Recent advances in pure and applied physics are explored by award-winning author David E. Newton. Among the topics covered are the top quark, carbon nanotubes, updates on black holes, and single molecule studies of DNA. Many of the topics covered are strongly interdisciplinary, reflecting the nature of much scientific research today.

This proceedings volume highlights a selection of papers presented at the 7th International Conference on High Performance Scientific Computing, which took place in Hanoi, Vietnam, during March 19-23, 2018. The conference has been organized by the Institute of Mathematics of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, the Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) of Heidelberg University and the Vietnam Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics. The contributions cover a broad, interdisciplinary spectrum of scientific computing and showcase recent advances in theory, methods, and practical applications. Subjects covered include numerical simulation, methods for optimization and control, machine learning, parallel computing and software development, as well as the applications of scientific computing in mechanical engineering, airspace engineering, environmental physics, decision making, hydrogeology, material science and electric circuits.

Traditionally, Lie theory is a tool to build mathematical models for physical systems. Recently, the trend is towards geometrization of the mathematical description of physical systems and objects. A geometric approach to a system yields in general some notion of symmetry which is very helpful in understanding its structure. Geometrization and symmetries are meant in their widest sense, i.e., representation theory, algebraic geometry, infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and groups, superalgebras and supergroups, groups and quantum groups, noncommutative geometry, symmetries of linear and nonlinear PDE, special functions, and others. Furthermore, the necessary tools from functional analysis and number theory are included. This is a big interdisciplinary and interrelated field. Samples of these fresh trends are presented in this volume, based on contributions from the Workshop "Lie Theory and Its Applications in Physics" held near Varna (Bulgaria) in June 2013. This book is suitable for a broad audience of mathematicians, mathematical physicists, and theoretical physicists and researchers in the field of Lie Theory.

This book, now in its second edition, introduces the singularity analysis of differential and difference equations via the Painleve test and shows how Painleve analysis provides a powerful algorithmic approach to building explicit solutions to nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations. It is illustrated with integrable equations such as the nonlinear Schroedinger equation, the Korteweg-de Vries equation, Henon-Heiles type Hamiltonians, and numerous physically relevant examples such as the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation, the Kolmogorov-Petrovski-Piskunov equation, and mainly the cubic and quintic Ginzburg-Landau equations. Extensively revised, updated, and expanded, this new edition includes: recent insights from Nevanlinna theory and analysis on both the cubic and quintic Ginzburg-Landau equations; a close look at physical problems involving the sixth Painleve function; and an overview of new results since the book's original publication with special focus on finite difference equations. The book features tutorials, appendices, and comprehensive references, and will appeal to graduate students and researchers in both mathematics and the physical sciences.

This book covers essential Microsoft EXCEL (R)'s computational skills while analyzing introductory physics projects. Topics of numerical analysis include; multiple graphs on the same sheet, calculation of descriptive statistical parameters, a 3-point interpolation, the Euler and the Runge-Kutter methods to solve equations of motion, the Fourier transform to calculate the normal modes of a double pendulum, matrix calculations to solve coupled linear equations of a DC circuit, animation of waves and Lissajous figures, electric and magnetic field calculations from the Poisson equation and its 3D surface graphs, variational calculus such as Fermat's least traveling time principle and the least action principle. Nelson's stochastic quantum dynamics is also introduced to draw quantum particle trajectories.

Une Perspective Historique; Y. Ne'eman. REVIEW PAPERS: Focal Conic Domains in Smectics; P. Boltenhagen, et al. On Polymer Brushes and Blobology; A. Halperin. RESEARCH PAPERS: Polymer Physics: NonDebye Screening in Polyelectrolyte Solutions; K. Kremer, et al. Polymers in a Random Environment and Molecular Quasi-Species; L. Peliti. Crystallography: Twins in Diamond Films; D. Shechtman. Dynamics of Disordered Systems/Glasses: Dynamics of Interface Depinning in a Disordered Medium; S. Stepanow, et al. Percolation, Diffusion, and Fractons: Hull of Percolation Clusters in Three Dimensions; J.M. Debierre. Dynamics of Diffusion and Invasion Fronts; J.F. Gouyet. Surfactants and Liquid Crystals: Vesicles of High Topological Genus; X. Michalet, et al. SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Neo-Darwinian Processes in the Evolution of Science and of Human Societies; Y. Ne'eman. 19 additional articles. Index.

The basics of computer algebra and the language of Mathematica are described. This title will lead toward an understanding of Mathematica that allows the reader to solve problems in physics, mathematics, and chemistry. Mathematica is the most widely used system for doing mathematical calculations by computer, including symbolic and numeric calculations and graphics. It is used in physics and other branches of science, in mathematics, education and many other areas. Many important results in physics would never be obtained without a wide use of computer algebra.

This book presents a cross-disciplinary approach to smart grids, offering an invaluable basis for understanding their complexity and potential, and for discussing their technical, legal, economic, societal, psychological and security aspects. Smart grids are a complex phenomenon involving new, active roles for consumers and prosumers, novel social, political and cultural practices, advanced ICT, new markets, security of supply issues, the informational turn in energy, valuation of assets and investments, technological innovation and (de)regulation. Furthermore, smart grids offer new interfaces, in turn creating hybrid fields: with the increasing use of electric vehicles and electric transportation, smart grids represent the crossroads of energy and mobility. While the aim is to achieve more sustainable production, transportation and use of energy, the importance of smart grids actually has less to do with electricity, heat or gas, and far more with transforming the infrastructure needed to deliver energy, as well as the roles of its owners, operators and users. The immediate goal is to contribute positively to a sustainable world society. The chapters are revised and expanded texts based upon lectures delivered at the Groningen Energy Summer School 2014. Questions for further discussion at the end of each chapter highlight the key themes that emerge. The book offers an indispensable resource for researchers, professionals and companies in the power supply industry, and for students seeking to broaden and deepen their understanding of smart grids.

Mechanical responses of solid materials are governed by their material properties. The solutions for estimating and predicting the mechanical responses are extremely difficult, in particular for non-homogeneous materials. Among these, there is a special type of materials whose properties are variable only along one direction, defined as graded materials or functionally graded materials (FGMs). Examples are plant stems and bones. Artificial graded materials are widely used in mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, biological engineering, and electronic engineering. This work covers and develops boundary element methods (BEM) to investigate the properties of realistic graded materials. It is a must have for practitioners and researchers in materials science, both academic and in industry. Covers analysis of properties of graded materials. Presents solutions based methods for analysis of fracture mechanics. Presents two types of boundary element methods for layered isotropic materials and transversely isotropic materials. Written by two authors with extensive international experience in academic and private research and engineering.

The book describes the main findings of the EU-funded project IDIHOM (Industrialization of High-Order Methods - A Top-Down Approach). The goal of this project was the improvement, utilization and demonstration of innovative higher-order simulation capabilities for large-scale aerodynamic application challenges in the aircraft industry. The IDIHOM consortium consisted of 21 organizations, including aircraft manufacturers, software vendors, as well as the major European research establishments and several universities, all of them with proven expertise in the field of computational fluid dynamics. After a general introduction to the project, the book reports on new approaches for curved boundary-grid generation, high-order solution methods and visualization techniques. It summarizes the achievements, weaknesses and perspectives of the new simulation capabilities developed by the project partners for various industrial applications, and includes internal- and external-aerodynamic as well as multidisciplinary test cases.

A Zahigkeitscharakterisierung mit Hilfe bruchmechanischer Konzepte.- A 1 Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen.- Neue Entwicklungen bei der bruchmechanischen Zahigkeitsbewertung von Kunststoffen und Verbunden.- JTJ-Konzept und dissipative Energien am Riss.- A 2 Experimentelle Methoden.- Bruchmechanische Messmethoden fur Polymere.- Einfluss von Prufkoerpergeometrie und Beanspruchungsbedingungen auf das Risswiderstandsverhalten von PVC und PP.- Prozedur zur Ermittlung des Risswiderstandsverhaltens mit dem instrumentierten Kerbschlagbiegeversuch.- Experimentelle Methoden zur Charakterisierung des Bruchverhaltens von HDPE-Rohren.- Die mechanische Charakterisierung von Polymeren und verstarkten Polymeren - Experimentelle Probleme und theoretische Hintergrunde.- A 3 Alternative Methoden.- Approximative Methoden zur Beschreibung des Risswiderstandsverhaltens im instrumentierten Kerbschlagbiegeversuch.- Anwendung der Normalisierungsmethode zur Ermittlung von Risswiderstandskurven an amorphen PVC-Werkstoffen.- Berechnung von J-R-Kurven aus Kraft-Durchbiegungs-Diagrammen auf Basis des Gelenkprutkoerpers.- J-TJ- und ?-T?-Stabilitatsdiagramme als Grundlage einer alternativen Methode zur Ermittlung von Instabilitatswerten aus Risswiderstandskurven.- B Morphologie-Eigenschafts-Korrelationen.- B 1 Homopolymerisate.- UEbermolekulare Struktur und mechanische Eigenschaften von isotaktischem Polypropylen.- Bruchverhalten und Morphologie von HDPE-Werkstoffen.- Zahigkeits- und Relaxationsverhalten von PMMA, PS und PC.- Crazing in amorphen Polymeren - Entstehung und Wachstum fibrillarer Crazes in der Nahe der Glasubergangstemperatur.- Einfluss der Temperatur und der Feuchtigkeit auf das Zahigkeitsverhalten von Polyamid.- B 2 Blends.- Zusammenhang zwischen Bruchverhalten und Morphologie von PE/PP-Blends.- Einfluss von Modifikatorkonzentration und Pruftemperatur auf das Zahigkeitsverhalten von modifizierten Polyamiden.- Morphologie und Zahigkeit von PP/EPR-Blends.- B 3 Copolymerisate.- Anwendung bruchmechanischer Werkstoffkenngroessen zur Optimierung des Zahigkeitsverhaltens von polymeren Mehrphasensystemen mit PP-Matrix.- Bruchmechanische Zahigkeitsbewertung des Rissinitiierungs-und Rissausbreitungsverhaltens von Ethylen-Propylen-Random-Copolymerisaten.- Risszahigkeitsverhalten von ABS-Werkstoffen.- ABS - Sproedbruch-Untersuchungen der Morphologie-Versagens-Beziehung.- C Hybride Methoden der Kunststoffprufung und Kunststoffdiagnostik.- Neue Moeglichkeiten der zerstoerungsfreien Charakterisierung von Polymeren.- Ermittlung des lokalen Deformationsverhaltens von Kunststoffen mittels Laserextensometrie.- D Technologische Prufverfahren.- Einsatzgrenzen von Kunststoffen und deren Verbunden unter Reibungs- und Verschleissbedingungen.- Modifizierung von Polymerwerkstoffen mit amorphem Kohlenstoff zur Optimierung des Reibungsverhaltens.- Mechanisches Schwingungsverhalten einer CFK-Verdichterschaufel.- E Biokompatible Werkstoffe und medizinische Implantate.- Polymere Werkstoffe in der orthopadischen Gelenkchirurgie.- Werkstoffparameter von funktionellen Prothesen im HNO-Bereich bei fortschreitender Degradation.- Mikrobielle Korrosion von pharyngo-trachealen Shuntventilen.- Werkstoff-und Deformationsverhalten von Stimmprothesen - Sensibilitat mechanischer Prufverfahren.- F Spezielle Werkstoffe.- Rissinitiierung, Verschleiss und molekulare Struktur von gefullten Vulkanisaten.- Charakterisierung des Deformationsverhaltens von modifiziertem Polymerbeton.- G Einsatz-und Anwendungsgrenzen.- Der Einfluss des biaxialen Spannungszustandes auf die Werkstoffkennwertfunktionen nichtlinear-viskoelastischer Werkstoffe.- Mediale Bestandigkeit von PP/GF-Verbunden.- Einfluss der medialen Auslagerung auf das Impactverhalten glasfaserverstarkter Kunststoffe.- Physikalische Alterung von Polypropylen.- Autorenindex.

This book describes an effective framework for setting the right process parameters and new mold design to reduce the current plastic defects in injection molding. It presents a new approach for the optimization of injection molding process via (i) a new mold runner design which leads to 20 percent reduction in scrap rate, 2.5 percent reduction in manufacturing time, and easier ejection of injected part, (ii) a new mold gate design which leads to less plastic defects; and (iii) the introduction of a number of promising alternatives with high moldability indices. Besides presenting important developments of relevance academic research, the book also includes useful information for people working in the injection molding industry, especially in the green manufacturing field.

Evolutionary algorithms constitute a class of well-known algorithms, which are designed based on the Darwinian theory of evolution and Mendelian theory of heritage. They are partly based on random and partly based on deterministic principles. Due to this nature, it is challenging to predict and control its performance in solving complex nonlinear problems. Recently, the study of evolutionary dynamics is focused not only on the traditional investigations but also on the understanding and analyzing new principles, with the intention of controlling and utilizing their properties and performances toward more effective real-world applications. In this book, based on many years of intensive research of the authors, is proposing novel ideas about advancing evolutionary dynamics towards new phenomena including many new topics, even the dynamics of equivalent social networks. In fact, it includes more advanced complex networks and incorporates them with the CMLs (coupled map lattices), which are usually used for spatiotemporal complex systems simulation and analysis, based on the observation that chaos in CML can be controlled, so does evolution dynamics. All the chapter authors are, to the best of our knowledge, originators of the ideas mentioned above and researchers on evolutionary algorithms and chaotic dynamics as well as complex networks, who will provide benefits to the readers regarding modern scientific research on related subjects.

This self-contained text develops a Markov chain approach that makes the rigorous analysis of a class of microscopic models that specify the dynamics of complex systems at the individual level possible. It presents a general framework of aggregation in agent-based and related computational models, one which makes use of lumpability and information theory in order to link the micro and macro levels of observation. The starting point is a microscopic Markov chain description of the dynamical process in complete correspondence with the dynamical behavior of the agent-based model (ABM), which is obtained by considering the set of all possible agent configurations as the state space of a huge Markov chain. An explicit formal representation of a resulting "micro-chain" including microscopic transition rates is derived for a class of models by using the random mapping representation of a Markov process. The type of probability distribution used to implement the stochastic part of the model, which defines the updating rule and governs the dynamics at a Markovian level, plays a crucial part in the analysis of "voter-like" models used in population genetics, evolutionary game theory and social dynamics. The book demonstrates that the problem of aggregation in ABMs - and the lumpability conditions in particular - can be embedded into a more general framework that employs information theory in order to identify different levels and relevant scales in complex dynamical systems

This thesis presents fundamental work that explains two mysteries concerning the trajectory of interplanetary spacecraft. For the first problem, the so-called Pioneer anomaly, a wholly new and innovative method was developed for computing all contributions to the acceleration due to onboard thermal sources. Through a careful analysis of all parts of the spacecraft Pioneer 10 and 11, the application of this methodology has yielded the observed anomalous acceleration. This marks a major achievement, given that this problem remained unsolved for more than a decade. For the second anomaly, the flyby anomaly, a tiny glitch in the velocity of spacecraft that perform gravity assisting maneuvers on Earth, no definitive answer is put forward; however a quite promising strategy for examining the problem is provided and a new mission is proposed. The proposal largely consists in using the Galileo Navigational Satellite System to track approaching spacecraft, and in considering a small test body that approaches Earth from a highly elliptic trajectory.

Newton's classical physics and its underlying ontology are loaded with several metaphysical hypotheses that cannot be justified by rational reasoning nor by experimental evidence. Furthermore, it is well known that some of these hypotheses are not contained in the great theories of Modern Physics, such as the theory of Special Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. This book shows that, on the basis of Newton's classical physics and by rational reconstruction, the theory of Special Relativity as well as Quantum Mechanics can be obtained by partly eliminating or attenuating the metaphysical hypotheses. Moreover, it is shown that these reconstructions do not require additional hypotheses or new experimental results. In the second edition the rational reconstructions are completed with respect to General Relativity and Cosmology. In addition, the statistics of quantum objects is elaborated in more detail with respect to the rational reconstruction of quantum mechanics. The new material completes the approach of the book as much as it is possible at the present state of knowledge. Presumably, the most important contribution that is added to the second edition refers to the problem of interpretation of the three great theories of Modern Physics. It is shown in detail that in the light of rational reconstructions even realistic interpretations of the three theories of Modern Physics are possible and can easily be achieved.

This book presents the state-of-the-art in various aspects of analysis and mining of online social networks. Within the broader context of online social networks, it focuses on important and upcoming topics of social network analysis and mining such as the latest in sentiment trends research and a variety of techniques for community detection and analysis. The book collects chapters that are expanded versions of the best papers presented at the IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM'2015), which was held in Paris, France in August 2015. All papers have been peer reviewed and checked carefully for overlap with the literature. The book will appeal to students and researchers in social network analysis/mining and machine learning.

This set of three volumes aims to describe the recent progress in nonlinear differential equations and nonlinear dynamical systems (both continuous and discrete). Written by experts, each chapter is self-contained and aims to clearly illustrate some of the mathematical theories of nonlinear systems. These volumes should be suitable for graduate and postgraduate students in mathematics, the natural sciences, and engineering sciences, as well as for researchers (both pure and applied) interested in nonlinear systems. The common theme throughout all the volumes is on solvable and integrable nonlinear systems of equations and methods/theories that can be applied to analyze those systems. Some applications are also discussed. Features Clearly illustrates the mathematical theories of nonlinear systems and their progress to both the non-expert and active researchers in this area. Suitable for graduate students in mathematics, applied mathematics and some of the engineering sciences. Written in a careful pedagogical manner by those experts who have been involved in the research themselves, with each contribution being reasonably self-contained.

The behaviour of matter at low temperatures is of profound significance for the understanding of a diverse range of fundamental physics, including important aspects of thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, elementary particle physics and astrophysics. There is also a growing technology based on low temperatures, which is assuming a rapidly increasing importance. This book meets the need for a clear and unified introduction to physics at low temperatures and to some of these important applications.

This book introduces the fascinating world of plasmonics and physics at the nanoscale, with a focus on simulations and the theoretical aspects of optics and nanotechnology. A research field with numerous applications, plasmonics bridges the gap between the micrometer length scale of light and the secrets of the nanoworld. This is achieved by binding light to charge density oscillations of metallic nanostructures, so-called surface plasmons, which allow electromagnetic radiation to be focussed down to spots as small as a few nanometers. The book is a snapshot of recent and ongoing research and at the same time outlines our present understanding of the optical properties of metallic nanoparticles, ranging from the tunability of plasmonic resonances to the ultrafast dynamics of light-matter interaction. Beginning with a gentle introduction that highlights the basics of plasmonic interactions and plasmon imaging, the author then presents a suitable theoretical framework for the description of metallic nanostructures. This model based on this framework is first solved analytically for simple systems, and subsequently through numerical simulations for more general cases where, for example, surface roughness, nonlinear and nonlocal effects or metamaterials are investigated.

This book presents the latest algorithmic developments in the cell-mapping method for the global analysis of nonlinear dynamic systems, global solutions for multi-objective optimization problems, and global solutions for zeros of complex algebraic equations. It also discusses related engineering and scientific applications, including the nonlinear design of structures for better vibration resistance and reliability; multi-objective, structural-acoustic design for sound abatement; optimal multi-objective design of airfoils for better lift; and optimal multi-objective design of linear and nonlinear controls with or without time delay. The first book on the subject to include extensive Matlab and C++ codes, it presents various implementation algorithms of the cell-mapping method, enabling readers to understand how the method works and its programming aspects. A link to the codes on the Springer website will be provided to the readers.