical comments are given at the end of each chapter. This book will be suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in functional analysis, theory of functions and geometry of Banach spaces.

This book presents a systematic study of multivariate wavelet frames with matrix dilation, in particular, orthogonal and bi-orthogonal bases, which are a special case of frames. Further, it provides algorithmic methods for the construction of dual and tight wavelet frames with a desirable approximation order, namely compactly supported wavelet frames, which are commonly required by engineers. It particularly focuses on methods of constructing them. Wavelet bases and frames are actively used in numerous applications such as audio and graphic signal processing, compression and transmission of information. They are especially useful in image recovery from incomplete observed data due to the redundancy of frame systems. The construction of multivariate wavelet frames, especially bases, with desirable properties remains a challenging problem as although a general scheme of construction is well known, its practical implementation in the multidimensional setting is difficult. Another important feature of wavelet is symmetry. Different kinds of wavelet symmetry are required in various applications, since they preserve linear phase properties and also allow symmetric boundary conditions in wavelet algorithms, which normally deliver better performance. The authors discuss how to provide H-symmetry, where H is an arbitrary symmetry group, for wavelet bases and frames. The book also studies so-called frame-like wavelet systems, which preserve many important properties of frames and can often be used in their place, as well as their approximation properties. The matrix method of computing the regularity of refinable function from the univariate case is extended to multivariate refinement equations with arbitrary dilation matrices. This makes it possible to find the exact values of the Hoelder exponent of refinable functions and to make a very refine analysis of their moduli of continuity.

This book is the continuation of the "Theory of Function Spaces" trilogy, published by the same author in this series and now part of classic literature in the area of function spaces. It can be regarded as a supplement to these volumes and as an accompanying book to the textbook by D.D. Haroske and the author "Distributions, Sobolev spaces, elliptic equations".

This book is the proceeding of the International Workshop on Operator Theory and Applications (IWOTA) held in July 2018 in Shanghai, China. It consists of original papers, surveys and expository articles in the broad areas of operator theory, operator algebras and noncommutative topology. Its goal is to give graduate students and researchers a relatively comprehensive overview of the current status of research in the relevant fields. The book is also a special volume dedicated to the memory of Ronald G. Douglas who passed away on February 27, 2018 at the age of 79. Many of the contributors are Douglas' students and past collaborators. Their articles attest and commemorate his life-long contribution and influence to these fields.

This book offers a modern way of dealing with the problems of equilibrium states of Bose systems. Starting with the variation principle of statistical mechanics and the energy-entropy balance principle as equilibrium criteria, results for general boson systems and models are explicitly derived using simple functional analytic calculus.

Bridging the gap between general theoretical physics and the phenomenological research in the field of Bose systems, this book provides an insight into the fascinating quantum world of bosons. Key topics include the occurrence of BEC and its intimate structural relation with the phenomena of spontaneous symmetry breaking and off-diagonal long range order; the condensate equation; the issue concerning the choice of boundary conditions; solvable versus non-solvable boson models; the set of quasi-free boson states; the role of dissipative perturbations; and the surprising but general relation between general quantum fluctuations and boson systems.

Only some knowledge of quantum mechanics and undergraduate algebra and analysis is assumed. This textbook brings students and researchers smoothly from general concepts to vivid applications.

'Et moi .... si j'avait su comment en revenir. One service mathematics has rendered the human race. It has put common sense back je n'y serais point aUe.' it belongs. on the topmost shelf next Jules Verne where to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non. The series is divergent: therefore we may be sense'. Eric T. Bell able to do something with it. o. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series."

This book explores and highlights the fertile interaction between logic and operator algebras, which in recent years has led to the resolution of several long-standing open problems on C*-algebras. The interplay between logic and operator algebras (C*-algebras, in particular) is relatively young and the author is at the forefront of this interaction. The deep level of scholarship contained in these pages is evident and opens doors to operator algebraists interested in learning about the set-theoretic methods relevant to their field, as well as to set-theorists interested in expanding their view to the non-commutative realm of operator algebras. Enough background is included from both subjects to make the book a convenient, self-contained source for students. A fair number of the exercises form an integral part of the text. They are chosen to widen and deepen the material from the corresponding chapters. Some other exercises serve as a warmup for the latter chapters.

Over the past 25 years, Carleman estimates have become an essential tool in several areas related to partial differential equations such as control theory, inverse problems, or fluid mechanics. This book provides a detailed exposition of the basic techniques of Carleman Inequalities, driven by applications to various questions of unique continuation. Beginning with an elementary introduction to the topic, including examples accessible to readers without prior knowledge of advanced mathematics, the book's first five chapters contain a thorough exposition of the most classical results, such as Calderon's and Hoermander's theorems. Later chapters explore a selection of results of the last four decades around the themes of continuation for elliptic equations, with the Jerison-Kenig estimates for strong unique continuation, counterexamples to Cauchy uniqueness of Cohen and Alinhac & Baouendi, operators with partially analytic coefficients with intermediate results between Holmgren's and Hoermander's uniqueness theorems, Wolff's modification of Carleman's method, conditional pseudo-convexity, and more. With examples and special cases motivating the general theory, as well as appendices on mathematical background, this monograph provides an accessible, self-contained basic reference on the subject, including a selection of the developments of the past thirty years in unique continuation.

This book presents a thorough discussion of the theory of abstract inverse linear problems on Hilbert space. Given an unknown vector f in a Hilbert space H, a linear operator A acting on H, and a vector g in H satisfying Af=g, one is interested in approximating f by finite linear combinations of g, Ag, A2g, A3g, ... The closed subspace generated by the latter vectors is called the Krylov subspace of H generated by g and A. The possibility of solving this inverse problem by means of projection methods on the Krylov subspace is the main focus of this text. After giving a broad introduction to the subject, examples and counterexamples of Krylov-solvable and non-solvable inverse problems are provided, together with results on uniqueness of solutions, classes of operators inducing Krylov-solvable inverse problems, and the behaviour of Krylov subspaces under small perturbations. An appendix collects material on weaker convergence phenomena in general projection methods. This subject of this book lies at the boundary of functional analysis/operator theory and numerical analysis/approximation theory and will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in any of these fields.

The objective of this book is to construct a rigorous mathematical approach to linear hereditary problems of wave propagation theory and demonstrate the efficiency of mathematical theorems in hereditary mechanics. By using both real end complex Tauberian techniques for the Laplace transform, a classification of near-front asymptotics of solutions to considered equations is given-depending on the singularity character of the memory function. The book goes on to derive the description of the behavior of these solutions and demonstrates the importance of nonlinear Laplace transform in linear hereditary elasticity. This book is of undeniable value to researchers working in areas of mathematical physics and related fields.

This volume collects recent contributions on the contemporary trends in the mathematics of quantum mechanics, and more specifically in mathematical problems arising in quantum many-body dynamics, quantum graph theory, cold atoms, unitary gases, with particular emphasis on the developments of the specific mathematical tools needed, including: linear and non-linear Schroedinger equations, topological invariants, non-commutative geometry, resonances and operator extension theory, among others. Most of contributors are international leading experts or respected young researchers in mathematical physics, PDE, and operator theory. All their material is the fruit of recent studies that have already become a reference in the community. Offering a unified perspective of the mathematics of quantum mechanics, it is a valuable resource for researchers in the field.

An infinite-dimensional manifold is a topological manifold modeled on some infinite-dimensional homogeneous space called a model space. In this book, the following spaces are considered model spaces: Hilbert space (or non-separable Hilbert spaces), the Hilbert cube, dense subspaces of Hilbert spaces being universal spaces for absolute Borel spaces, the direct limit of Euclidean spaces, and the direct limit of Hilbert cubes (which is homeomorphic to the dual of a separable infinite-dimensional Banach space with bounded weak-star topology). This book is designed for graduate students to acquire knowledge of fundamental results on infinite-dimensional manifolds and their characterizations. To read and understand this book, some background is required even for senior graduate students in topology, but that background knowledge is minimized and is listed in the first chapter so that references can easily be found. Almost all necessary background information is found in Geometric Aspects of General Topology, the author's first book. Many kinds of hyperspaces and function spaces are investigated in various branches of mathematics, which are mostly infinite-dimensional. Among them, many examples of infinite-dimensional manifolds have been found. For researchers studying such objects, this book will be very helpful. As outstanding applications of Hilbert cube manifolds, the book contains proofs of the topological invariance of Whitehead torsion and Borsuk's conjecture on the homotopy type of compact ANRs. This is also the first book that presents combinatorial -manifolds, the infinite-dimensional version of combinatorial n-manifolds, and proofs of two remarkable results, that is, any triangulation of each manifold modeled on the direct limit of Euclidean spaces is a combinatorial -manifold and the Hauptvermutung for them is true.

This open access book provides an extensive treatment of Hardy inequalities and closely related topics from the point of view of Folland and Stein's homogeneous (Lie) groups. The place where Hardy inequalities and homogeneous groups meet is a beautiful area of mathematics with links to many other subjects. While describing the general theory of Hardy, Rellich, Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg, Sobolev, and other inequalities in the setting of general homogeneous groups, the authors pay particular attention to the special class of stratified groups. In this environment, the theory of Hardy inequalities becomes intricately intertwined with the properties of sub-Laplacians and subelliptic partial differential equations. These topics constitute the core of this book and they are complemented by additional, closely related topics such as uncertainty principles, function spaces on homogeneous groups, the potential theory for stratified groups, and the potential theory for general Hoermander's sums of squares and their fundamental solutions. This monograph is the winner of the 2018 Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize, a prestigious award for books of expository nature presenting the latest developments in an active area of research in mathematics. As can be attested as the winner of such an award, it is a vital contribution to literature of analysis not only because it presents a detailed account of the recent developments in the field, but also because the book is accessible to anyone with a basic level of understanding of analysis. Undergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers from any field of mathematical and physical sciences related to analysis involving functional inequalities or analysis of homogeneous groups will find the text beneficial to deepen their understanding.

The book faces the interplay among dynamical properties of semigroups, analytical properties of infinitesimal generators and geometrical properties of Koenigs functions. The book includes precise descriptions of the behavior of trajectories, backward orbits, petals and boundary behavior in general, aiming to give a rather complete picture of all interesting phenomena that occur. In order to fulfill this task, we choose to introduce a new point of view, which is mainly based on the intrinsic dynamical aspects of semigroups in relation with the hyperbolic distance and a deep use of Caratheodory prime ends topology and Gromov hyperbolicity theory. This work is intended both as a reference source for researchers interested in the subject, and as an introductory book for beginners with a (undergraduate) background in real and complex analysis. For this purpose, the book is self-contained and all non-standard (and, mostly, all standard) results are proved in details.

This contributed volume provides readers with an overview of the most recent developments in the mathematical fields related to fractals, including both original research contributions, as well as surveys from many of the leading experts on modern fractal theory and applications. It is an outgrowth of the Conference of Fractals and Related Fields III, that was held on September 19-25, 2015 in ile de Porquerolles, France. Chapters cover fields related to fractals such as harmonic analysis, multifractal analysis, geometric measure theory, ergodic theory and dynamical systems, probability theory, number theory, wavelets, potential theory, partial differential equations, fractal tilings, combinatorics, and signal and image processing. The book is aimed at pure and applied mathematicians in these areas, as well as other researchers interested in discovering the fractal domain.

Willem's book is devoted to minimax theorems and their applications to partial differential equations. Presenting basic minimax theorems in a simple and unified way, this book may serve as a textbook for advanced graduate students in partial differential equations.

This book provides a self-contained introduction to convex geometry in Euclidean space. After covering the basic concepts and results, it develops Brunn-Minkowski theory, with an exposition of mixed volumes, the Brunn-Minkowski inequality, and some of its consequences, including the isoperimetric inequality. Further central topics are then treated, such as surface area measures, projection functions, zonoids, and geometric valuations. Finally, an introduction to integral-geometric formulas in Euclidean space is provided. The numerous exercises and the supplementary material at the end of each section form an essential part of the book. Convexity is an elementary and natural concept. It plays a key role in many mathematical fields, including functional analysis, optimization, probability theory, and stochastic geometry. Paving the way to the more advanced and specialized literature, the material will be accessible to students in the third year and can be covered in one semester.

This treatise gives an exposition of the functional analytical approach to quasilinear parabolic evolution equations, developed to a large extent by the author during the last 10 years. This approach is based on the theory of linear nonautonomous parabolic evolution equations and on interpolation-extrapolation techniques. It is the only general method that applies to noncoercive quasilinear parabolic systems under nonlinear boundary conditions.

The present first volume is devoted to a detailed study of nonautonomous linear parabolic evolution equations in general Banach spaces. It contains a careful exposition of the constant domain case, leading to some improvements of the classical Sobolevskii-Tanabe results. It also includes recent results for equations possessing constant interpolation spaces. In addition, systematic presentations of the theory of maximal regularity in spaces of continuous and HAlder continuous functions, and in Lebesgue spaces, are given. It includes related recent theorems in the field of harmonic analysis in Banach spaces and on operators possessing bounded imaginary powers. Lastly, there is a complete presentation of the technique of interpolation-extrapolation spaces and of evolution equations in those spaces, containing many new results.

As technology progresses, we are able to handle larger and larger datasets. At the same time, monitoring devices such as electronic equipment and sensors (for registering images, temperature, etc.) have become more and more sophisticated. This high-tech revolution offers the opportunity to observe phenomena in an increasingly accurate way by producing statistical units sampled over a finer and finer grid, with the measurement points so close that the data can be considered as observations varying over a continuum. Such continuous (or functional) data may occur in biomechanics (e.g. human movements), chemometrics (e.g. spectrometric curves), econometrics (e.g. the stock market index), geophysics (e.g. spatio-temporal events such as El Nino or time series of satellite images), or medicine (electro-cardiograms/electro-encephalograms). It is well known that standard multivariate statistical analyses fail with functional data. However, the great potential for applications has encouraged new methodologies able to extract relevant information from functional datasets. This Handbook aims to present a state of the art exploration of this high-tech field, by gathering together most of major advances in this area. Leading international experts have contributed to this volume with each chapter giving the key original ideas and comprehensive bibliographical information. The main statistical topics (classification, inference, factor-based analysis, regression modelling, resampling methods, time series, random processes) are covered in the setting of functional data. The twin challenges of the subject are the practical issues of implementing new methodologies and the theoretical techniques needed to expand the mathematical foundations and toolbox. The volume therefore mixes practical, methodological and theoretical aspects of the subject, sometimes within the same chapter. As a consequence, this book should appeal to a wide audience of engineers, practitioners and graduate students, as well as academic researchers, not only in statistics and probability but also in the numerous related application areas.

This volume is devoted to integral inequalities of the Gronwall-Bellman-Bihari type. Following a systematic exposition of linear and nonlinear inequalities, attention is paid to analogues including integro-differential inequalities, functional differential inequalities, and discrete and abstract analogues. Applications to the investigation of the properties of solutions of various classes of equations such as uniqueness, stability, dichotomy, asymptotic equivalence and behaviour is also discussed. The book comprises three chapters. Chapter I and II consider classical linear and nonlinear integral inequalities. Chapter III is devoted to various classes of integral inequalities of Gronwall type, and their analogues, which find applications in the theory of integro-differential equations, partial differential equations, differential equations with deviating argument, impube differential equations, etc. Each chapter concludes with a section illustrating the manner of application. The book also contains an extensive bibliography. For researchers whose work involves the theory and application of integral inequalities in mathematics, engineering and physics.

Originally developed in 1966, Hilbert spaces have undergone intense investigation in the past few years. This book concerns a family of Hilbert spaces of holomorphic functions in the unit disk. Besides possessing a fascinating internal structure, they play a role in several basic problems in function theory. This book develops the basic structure of de Branges-Rovnyak spaces and some of these spaces' function-theoretic connections.

This contributed volume showcases research and survey papers devoted to a broad range of topics on functional equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, stochastic differential equations, optimization theory, network games, generalized Nash equilibria, critical point theory, calculus of variations, nonlinear functional analysis, convex analysis, variational inequalities, topology, global differential geometry, curvature flows, perturbation theory, numerical analysis, mathematical finance and a variety of applications in interdisciplinary topics. Chapters in this volume investigate compound superquadratic functions, the Hyers-Ulam Stability of functional equations, edge degenerate pseudo-hyperbolic equations, Kirchhoff wave equation, BMO norms of operators on differential forms, equilibrium points of the perturbed R3BP, complex zeros of solutions to second order differential equations, a higher-order Ginzburg-Landau-type equation, multi-symplectic numerical schemes for differential equations, the Erdos-Renyi network model, strongly m-convex functions, higher order strongly generalized convex functions, factorization and solution of second order differential equations, generalized topologically open sets in relator spaces, graphical mean curvature flow, critical point theory in infinite dimensional spaces using the Leray-Schauder index, non-radial solutions of a supercritical equation in expanding domains, the semi-discrete method for the approximation of the solution of stochastic differential equations, homotopic metric-interval L-contractions in gauge spaces, Rhoades contractions theory, network centrality measures, the Radon transform in three space dimensions via plane integration and applications in positron emission tomography boundary perturbations on medical monitoring and imaging techniques, the KdV-B equation and biomedical applications.

This volume highlights the main results of the research performed within the network "Harmonic and Complex Analysis and its Applications" (HCAA), which was a five-year (2007-2012) European Science Foundation Programme intended to explore and to strengthen the bridge between two scientific communities: analysts with broad backgrounds in complex and harmonic analysis and mathematical physics, and specialists in physics and applied sciences. It coordinated actions for advancing harmonic and complex analysis and for expanding its application to challenging scientific problems. Particular topics considered by this Programme included conformal and quasiconformal mappings, potential theory, Banach spaces of analytic functions and their applications to the problems of fluid mechanics, conformal field theory, Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics, and signal processing. This book is a collection of surveys written as a result of activities of the Programme and will be interesting and useful for professionals and novices in analysis and mathematical physics, as well as for graduate students. Browsing the volume, the reader will undoubtedly notice that, as the scope of the Programme is rather broad, there are many interrelations between the various contributions, which can be regarded as different facets of a common theme.