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Books > Science & Mathematics > Physics > General
This book offers a timely overview of fractional calculus
applications, with a special emphasis on fractional derivatives
with Mittag-Leffler kernel. The different contributions, written by
applied mathematicians, physicists and engineers, offers a snapshot
of recent research in the field, highlighting the current
methodological frameworks together with applications in different
fields of science and engineering, such as chemistry, mechanics,
epidemiology and more. It is intended as a timely guide and source
of inspiration for graduate students and researchers in the
above-mentioned areas.
This book focuses on the theory of the Zakharov system in the
context of plasma physics. It has been over 40 years since the
system was first derived by V. E. Zakharov - and in the course of
those decades, many innovative achievements with major impacts on
other research fields have been made. The book represents a first
attempt to highlight the mathematical theories that are most
important to researchers, including the existence and unique
problems, blow-up, low regularity, large time behavior and the
singular limit. Rather than attempting to examine every aspect of
the Zakharov system in detail, it provides an effective road map to
help readers access the frontier of studies on this system.
This book contains 25 papers, most of which were presented, for
the first time, at the International Workshop on Operator Theory
and its Applications held in Groningen, the Netherlands, from June
30a "July 3, 1998. The topics include dilation and interpolation
problems, reproducing kernel spaces, numerical ranges of operators,
Riccati equations, harmonic analysis, spectral theory of
differential operators and analytic operator functions to
scattering of waves. All papers deal with operators in Banach or
Hilbert spaces, or in spaces with an indefinite metric. This volume
is dedicated to Israel Gohberg, one of the founding fathers of the
IWOTA worskhops and an outstanding leader in operator theory. His
work had a deep influence on the field and its range of
applications. The IWOTA Groningen 1998, the tenth in its series,
was a good occasion for a pre-celebration of his 70th birthday.
This book also contains the speeches held at the workshop dinner, a
review of Israel Gohberga (TM)s contributions to mathematics and a
complete list of his publications. The book is of interest to a
wide audience of pure and applied mathematicians.
The second volume of this authoritative work traces the material
outlined in the first, but in far greater detail and with a much
higher degree of sophistication. The authors begin with the theory
of the electromagnetic interaction, and then consider hadronic
structure, exploring the accuracy of the quark model by examining
the excited states of baryons and mesons. They introduce the color
variable as a prelude to the development of quantum chromodynamics,
the theory of the strong interaction, and go on to discuss the
electroweak interaction--the broken symmetry of which they explain
by the Higgs mechanism--and conclude with a consideration of grand
unification theories.
This work presents the Clifford-Cauchy-Dirac (CCD) technique for
solving problems involving the scattering of electromagnetic
radiation from materials of all kinds. It allows anyone who is
interested to master techniques that lead to simpler and more
efficient solutions to problems of electromagnetic scattering than
are currently in use. The technique is formulated in terms of the
Cauchy kernel, single integrals, Clifford algebra and a whole-field
approach. This is in contrast to many conventional techniques that
are formulated in terms of Green's functions, double integrals,
vector calculus and the combined field integral equation (CFIE).
Whereas these conventional techniques lead to an implementation
using the method of moments (MoM), the CCD technique is implemented
as alternating projections onto convex sets in a Banach space. The
ultimate outcome is an integral formulation that lends itself to a
more direct and efficient solution than conventionally is the case,
and applies without exception to all types of materials. On any
particular machine, it results in either a faster solution for a
given problem or the ability to solve problems of greater
complexity. The Clifford-Cauchy-Dirac technique offers very real
and significant advantages in uniformity, complexity, speed,
storage, stability, consistency and accuracy.
The book deals with applications of the AdS/CFT correspondence to
strongly coupled condensed matter systems. In particular, it
concerns with the study of thermo-electric transport properties of
holographic models exhibiting momentum dissipation and their
possible applications to the transport properties of strange
metals. The present volume constitutes one of the few examples in
the literature in which the topic is carefully reviewed both from
the experimental and theoretical point of view, including not only
holographic results but also standard condensed matter achievements
developed in the past decades. This work might be extremely useful
both for scientific and pedagogical purposes.
This book addresses flow separation within the context of
fluid-structure interaction phenomena. Here, new findings from two
research communities focusing on fluids and structures are brought
together, emphasizing the importance of a unified multidisciplinary
approach. The book covers the theory, experimental findings,
numerical simulations, and modeling in fluid dynamics and
structural mechanics for both incompressible and compressible
separated unsteady flows. There is a focus on the morphing of
lifting structures in order to increase their aerodynamic and/or
hydrodynamic performances, to control separation and to reduce
noise, as well as to inspire the design of novel structures. The
different chapters are based on contributions presented at the
ERCOFTAC Symposium on Unsteady Separation in Fluid-Structure
Interaction held in Mykonos, Greece, 17-21 June, 2013 and include
extended discussions and new highlights. The book is intended for
students, researchers and practitioners in the broad field of
computational fluid dynamics and computational structural
mechanics. It aims at supporting them while dealing with practical
issues, such as developing control strategies for unsteady
separation and applying smart materials and biomimetic approaches
for design and control.
The history of artificial cold has been a rather intriguing
interdisciplinary subject (physics, chemistry, technology,
sociology, economics, anthropology, consumer studies) which despite
some excellent monographs and research papers, has not been
systematically exploited. It is a subject with all kinds of
scientific, technological as well as cultural dimensions. For
example, the common home refrigerator has brought about
unimaginably deep changes to our everyday lives changing
drastically eating habits and shopping mentalities. From the end of
the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st, issues related to
the production and exploitation of artificial cold have never
stopped to provide us with an incredibly interesting set of
phenomena, novel theoretical explanations, amazing possibilities
concerning technological applications and all encompassing cultural
repercussions. The discovery of the unexpected and "bizarre"
phenomena of superconductivity and superfluidity, the necessity to
incorporate macroscopic quantum phenomena to the framework of
quantum mechanics, the discovery of Bose-Einstein condensation and
high temperature superconductivity, the use of superconducting
magnets for high energy particle accelerators, the construction of
new computer hardware, the extensive applications of cryomedicine,
and the multi billion industry of frozen foods, are some of the
more dramatic instances in the history of artificial cold.
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Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics
- 10th International Conference, ICINCO 2013 Reykjavik, Iceland, July 29-31, 2013 Revised Selected Papers
(Hardcover, 2015 ed.)
Jean-Louis Ferrier, Oleg Gusikhin, Kurosh Madani, Jurek Sasiadek
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The present book includes a set of selected papers from the tenth
"International Conference on Informatics in Control Automation and
Robotics" (ICINCO 2013), held in Reykjavik, Iceland, from 29 to 31
July 2013. The conference was organized in four simultaneous
tracks: "Intelligent Control Systems and Optimization", "Robotics
and Automation", "Signal Processing, Sensors, Systems Modeling and
Control" and "Industrial Engineering, Production and Management".
The book is based on the same structure. ICINCO 2013 received 255
paper submissions from 50 countries, in all continents. After a
double blind paper review performed by the Program Committee only
30% were published and presented orally. A further refinement was
made after the conference, based also on the assessment of
presentation quality, so that this book includes the extended and
revised versions of the very best papers of ICINCO 2013.
Due to their high stiffness and strength and their good processing
properties short fibre reinforced thermoplastics are
well-established construction materials. Up to now, simulation of
engineering parts consisting of short fibre reinforced
thermoplastics has often been based on macroscopic phenomenological
models, but deformations, damage and failure of composite materials
strongly depend on their microstructure. The typical modes of
failure of short fibre thermoplastics enriched with glass fibres
are matrix failure, rupture of fibres and delamination, and pure
macroscopic consideration is not sufficient to predict those
effects. The typical predictive phenomenological models are complex
and only available for very special failures. A quantitative
prediction on how failure will change depending on the content and
orientation of the fibres is generally not possible, and the direct
involvement of the above effects in a numerical simulation requires
multi-scale modelling. One the one hand, this makes it possible to
take into account the properties of the matrix material and the
fibre material, the microstructure of the composite in terms of
fibre content, fibre orientation and shape as well as the
properties of the interface between fibres and matrix. On the other
hand, the multi-scale approach links these local properties to the
global behaviour and forms the basis for the dimensioning and
design of engineering components. Furthermore, multi-scale
numerical simulations are required to allow efficient solution of
the models when investigating three-dimensional problems of
dimensioning engineering parts. Bringing together mathematical
modelling, materials mechanics, numerical methods and experimental
engineering, this book provides a unique overview of multi-scale
modelling approaches, multi-scale simulations and experimental
investigations of short fibre reinforced thermoplastics. The first
chapters focus on two principal subjects: the mathematical and
mechanical models governing composite properties and damage
description. The subsequent chapters present numerical algorithms
based on the Finite Element Method and the Boundary Element Method,
both of which make explicit use of the composite's microstructure.
Further, the results of the numerical simulations are shown and
compared to experimental results. Lastly, the book investigates
deformation and failure of composite materials experimentally,
explaining the applied methods and presenting the results for
different volume fractions of fibres. This book is a valuable
resource for applied mathematics, theoretical and experimental
mechanical engineers as well as engineers in industry dealing with
modelling and simulation of short fibre reinforced composites.
Volume I: A low-dimensional magnet is key to the next-generation of
electronic devices. In some aspects, low dimensional magnets refer
to nanostructured magnets or single-molecule magnets. They are
widely used in biomedicine, technology, industries, and
environmental remediation. Emerging Applications of Low Dimensional
Magnets covers current state-of-the-art progress in ferromagnetic
materials, experimental studies of nanomaterials-based spintronics,
and directions for future approaches, applications, and devices.
Experts from a variety of areas such as biomedical engineering,
materials science, nanotechnology, and electronic engineering have
contributed to this handbook making it the most up-to-date and
interdisciplinary reference of its kind in the field of low
dimensional magnets. Volume II: Low-dimensional magnetic materials
find their wide applications in many areas, including spintronics,
memory devices, catalysis, biomedical, sensors, electromagnetic
shielding, aerospace, and energy. This book provides a
comprehensive discussion on magnetic nanomaterials for emerging
applications. Fundamentals along with applications of
low-dimensional magnetic materials in spintronics, catalysis,
memory, biomedicals, toxic waste removal, aerospace,
telecommunications, batteries, supercapacitors, flexible
electronics, and many more are covered in detail to provide a full
spectrum of their advanced applications. This book offers fresh
aspects of nanomagnetic materials and innovative directions to
scientists, researchers, and students. It will be of particular
interest to materials scientists, engineers, physicists, chemists,
and researchers in electronic and spintronic industries, and is
suitable as a textbook for undergraduate and graduate studies.
In this text, a theory for general linear parabolic partial
differential equations is established which covers equations with
inhomogeneous symbol structure as well as mixed-order systems.
Typical applications include several variants of the Stokes system
and free boundary value problems. We show well-posedness in
"Lp-Lq"-Sobolev spaces in time and space for the linear problems
(i.e., maximal regularity) which is the key step for the treatment
of nonlinear problems. The theory is based on the concept of the
Newton polygon and can cover equations which are not accessible by
standard methods as, e.g., semigroup theory. Results are obtained
in different types of non-integer "Lp"-Sobolev spaces as Besov
spaces, Bessel potential spaces, and Triebel Lizorkin spaces. The
last-mentioned class appears in a natural way as traces of
"Lp-Lq"-Sobolev spaces. We also present a selection of applications
in the whole space and on half-spaces. Among others, we prove
well-posedness of the linearizations of the generalized
thermoelastic plate equation, the two-phase Navier Stokes equations
with Boussinesq Scriven surface, and the "Lp-Lq" two-phase Stefan
problem with Gibbs Thomson correction. "
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Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of Complex Processes HPSC 2015
- Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on High Performance Scientific Computing, March 16-20, 2015, Hanoi, Vietnam
(Hardcover, 1st ed. 2017)
Hans Georg Bock, Hoang Xuan Phu, Rolf Rannacher, Johannes P. Schloeder
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This proceedings volume highlights a selection of papers presented
at the Sixth International Conference on High Performance
Scientific Computing, which took place in Hanoi, Vietnam on March
16-20, 2015. The conference was jointly organized by the Heidelberg
Institute of Theoretical Studies (HITS), the Institute of
Mathematics of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
(VAST), the Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR)
at Heidelberg University, and the Vietnam Institute for Advanced
Study in Mathematics, Ministry of Education The contributions cover
a broad, interdisciplinary spectrum of scientific computing and
showcase recent advances in theory, methods, and practical
applications. Subjects covered numerical simulation, methods for
optimization and control, parallel computing, and software
development, as well as the applications of scientific computing in
physics, mechanics, biomechanics and robotics, material science,
hydrology, biotechnology, medicine, transport, scheduling, and
industry.
In a knowledge-based society, research into fundamental physics
plays a vital role not only in the enhancement of human knowledge
but also in the development of new technology that affects everyday
life.The international symposium series Frontiers of Fundamental
Physics (FFP) regularly brings together eminent scholars and
researchers working in various areas in physics to exchange
expertise, ideas, results, and new research perspectives. The
twelfth such symposium, FFP12, took place at the University of
Udine, Italy, and covered diverse fields of research: astrophysics,
high energy physics and particle physics, theoretical physics,
gravitation and cosmology, condensed matter physics, statistical
physics, computational physics, and mathematical physics.
Importantly, it also devoted a great deal of attention to physics
education research, teacher training in modern physics, and
popularization of physics. The high scientific level of FFP12 was
guaranteed by the careful selection made by scientific coordinators
from among 250 submissions from 28 countries across the world.
During the three days of the conference, nine general talks were
delivered in plenary sessions, 29 invited talks were given in
specific topic areas, and 59 oral presentations were made. This
book presents a selection of the best contributions at FFP12 with
the aim of acquainting readers with the most important recent
advances in fundamental physics and in physics education and
teacher development.
This book begins with a brief account of matrices and matrix
algebra, and derives the theory of determinants by the aid of
matrix notation, in an order suggested by a naturally alternating
development of both subjects.
This book offers a detailed investigation of breakdowns in traffic
and transportation networks. It shows empirically that transitions
from free flow to so-called synchronized flow, initiated by local
disturbances at network bottlenecks, display a nucleation-type
behavior: while small disturbances in free flow decay, larger ones
grow further and lead to breakdowns at the bottlenecks. Further, it
discusses in detail the significance of this nucleation effect for
traffic and transportation theories, and the consequences this has
for future automatic driving, traffic control, dynamic traffic
assignment, and optimization in traffic and transportation
networks. Starting from a large volume of field traffic data
collected from various sources obtained solely through measurements
in real world traffic, the author develops his insights, with an
emphasis less on reviewing existing methodologies, models and
theories, and more on providing a detailed analysis of empirical
traffic data and drawing consequences regarding the minimum
requirements for any traffic and transportation theories to be
valid. The book - proves the empirical nucleation nature of traffic
breakdown in networks - discusses the origin of the failure of
classical traffic and transportation theories - shows that the
three-phase theory is incommensurable with the classical traffic
theories, and - explains why current state-of-the art dynamic
traffic assignments tend to provoke heavy traffic congestion,
making it a valuable reference resource for a wide audience of
scientists and postgraduate students interested in the fundamental
understanding of empirical traffic phenomena and related
data-driven phenomenology, as well as for practitioners working in
the fields of traffic and transportation engineering.
This graduate level text covers an exciting and active area of
research at the crossroads of several different fields in
mathematics and physics. In mathematics it involves Differential
Geometry, Complex Algebraic Geometry, Symplectic Geometry, and in
physics String Theory and Mirror Symmetry. Drawing extensively on
the author's previous work, the text explains the advanced
mathematics involved simply and clearly to both mathematicians and
physicists. Starting with the basic geometry of connections,
curvature, complex and Kahler structures suitable for beginning
graduate students, the text covers seminal results such as Yau's
proof of the Calabi Conjecture, and takes the reader all the way to
the frontiers of current research in calibrated geometry, giving
many open problems.
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