We experience elasticity everywhere in daily life: in the straightening or curling of hairs, the irreversible deformations of car bodies after a crash, or the bouncing of elastic balls in ping-pong or soccer. The theory of elasticity is essential to the recent developments of applied and fundamental science, such as the bio-mechanics of DNA filaments and other macro-molecules, and the animation of virtual characters in computer graphics and materials science. In this book, the emphasis is on the elasticity of thin bodies (plates, shells, rods) in connection with geometry. It covers such topics as the mechanics of hairs (curled and straight), the buckling instabilities of stressed plates, including folds and conical points appearing at larger stresses, the geometric rigidity of elastic shells, and the delamination of thin compressed films. It applies general methods of classical analysis, including advanced nonlinear aspects (bifurcation theory, boundary layer analysis), to derive detailed, fully explicit solutions to specific problems. These theoretical concepts are discussed in connection with experiments. The book is self-contained. Mathematical prerequisites are vector analysis and differential equations. The book can serve as a concrete introduction to nonlinear methods in analysis.

The new edition of High-Conformal Gearing continues to address the kinematics and the geometry of conformal (Novikov) gearing and high-conformal gearing. The book deals with gears that feature convex-to-concave contact of the tooth flanks of a gear and a mating pinion. Gears of this type are commonly referred to as conformal gearings. Novikov gearing is the most widely known example of conformal gearing. The helical gearing by Wildhaber, Bramley-Moore (otherwise known as the Vivkers, Bostock, and Bramley gearing, or just V.B.B.-gearing), are well-known designs of gearing that are loosely referred to as conformal gearing. The principal differences between conformal gearing as well as high-conformal gearing and Wildhaber helical gearing are outlined. It also shows that Wildhaber helical gearing from one side, and Novikov gearing from another side, are two completely different gear systems that cannot be combined into a common gear system. This book aids mechanical, automotive, and robotics engineers specializing in gear design with successfully transmitting a rotation. It also serves as a resource for graduate students taking advanced courses in gear design.

High-Performance Materials from Bio-based Feedstocks The latest advancements in the production, properties, and performance of bio-based feedstock materials In High-Performance Materials from Bio-based Feedstocks, an accomplished team of researchers delivers a comprehensive exploration of recent developments in the research, manufacture, and application of advanced materials from bio-based feedstocks. With coverage of bio-based polymers, the inorganic components of biomass, and the conversion of biomass to advanced materials, the book illustrates the research and commercial potential of new technologies in the area. Real-life applications in areas as diverse as medicine, construction, synthesis, energy storage, agriculture, packaging, and food are discussed in the context of the structural properties of the materials used. The authors offer deep insights into materials production, properties, and performance. Perfect for chemists, environmental scientists, engineers, and materials scientists, High-Performance Materials from Bio-based Feedstocks will also earn a place in the libraries of academics, industrial researchers, and graduate students with an interest in biomass conversion, green chemistry, and sustainability. A thorough introduction to the latest developments in advanced bio-based feedstock materials research Comprehensive explorations of a vast range of real-world applications, from tissue scaffolds and drug delivery to batteries, sorbents, and controlled release fertilizers Practical discussions of the organic and inorganic components of biomass and the conversion of biomass to advanced materials In-depth examinations of the structural properties of commercially and academically significant biomass materials For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs

A comprehensive treatment on the use of quantitative modeling for decision making and best practices in the service industries

Making up a significant part of the world economy, the service sector is a rapidly evolving field that is relied on to dictate the public's satisfaction and success in various areas of everyday life, from banking and communications to education and healthcare. Service Science provides managers and students of the service industries with the quantitative skills necessary to model key decisions and performance metrics associated with services, including the management of resources, distribution of goods and services to customers, and the analysis and design of queueing systems.

The book begins with a brief introduction to the service sector followed by an introduction to optimization and queueing modeling, providing the methodological background needed to analyze service systems. Subsequent chapters present specific topics within service operations management, including: Location modeling and districtingResource allocation problemsShort- and long-term workforce managementPriority services, call center design, and customer schedulingInventory modelingVehicle routing

The author's own specialized software packages for location modeling, network optimization, and time-dependent queueing are utilized throughout the book, showing readers how to solve a variety of problems associated with service industries. These programs are freely available on the book's related web site along with detailed appendices and online spreadsheets that accompany the book's "How to Do It in Excel" sections, allowing readers to work hands-on with the presented techniques.

Extensively class-tested to ensure a comprehensive presentation, Service Science is an excellent book for industrial engineering and management courses on service operations at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. The book also serves as a reference for researchers in the fields of business, management science, operations research, engineering, and economics.

This book was named the 2010 Joint Publishers Book of the Year by the Institute of Industrial Engineers.

Solidification and Crystallization Processing in Metals and Alloys

Hasse Fredriksson "KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"

Ulla akerlind "University of Stockholm, Sweden"

Solidification or crystallization occurs when atoms are transformed from the disordered liquid state to the more ordered solid state, and is fundamental to metals processing. Conceived as a companion volume to the earlier works, "Materials Processing during Casting" (2006) and "Physics of Functional Materials" (2008), this book analyzes solidification and crystallization processes in depth.

Starting from the thermodynamic point of view, it gives a complete description, taking into account kinetics and mass transfer, down to the final structure. Importantly, the book shows the relationship between the theory and the experimental results. Topics covered include: Fundamentals of thermodynamics Properties of interfaces Nucleation Crystal growth - in vapours, liquids and melts Heat transport during solidification processes Solidification structures - faceted, dendritic, eutectic and peritectic Metallic glasses and amorphous alloy melts

"Solidification and Crystallization Processing in Metals and Alloys "features many solved examples in the text, and exercises (with answers) for students. Intended for Masters and PhD students as well as researchers in Materials Science, Engineering, Chemistry and Metallurgy, it is also a valuable resource for engineers in industry.

The objective of this work on the mechanics of aeronautical solids, materials and structures is to give an overview of the principles necessary for sizing of structures in the aeronautical field. It begins by introducing the classical notions of mechanics: stress, strain, behavior law, and sizing criteria, with an emphasis on the criteria specific to aeronautics, such as limit loads and ultimate loads. Methods of resolution are then presented, and in particular the finite element method. Plasticity is also covered in order to highlight its influence on the sizing of structures, and in particular its benefits for design criteria. Finally, the physics of the two main materials of aeronautical structures, namely aluminum and composite materials, is approached in order to clarify the sizing criteria stated in the previous chapters. Exercises, with detailed corrections, then make it possible for the reader to test their understanding of the different subjects.

In each generation, scientists must redefine their fields: abstracting, simplifying and distilling the previous standard topics to make room for new advances and methods. Sethna's book takes this step for statistical mechanics--a field rooted in physics and chemistry whose ideas and methods< br> are now central to information theory, complexity, and modern biology. Aimed at advanced undergraduates and early graduate students in all of these fields, Sethna limits his main presentation to the topics that future mathematicians and biologists, as well as physicists and chemists, will find< br> fascinating and central to their work. The amazing breadth of the field is reflected in the author's large supply of carefully crafted exercises, each an introduction to a whole field of study: everything from chaos through information theory to life at the end of the universe.

Chemometrics and Numerical Methods in LIBS A practical guide to the application of chemometric methods to solve qualitative and quantitative problems in LIBS analyses Chemometrics and Numerical Methods in LIBS, delivers an authoritative and practical exploration of the use of advanced chemometric methods to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) cases. The book discusses the fundamentals of chemometrics before moving on to solutions that can be applied to data analysis methods. It is a concise guide designed to help readers at all levels of knowledge solve commonly encountered problems in the field. The book includes three sections: LIBS information simplification, LIBS classification, and quantitative analysis by LIBS. Each section of the book is divided into a description of relevant techniques and practical examples of its applications. Contributors to this edited volume are the most recognized international experts on the chemometric techniques relevant to LIBS analysis. Chemometrics and Numerical Methods in LIBS also includes: A thorough introduction to the simplification of LIBS information, including principal component analysis, independent component analysis, and parallel factor analysis Comprehensive explorations of classification by LIBS, including spectral angle mapping, linear discriminant analysis, graph clustering, self-organizing maps, and artifical neural networks Practical discussions of linear methods for quantitative analysis by LIBS, including calibration curves, partial least squares regression, and limit of detection In-depth examinations of multivariate analysis and non-linear methods, including calibration-free LIBS, the non-linear Kalman filter, artificial and convolutional neural networks for quantification Relevant for researchers and PhD students seeking practical information on the application of advanced statistical methods to the analysis of LIBS spectra, Chemometrics and Numerical Methods in LIBS will also earn a place in the libraries of students taking courses involving LIBS spectro-analytical techniques

Multi-scale Theory and Computation, Volume 52, the latest release in the Advances in Applied Mechanics series, draws together recent, significant advances in various topics in applied mechanics. Published since 1948, the book aims to provide authoritative review articles on topics in the mechanical sciences. While the book is ideal for scientists and engineers working in various branches of mechanics, it is also beneficial to professionals who use the results of investigations in mechanics in various applications, such as aerospace, chemical, civil, environmental, mechanical and nuclear engineering.

3D PRINTING FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS Explore current and future perspectives of 3D printing for the fabrication of high value-added complex devices 3D Printing for Energy Applications delivers an insightful and cutting-edge exploration of the applications of 3D printing to the fabrication of complex devices in the energy sector. The book covers aspects related to additive manufacturing of functional materials with applicability in the energy sector. It reviews both the technology of printable materials and 3D printing strategies itself, and its use in energy devices or systems. Split into three sections, the book covers the 3D printing of functional materials before delving into the 3D printing of energy devices. It closes with printing challenges in the production of complex objects. It also presents an interesting perspective on the future of 3D printing of complex devices. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to 3D printing of functional materials, including metals, ceramics, and composites An exploration of 3D printing challenges for production of complex objects, including computational design, multimaterials, tailoring AM components, and volumetric additive manufacturing Practical discussions of 3D printing of energy devices, including batteries, supercaps, solar panels, fuel cells, turbomachinery, thermoelectrics, and CCUS Perfect for materials scientists, 3D Printing for Energy Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate students in engineering, chemistry, and material sciences seeking a one-stop reference for current and future perspectives on 3D printing of high value-added complex devices.

This book took shape at the unique interdisciplinary engineering school at Dartmouth College. It assumes engineers of all stripes may end up working in technical areas impacted by Nonlinear Optics (NLO) and would benefit by learning about the field. Each section follows a set format, beginning by describing some exciting new technology made possible by NLO. This is followed by a description of the background information necessary for students to understand the basic NLO concepts for that application. The author occasionally includes personal experiences as a pioneer in this field where it provides additional understanding and motivation. Each section ends with a description of other developments in technology that use the same NLO concept.

Nanocolloids for Petroleum Engineering Enables readers to understand nanocolloids in upstream operations in the oil industry from an applied and theoretical point of view Nanocolloids for Petroleum Engineering brings together the background, latest advances, and practical and theoretical information about nanocolloids for petroleum engineering in one comprehensive volume. The text is structured in such a way to allow readers to easily distinguish key points and quickly gain the expertise they need to become more effective in their respective disciplines. For practical purposes and to aid in seamless reader comprehension, experiences of service companies, general guidance, and problem solving exercises are included throughout the text. The highly qualified authors specifically present the subject as petroleum experts and use a niche industry point of view, which means petroleum, reservoir, and drilling engineers will be able to quickly understand and digest the information contained within. Sample topics covered in the work include: A brief introduction to and classification of colloid systems, describing the main properties of nanocolloids crucial for practical application in petroleum engineering Nanocolloids application in reservoir engineering and development, illustrating reservoir conditions necessary for nanocolloids formation Nanocolloid applications in production operations, including the mechanism of nanoscale dispersion phase impact on physical properties of conventional substances utilized in upstream processes Nanocolloid application in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and the impact of nanoparticles on conventional displacement agents Nanocolloids for Petroleum Engineering serves as a comprehensive reference work and standalone guide for petroleum engineers who are interested in gaining knowledge surrounding nanocolloids and harnessing that knowledge to aid in solving a wide variety of conventional challenges in the field.

This volume contains papers presented at the Materials Innovations in an Emerging Hydrogen Economy Conference in Februrary 2008 in Cocoa Beach, Florida. It provides a useful one-stop resource for understanding the most important issues in the research and applications of materials innovations. The text features logically organized and carefully selected articles, organized into: International Overviews; Hydrogen Storage; Hydrogen Production; Hydrogen Delivery; and Leakage Detection/Safety. This comprises an essential resource for industrial and academic chemists and engineers.

The boundary element method (BEM) is a modern numerical technique, which has enjoyed increasing popularity over the last two decades, and is now an established alternative to traditional computational methods of engineering analysis. The main advantage of the BEM is its unique ability to provide a complete solution in terms of boundary values only, with substantial savings in modelling effort.

This two volume book set is designed to provide the readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the boundary element method and its application to solving engineering problems. Each volume is a self-contained book including a substantial amount of material not previously covered by other text books on the subject. Volume 1 covers applications to heat transfer, acoustics, electrochemistry and fluid mechanics problems, while volume 2 concentrates on solids and structures, describing applications to elasticity, plasticity, elastodynamics, fracture mechanics and contact analysis. The early chapters are designed as a teaching text for final year undergraduate courses. Both volumes reflect the experience of the authors over a period of more than twenty years of boundary element research.

This volume, Applications in Solids and Structures, provides a comprehensive presentation of the BEM from fundamentals to advanced engineering applications and encompasses:

• Elasticity for 2D, 3D and plates and shells

• Non-linear, transient and thermal stress analysis

• Crack growth and multi-body contact mechanics

• Sensitivity analysis and optimisation

• Analysis of assembled structures.

Written by an internationally recognised authority in the field, this is essential reading for postgraduates, researchers and practitioners in aerospace, mechanical and civil engineering and applied mathematics.

VISCOPLASTIC FLOW IN SOLIDS PRODUCED BYSHEAR BANDING A complete overview of the topic of viscoplastic flow in solids produced by shear banding This book presents novel ideas about inelastic deformation and failure of solids in a clear, concise manner. It exposes readers to information that will allow them to acquire the competence and ability to deal with up-to-date manufacturing and failure processes. It also portrays a new understanding of deformation processes. Finally, shear banding's typical mechanism becomes the active cause of viscoplastic flow and not the -passive effect. Viscoplastic Flow in Solids Produced by Shear Banding begins by discussing the new physical model of multilevel hierarchy and the evolution of micro-shear bands. In conclusion, it examines the difficulties of applying a direct multiscale integration scheme and extends the representative volume element (RVE) concept using the general theory of the singular surfaces of the microscopic velocity field sweeping out the RVE. This book reveals a new formulation of the shear strain rate generated by the consecutive systems of shear bands in the workflow integration approach. This book: Presents fresh ideas about inelastic deformation and failure of materials Provides readers with the ability to deal with up-to-date manufacturing and failure processes Sheds light on the interdisciplinary view of deformation processes in solids Viscoplastic Flow in Solids Produced by Shear Banding will appeal to researchers studying physical foundations of inelastic behaviour and failure of solid materials, dealing with analysis and numerical simulations of manufacturing forming processes. It is also an excellent resource for graduate and postgraduate students of material science and mechanical engineering faculties.

Modern Vibrational Spectroscopy and Micro-Spectroscopy: Theory, Instrumentation and Biomedical Applications unites the theory and background of conventional vibrational spectroscopy with the principles of microspectroscopy. It starts with basic theory as it applies to small molecules and then expands it to include the large biomolecules which are the main topic of the book with an emphasis on practical experiments, results analysis and medical and diagnostic applications. This book is unique in that it addresses both the parent spectroscopy and the microspectroscopic aspects in one volume. Part I covers the basic theory, principles and instrumentation of classical vibrational, infrared and Raman spectroscopy. It is aimed at researchers with a background in chemistry and physics, and is presented at the level suitable for first year graduate students. The latter half of Part I is devoted to more novel subjects in vibrational spectroscopy, such as resonance and non-linear Raman effects, vibrational optical activity, time resolved spectroscopy and computational methods. Thus, Part 1 represents a short course into modern vibrational spectroscopy. Part II is devoted in its entirety to applications of vibrational spectroscopic techniques to biophysical and bio-structural research, and the more recent extension of vibrational spectroscopy to microscopic data acquisition. Vibrational microscopy (or microspectroscopy) has opened entirely new avenues toward applications in the biomedical sciences, and has created new research fields collectively referred to as Spectral Cytopathology (SCP) and Spectral Histopathology (SHP). In order to fully exploit the information contained in the micro-spectral datasets, methods of multivariate analysis need to be employed. These methods, along with representative results of both SCP and SHP are presented and discussed in detail in Part II.

In this clear and concise introduction to thermodynamics and statistical mechanics the reader, who will have some previous exposure to thermodynamics, will be guided through each of the two disciplines separately initially to provide an in-depth understanding of the area and thereafter the connection between the two is presented and discussed.
In addition, mathematical techniques are introduced at appropriate times, highlighting such use as: exact and inexact differentials, partial derivatives, Caratheodory's theorem, Legendre transformation, and combinatory analysis.
* Emphasis is placed equally on fundamentals and applications
* Several problems are included

Unique and comprehensive overview of the versatile applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy in chemistry and related fields Mössbauer Spectroscopy provides a comprehensive overview of applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy in different areas of chemistry, focusing on the applications that are relevant in the field and without extensively delving on the technique and its developments,. The book shows the versatility of Mössbauer spectroscopy in finding useful information on electronic structure, structural insights, and solid-state effects of chemical systems. To aid in reader comprehension and accessibility, contents are well-structured and divided in five different sections: Molecular Electronics, Energy, Life Sciences and Sustainable Development, Computation of Mössbauer Parameters and Chemistry of Nanomaterials. Edited by prominent scientists in the field and authored by a group of international experts, Mössbauer Spectroscopy covers sample topics such as: Size effect of intercalated cation on the charge transfer phase transition and ferromagnetism for iron mixed-valence systems 57Fe and 119Sn-Mössbauer probes for multifunctional cyano-bridged compounds and metal atom dynamics of Fe and Sn organometallics Relevance of Mössbauer spectroscopy to study new materials for Li-ion batteries and reforming catalysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy of catalysts Fe-N-C catalysts prepared with structure foaming agents and non-carbonaceous templates, and redox reactions in gleysols and the related role of bacteria With comprehensive coverage of the developments in the technique, Mössbauer Spectroscopy is a beneficial resource for researchers, professionals, and academics in chemistry related fields, such as material science, nanotechnology, energy, environment, life sciences, and molecular electronics.

Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, Quantifications and Applications is designed to explain the engineering aspects and physical principles of available AM technologies and their most relevant applications. It begins with a review of the recent developments in this technology and then progresses to a discussion of the criteria needed to successfully select an AM technology for the embodiment of a particular design, discussing material compatibility, interfaces issues and strength requirements. The book concludes with a review of the applications in various industries, including bio, energy, aerospace and electronics. This book will be a must read for those interested in a practical, comprehensive introduction to additive manufacturing, an area with tremendous potential for producing high-value, complex, individually customized parts. As 3D printing technology advances, both in hardware and software, together with reduced materials cost and complexity of creating 3D printed items, these applications are quickly expanding into the mass market.

The renewed interest in high-speed propulsion has led to increased activity in the development of the supersonic combustion ramjet engine for hypersonic flight applications. In the hypersonic regime the scramjet engine s specific thrust exceeds that of other propulsion systems. This book, written by a leading researcher, describes the processes and characteristics of the scramjet engine in a unified manner, reviewing both the theoretical and experimental research. The focus is on the phenomena that dictate the thermo-aerodynamic processes encountered in the scramjet engine, including component analyses and flowpath considerations; fundamental theoretical topics related to internal flow with chemical reactions and non-equilibrium effects, high-temperature gas dynamics, and hypersonic effects are included. Cycle and component analyses are further described, followed by flowpath examination. Finally, the book reviews the current experimental and theoretical capabilities and describes ground testing facilities and computational fluid dynamics facilities developed to date for the study of time-accurate, high-temperature aerodynamics.

Introduction to nanofluids--their properties, synthesis, characterization, and applications
Nanofluids are attracting a great deal of interest with their enormous potential to provide enhanced performance properties, particularly with respect to heat transfer. In response, this text takes you on a complete journey into the science and technology of nanofluids. The authors cover both the chemical and physical methods for synthesizing nanofluids, explaining the techniques for creating a stable suspension of nanoparticles. You get an overview of the existing models and experimental techniques used in studying nanofluids, alongside discussions of the challenges and problems associated with some of these models.
Next, the authors set forth and explain the heat transfer applications of nanofluids, including microelectronics, fuel cells, and hybrid-powered engines. You also get an introduction to possible future applications in large-scale cooling and biomedicine.
This book is the work of leading pioneers in the field, one of whom holds the first U.S. patent for nanofluids. They have combined their own first-hand knowledge with a thorough review of theliterature. Among the key topics are:
*
Synthesis of nanofluids, including dispersion techniques and characterization methods
*
Thermal conductivity and thermo-physical properties
*
Theoretical models and experimental techniques
*
Heat transfer applications in microelectronics, fuel cells, and vehicle engines

This text is written for researchers in any branch of science and technology, without any prerequisite.It therefore includes some basic information describing conduction, convection, and boiling of nanofluids for those readers who may not have adequate background in these areas. Regardless of your background, you'll learn to develop nanofluids not only as coolants, but also for a host ofnew applications on the horizon.

A multi-disciplinary, multi-industry overview of microbiologically influenced corrosion, with strategies for diagnosis and control or prevention

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion helps engineers and scientists understand and combat the costly failures that occur due to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). This book combines recent findings from diverse disciplines into one comprehensive reference. Complete with case histories from a variety of environments, it covers: Biofilm formation Causative organisms, relating bacteria and fungi to corrosion mechanisms for groups of metals Diagnosing and monitoring MIC Electrochemical techniques, with an overview of methods for detection of MIC The impact of alloying elements, including antimicrobial metals, and design features on MIC MIC of non-metallics Strategies for control or prevention of MIC, including engineering, chemical, and biological approaches

This is a valuable, all-inclusive reference for corrosion scientists, engineers, and researchers, as well as designers, managers, and operators.

DNA ORIGAMI Discover the impact and multidisciplinary applications of this subfield of DNA nanotechnology DNA origami refers to the technique of assembling single-stranded DNA template molecules into target two- and three-dimensional shapes at the nanoscale. This is accomplished by annealing templates with hundreds of DNA strands and then binding them through the specific base-pairing of complementary bases. The inherent properties of these DNA molecules--molecular recognition, self-assembly, programmability, and structural predictability--has given rise to intriguing applications from drug delivery systems to uses in circuitry in plasmonic devices. The first book to examine this important subfield, DNA Origami brings together leading experts from all fields to explain the current state and future directions of this cutting-edge avenue of study. The book begins by providing a detailed examination of structural design and assembly systems and their applications. As DNA origami technology is growing in popularity in the disciplines of chemistry, materials science, physics, biophysics, biology, and medicine, interdisciplinary studies are classified and discussed in detail. In particular, the book focuses on DNA origami used for creating new functional materials (combining chemistry and materials science; DNA origami for single-molecule analysis and measurements (as applied in physics and biophysics); and DNA origami for biological detection, diagnosis and therapeutics (medical and biological applications). DNA Origami readers will also find: A complete guide for newcomers that brings together fundamental and developmental aspects of DNA origami technology Contributions by a leading team of experts that bring expert views from different angles of the structural developments and applications of DNA origami An emerging and impactful research topic that will be of interest in numerous multidisciplinary areas A helpful list of references provided at the end of each chapter to give avenues for further study Given the wide scope found in this groundbreaking work, DNA Origami is a perfect resource for nanotechnologists, biologists, biophysicists, chemists, materials scientists, medical scientists, and pharmaceutical researchers.

Change and motion define and constantly reshape the world around us, on scales from the molecular to the global. In particular, the subtle interplay between chemical reactions and molecular transport gives rise to an astounding richness of natural phenomena, and often manifests itself in the emergence of intricate spatial or temporal patterns. The underlying theme of this book is that by "setting chemistry in motion" in a proper way, it is not only possible to discover a variety of new phenomena, in which chemical reactions are coupled with diffusion, but also to build micro-/nanoarchitectures and systems of practical importance. Although reaction and diffusion (RD) processes are essential for the functioning of biological systems, there have been only a few examples of their application in modern micro- and nanotechnology. Part of the problem has been that RD phenomena are hard to bring under experimental control, especially when the system's dimensions are small. Ultimately this book will guide the reader through all the aspects of these systems - from understanding the basics to practical hints and then to applications and interpretation of results. Topics covered include:* An overview and outlook of both biological and man-made reaction-diffusion systems.* The fundamentals and mathematics of diffusion and chemical reactions.* Reaction-diffusion equations and the methods of solving them.* Spatial control of reaction-diffusion at small scales.* Micro- and nanofabrication by reaction-diffusion.* Chemical clocks and periodic precipitation structures.* Reaction-diffusion in soft materials and at solid interfaces.* Microstructuring of solids using RD.* Reaction-diffusion for chemical amplification and sensing.* RD in three dimensions and at the nanoscale, including nanosynthesis. This book is aimed at all those who are interested in chemical processes at small scales, especially physical chemists, chemical engineers, and material scientists. The book can also be used for one-semester, graduate elective courses in chemical engineering, materials science, or chemistry classes.