Philoponus has been identified as the founder in dynamics of the theory of impetus, an inner force impressed from without, which, in its later recurrence, has been hailed as a scientific revolution. His commentary is translated here without the previously translated excursus, the "Corollary""on Void, "also available in this series. Philoponus rejects Aristotle's attack on the very idea of void and of the possibility of motion in it, even though he thinks that void never occurs in fact. Philoponus' argument was later to be praised by Galileo.This volume contains the first English translation of Philoponus' commentary, as well as a detailed introduction, extensive explanatory notes and a bibliography.

This book appearance is a logical development of the research activity in a relatively new field named Plasma Assisted Combustion (PAC) and is the first attempt to collect the most valuable contributions to the field from different research groups all over the globe. The first practical applications of different plasma sources for ignition and combustion enhancement date back to the 1960s and 1970s. The first PAC conference was organized by the Editor in 1989 in the former Soviet Union. At this time, the PAC community is relatively well organized with an annual International Workshop and Exhibition on Plasma Assisted Combustion (IWEPAC), now converted into the International Conference on Plasma Assisted Technologies or ICPAT starting in 2012, and special issues in the IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science on the topic of on Plasma Assisted Combustion. This two-volume work is one of the first projects of the newly established International Plasma Technology Center (IPTC) intended to provide, in Volume 1, a description of different plasma sources especially designed for PAC and, in Volume 2, to describe PAC processes that are under development or used industrially. If successful, we plan to publish new editions every two-three years depending on progress in this field. The basic mission of the IPTC is to promote scientific, educational, and charitable activities. This book is an example of organizing an international team of authors to promote education in the focus areas of the disciplines addressed. There are over 30 authors for Volume 1, who hail from five countries: Czech Republic, Netherlands, Russia, Ukraine, and the United States. A second volume will be produced in the future. The IPTC will gratefully welcome new authors in this endeavor to aid our mission of keeping abreast of new developments in the field of plasma assisted combustion, gasification, and pollution control and to update the literature to include new information through additional or revised volu

Boltzmann and Vlasov equations played a great role in the past and still play an important role in modern natural sciences, technique and even philosophy of science. Classical Boltzmann equation derived in 1872 became a cornerstone for the molecular-kinetic theory, the second law of thermodynamics (increasing entropy) and derivation of the basic hydrodynamic equations. After modifications, the fields and numbers of its applications have increased to include diluted gas, radiation, neutral particles transportation, atmosphere optics and nuclear reactor modelling. Vlasov equation was obtained in 1938 and serves as a basis of plasma physics and describes large-scale processes and galaxies in astronomy, star wind theory. This book provides a comprehensive review of both equations and presents both classical and modern applications. In addition, it discusses several open problems of great importance.

Spaces of homogeneous type were introduced as a generalization to the Euclidean space and serve as a suffi cient setting in which one can generalize the classical isotropic Harmonic analysis and function space theory. This setting is sometimes too general, and the theory is limited. Here, we present a set of fl exible ellipsoid covers of n that replace the Euclidean balls and support a generalization of the theory with fewer limitations.

This book begins with an examination of the numbers of women in physics in English-speaking countries, moving on to examine factors that affect girls and their decision to continue in science, right through to education and on into the problems that women in physics careers face. Looking at all of these topics with one eye on the progress that the field has made in the past few years, and another on those things that we have yet to address, the book surveys the most current research as it tries to identify strategies and topics that have significant impact on issues that women have in the field.

Our lives have benefited immensely from the scientific evolution over the years. This book provides an overview of the lives of three great scientists, Newton, Faraday and Einstein, who made the most significant contributions to physics.Newton and Faraday laid the foundation of Newtonian mechanics and electro-magnetic theory, respectively, that constituted the two greatest contributions to classical physics. Newton elucidated the motion of celestial bodies with the three laws of motion, while Faraday researched electro-magnetic phenomena and discovered electro-magnetic induction, magneto-optical effect, etc.Furthermore, Einstein contributed to the foundation of quantum mechanics and relativity theory which comprise the two greatest theories in modern physics. By elucidating photoelectric effect, Einstein proved the correctness of the concept of quantum proposed by Planck which resulted in quantum mechanics being considered as an epoch-making mechanics following Newtonian mechanics. Einstein renovated the concept of time-space and derived the Lorentz transformation supporting relativity principle.This book will take the readers on a journey to understand the progress from classical physics to modern physics.

Our lives have benefited immensely from the scientific evolution over the years. This book provides an overview of the lives of three great scientists, Newton, Faraday and Einstein, who made the most significant contributions to physics.Newton and Faraday laid the foundation of Newtonian mechanics and electro-magnetic theory, respectively, that constituted the two greatest contributions to classical physics. Newton elucidated the motion of celestial bodies with the three laws of motion, while Faraday researched electro-magnetic phenomena and discovered electro-magnetic induction, magneto-optical effect, etc.Furthermore, Einstein contributed to the foundation of quantum mechanics and relativity theory which comprise the two greatest theories in modern physics. By elucidating photoelectric effect, Einstein proved the correctness of the concept of quantum proposed by Planck which resulted in quantum mechanics being considered as an epoch-making mechanics following Newtonian mechanics. Einstein renovated the concept of time-space and derived the Lorentz transformation supporting relativity principle.This book will take the readers on a journey to understand the progress from classical physics to modern physics.

Spiritual Insights from the New Science is a guide to the deep spiritual wisdom drawn from one of the newest areas of science - the study of complex systems. The author, a former research scientist with over three decades of experience in the field of complexity science, tells her story of being attracted, as a young student, to the study of self-organizing systems where she encountered the strange and beautiful topics of chaos, fractals and other concepts that comprise complexity science. Using the events of her life, she describes lessons drawn from this science that provide insights into not only her own life, but all our lives. These insights show us how to weather the often disruptive events we all experience when growing and changing.The book goes on to explore, through the unfolding story of the author's life as a practicing scientist, other key concepts from the science of complex systems: cycles and rhythms, attractors and bifurcations, chaos, fractals, self-organization, and emergence. Examples drawn from religious rituals, dance, philosophical teachings, mysticism, native American spirituality, and other sources are used to illustrate how these scientific insights apply to all aspects of life, especially the spiritual. Spiritual Insights from the New Science shows the links between this new science and our human spirituality and presents, in engaging, accessible language, the argument that the study of nature can lead to a better understanding of the deepest meaning of our lives.

Spiritual Insights from the New Science is a guide to the deep spiritual wisdom drawn from one of the newest areas of science - the study of complex systems. The author, a former research scientist with over three decades of experience in the field of complexity science, tells her story of being attracted, as a young student, to the study of self-organizing systems where she encountered the strange and beautiful topics of chaos, fractals and other concepts that comprise complexity science. Using the events of her life, she describes lessons drawn from this science that provide insights into not only her own life, but all our lives. These insights show us how to weather the often disruptive events we all experience when growing and changing.The book goes on to explore, through the unfolding story of the author's life as a practicing scientist, other key concepts from the science of complex systems: cycles and rhythms, attractors and bifurcations, chaos, fractals, self-organization, and emergence. Examples drawn from religious rituals, dance, philosophical teachings, mysticism, native American spirituality, and other sources are used to illustrate how these scientific insights apply to all aspects of life, especially the spiritual. Spiritual Insights from the New Science shows the links between this new science and our human spirituality and presents, in engaging, accessible language, the argument that the study of nature can lead to a better understanding of the deepest meaning of our lives.