Mimicking natural biochemical processes, click chemistry is a modular approach to organic synthesis, joining together small chemical units quickly, efficiently and predictably. In contrast to complex traditional synthesis, click reactions offer high selectivity and yields, near-perfect reliability and exceptional tolerance towards a wide range of functional groups and reaction conditions. These 'spring loaded' reactions are achieved by using a high thermodynamic driving force, and are attracting tremendous attention throughout the chemical community. Originally introduced with the focus on drug discovery, the concept has been successfully applied to materials science, polymer chemistry and biotechnology.

The first book to consider this topic," Click Chemistry for Biotechnology and Materials Science" examines the fundamentals of click chemistry, its application to the precise design and synthesis of macromolecules, and its numerous applications in materials science and biotechnology. The book surveys the current research, discusses emerging trends and future applications, and provides an important nucleation point for research.

Edited by one of the top 100 young innovators with the greatest potential to have an impact on technology in the 21st century according to Technology Review and with contributions from pioneers in the field, "Click Chemistry for Biotechnology and Materials Science" provides an ideal reference for anyone wanting to learn more about click reactions.

This book deals with the application of modern control theory to some important underactuated mechanical systems. It presents modelling and control of the following systems:- the inverted pendulum- a convey-crane system- the pendubot system- the Furuta pendulum- the inertia wheel pendulum- the planar flexible-joint robot- the planar manipulator with two prismatic and one revolute joints- the ball & beam system- the hovercraft model- the planar vertical and take-off landing (PVTOL) aircraft- the helicopter model on a platform- the helicopter modelIn every case the model is obtained in detail using either the Euler-Lagrange formulation or the Newton's second law. We develop control algorithms for every particular system using techniques such as passivity, energy-based Lyapunov functions, forwarding, backstepping or feedback linearization techniques. This book will be of great value for PhD students and researchers in the areas of non-linear control systems, mechanical systems, robotics and control of helicopters. It will help the reader gain experience in the modelling of mechanical systems and familiarize with new control methods for non-linear systems.

Engineering is the application of science and mathematics to achieve useful objectives for the benefit of society. Typically, the goal of an engineering education is to effectively pass on to students knowledge in the application of science and mathematics to solve engineering problems. A number of resources are available for design engineers, but until now, there has never been a single comprehensive resource specific to ceramic applications.

This book elucidates how Finite Element methods look like from the perspective of Green's functions, and shows new insights into the mathematical theory of Finite Elements. Practically, this new view on Finite Elements enables the reader to better assess solutions of standard programs and to find better model of a given problem.
The book systematically introduces the basic concepts how Finite Elements fulfill the strategy of Green's functions and how approximating of Green's functions. It discusses in detail the discretization error and shows that are coherent with the strategy of "goal oriented refinement." The book also gives much attention to the dependencies of FE solutions from the parameter set of the model."

It is with great pleasure that I offer my reflections on Professor Anthony N. Michel's retirement from the University of Notre Dame. I have known Tony since 1984 when he joined the University of Notre Dame's faculty as Chair of the Depart ment of Electrical Engineering. Tony has had a long and outstanding career. As a researcher, he has made im portant contributions in several areas of systems theory and control theory, espe cially stability analysis of large-scale dynamical systems. The numerous awards he received from the professional societies, particularly the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), are a testament to his accomplishments in research. He received the IEEE Control Systems Society's Best Transactions Paper Award (1978), and the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society's Guillemin-Cauer Prize Paper Award (1984) and Myril B. Reed Outstanding Paper Award (1993), among others. In addition, he was a Fulbright Scholar (1992) and received the Alexander von Hum boldt Forschungspreis (Alexander von Humboldt Research Award for Senior U.S. Scientists) from the German government (1997). To date, he has written eight books and published over 150 archival journal papers. Tony is also an effective administrator who inspires high academic standards."

The time delays in controllers and actuators can either deteriorate or improve the dynamic performance of a controlled mechanical system. Thus, it is desirable to gain an insight into the effect of time delays on the dynamics of a practical system in its design phase. This monograph represents the recent advances in system modeling, analysis of stability, robust stability and bifurcation by using some new mathematical tools such as generalized Sturm criterion and Dixon's resultant elimination of polynomials. The theoretical results are demonstrated through a number of examples of active vehicle chassis, structure control, as well as the control of chaos of mechanical systems.

Ceramics always was a broad field and now as the Like my predecessor I have provided only defini boundaries continue to expand it is one of the truly tions. No effort has been made to include pronuncia interdisciplinary areas. This publication, in its re tion, derivations, or syllabication of entries. A large vised form, must reflect this. The trend is toward number of acronyms and abbreviations have been more utilization of ceramics as integrated materials included. The text is in fact somewhat hybrid because together with polymers, metals, and other ceramics, many of the entries appear similar to those in an for both structural and electronic applications. Thus, encyclopedia while struggling to remain concise. new fabrication technology is providing the new Reemphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of mod vocabulary of this growth; areas like thin-film proc em ceramics, and the varied backgrounds of those essing, sol-gel techniques, as used by the electronics who are interested in or work in the industry, striking industry; fiber forming, weaving, and ultrahigh vac a balance between the many allied disciplines con uum and temperature methods must be included in a tributing to ceramics and the hope of being compre glossary of vocabulary purporting to deal with ce hensive but yet concise has been a difficult task. I ramics and their science."

This volume is a compilation of contributions in applied mechanics, dealing with both solid and fluid mechanics. The contributions are based on material presented at the national mechanics congress held in the Netherlands during November 16--18, 1992. The scope of the volume covers both theoretical and applied issues, including the following themes: Experimental mechanics, how to use modern electronic equipment, optical techniques and software tools to measure strain, stress, displacements, forces, etc. in both fluids and solids. The analysis of localised effects on stiffness, strength and stability of structures, like dikes, bridges, roads, and all public works necessary to improve among other things the navigability of canals and rivers. The analysis of damage processes in concrete and fiber reinforced polymers and the quest to make such processes accessible by numerical computation. The analysis of localised effects on fluid flow, leading to more understanding of the origin of the different colours of musical tones and human speech, but also to more understanding of the pulsating flow of blood through complicated shaped arteries and drag reduction in turbulent flow through pipes or along walls, as a result of small sized surface grooves or the addition of a very small amount of polymer to liquids. The investigation of non-linearities in the behaviour of dynamic systems such as manipulators, railway vehicles, etc. Micromechanics and constitutive equations. In order to describe complex material behaviour understanding of momentum and heat transport on almost the molecular level is needed. This emphasizes the importance of micromechanics in relation to the ultimate strength of compositematerials, ranging from fiber reinforced plastics up to very high temperature resistant ceramics toughened by thin hairlike crystals of exceptional mechanical strength. Fluid-structure interactions, such as occur in non-rigid pipelines and artery systems.

Rigorous presentation of Mathematical Homogenization Theory is the subject of numerous publications. This book, however, is intended to fill the gap in the analytical and numerical performance of the corresponding asymptotic analysis of the static and dynamic behaviors of heterogenous systems. Numerous concrete applications to composite media, heterogeneous plates and shells are considered. A lot of details, numerical results for cell problem solutions, calculations of high-order terms of asymptotic expansions, boundary layer analysis etc., are included.

This work treats structural and continuum mechanics in a unified and consistent manner.

All theoretical developments are presented both in the text and by means of an extensive set of figures. Text and figures complement each other, and this twofold presentation is also used in the examples. Volume 2 covers stresses and strains in simple elements subjected to extension, bending, shear and torsion. For elementary structures like trusses, beams and frames, displacements due to simple loads are obtained using both classical mathematical descriptions with differential equations and engineering methods like Williot diagrams for (simple) trusses and "forget-me-nots" and moment-area formulae for bending.

This book contains a selection of papers presented at APME '99 ( Third International Symposium on Advanced Polymers via Macromolecular Engineering --- Colonial Williamsburg, VA, USA, July/August 1999).
The book focuses on the synthesis of targeted polymers with specific properties using macromolecular architecture. Various controlled polymerization techniques such as ionic, metathesis and recently developed 'living'/controlled polymerization and some of their combinations are covered.
Polymers with different topologies such as block and graft copolymers, hyper branched polymers, heteroarm polymers, dentrimers, segmented networks and supramolecular systems are presented with emphasis on the special characteristics that influence their amphiphilic, liquid crystalline, complexation, thermo- and photosensitive and catalytic properties. The uses of such macromolecular structures in various fields such as surface modifiers, catalysts and coating and biomedical applications are also discussed.

Mining the Earth's Heat: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy describes the work carried out by the Los Alamos National Laboratory to turn an idealistic concept - that of drawing useful amounts of energy from the vast underground store of hot rock at reachable depths - into a practical reality. This book provides comprehensive documentation of the over two decades of experiments carried out at the test site at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, where the feasibility of accessing and extracting this vast natural resource was finally demonstrated. It also discusses the numerous technical, administrative, and financial hurdles that had to be overcome along the way. This publication will no doubt prove invaluable to researchers around the world as they strive to move this now-proven technology toward commercial viability. In addition, it is a valuable source of relevant information for anyone interested in the world energy outlook for the 21st century and beyond.

This volume presents the foundations of carbon nanotube science, reviewing recent developments and prospects for practical application. Each chapter summarizes relevant concepts from physics, chemistry or materials science, followed by detailed reports on topics including polymorphism and mircostructure of carbon; synthesis and growth; structural analysis by electron microscopy; spectroscopic methods; electronic structure; transport; mechanical and surface properties of nanotubes and composites.

To develop innovations in quantum engineering and nanosystems, designers need to adopt the expertise that has been developed in research laboratories. This requires a thorough understanding of the experimental measurement techniques and theoretical models, based on the principles of quantum mechanics. This book presents experimental methods enabling the development and characterization of materials at the nanometer scale, based on practical engineering cases, such as 5G and the interference of polarized light when applied for electromagnetic waves. Using the example of electromechanical, multi-physical coupling in piezoelectric systems, smart materials technology is discussed, with an emphasis on scale reduction and mechanical engineering applications. Statistical analysis methods are presented in terms of their usefulness in systems engineering for experimentation, characterization or design, since safety factors and the most advanced reliability calculation techniques are included from the outset. This book provides valuable support for teachers and researchers but is also intended for engineering students, working engineers and Master s students.

This book is an outcome of the third Herbertov Workshop on "interactions of railway vehicles with the track and its substructure" at Herbertov, Czech Republic. It proposes an appropriate model for the dynamic behaviour of the track and its substructure.

The proceedings of the 2nd International Scale Effects in Rock Masses, held in Lisbon, June 25, 1993. The text includes coverage of scale effects in the determination of the deformability and strength of rock masses and scale effects in the determination of internal rock masses.

This book covers the applications of biopolymers in the various fields of engineering where biopolymers are being employed. Included are chapters on applications of biopolymers in biotechnology, in construction and civil engineering, in tissue engineering, dairy technology, packaging, and more. Covered in these chapters are in-depth discussions on the fundamentals of biopolymers, such as synthesis, fabrication technologies and properties. This book also focuses on the applications of biopolymers in the construction, electronics, mechanical engineering, sensing, textiles, tissue engineering, and bio engineering. Readers will find comprehensive knowledge on the life cycled analysis, biodegradability, and advances in the field of bio polymers.

Micromechanics provides a link between the structure and the properties at different scales of observation. This book deals with micromechanical analysis of interfaces and interface layers and presents several modelling tools. These range from the rigorous method of asymptotic expansions to practical finite element simulations, suitable for this class of problems. The corresponding two parts of the book are self-contained, so they can be read separately.

This book presents thermodynamic data on oxides in the system MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2. These data are produced by a process of assessment that involves the integration of thermochemical (calorimetric) and phase equilibrium data. The latter have been selected from a number of publications in high-pressure research conducted at pressures and temperatures in the range of 1 bar to several Giga Pascals and 300 to 2500 K respectively. A unique feature of the database is that the assessment involves not only the thermodynamic data on pure end member species, but also the data on multicomponent solutions. Since the solution description follows the format used in the popular thermodynamic computational packages such as FACTSAGE, ChemSage and Thermocalc, the database is easy to incorporate in the currently used databases in these packages. The database is highly useful to those working in the field of metallurgy (e.g. slags) and ceramics. It is essential for all those who do thermodynamic modeling of the terrestrial planetary interiors.

Fundamentals of Additive Manufacturing for the Practitioner Discover how to shift from traditional to additive manufacturing processes with this core resource from industry leaders Fundamentals of Additive Manufacturing for the Practitioner delivers a vital examination of the methods and techniques needed to transition from traditional to additive manufacturing. The book explains how traditional manufacturing work roles change as various industries move into additive manufacturing and describes the flow of the typical production process in additive manufacturing. Detailed explorations of the processes, inputs, machine and build preparation, post-processing, and best practices are included, as well as real-world examples of the principles discussed within. Every chapter includes a problems and opportunities section that prompts readers to apply the book's techniques to their own work. Diagrams and tables are distributed liberally throughout the work to present concepts visually, and key options and decisions are highlighted to assist the reader in understanding how additive manufacturing changes traditional workflows. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of A thorough introduction on how to move into additive manufacturing, including the identification of a manufacturing opportunity and its characteristics An exploration of how to determine if additive manufacturing is the right solution, with descriptions of the origins of additive manufacturing and the current state of the technology An examination of the materials used in additive manufacturing, including polymers, composites, metals, plasters, and biomaterials A discussion of choosing an additive manufacturing technology and process Perfect for mechanical engineers, manufacturing professionals, technicians, and designers new to additive manufacturing, Fundamentals of Additive Manufacturing for the Practitioner will also earn a place in the libraries of technical, vocational, and continuing education audiences seeking to improve their skills with additive manufacturing workflows.

Project Management Metrics, KPIs, and Dashboards Enables readers to easily understand and implement essential strategies on measuring project management performance Project Management Metrics, KPIs, and Dashboards provides complete coverage of what metrics and KPIs are and how to use them effectively, offering comprehensive coverage of the different dashboard types, design issues, and applications that -readers may come across during practical application of the concepts. To aid in seamless reader comprehension, the work includes full-color dashboards from some of the most successful project management companies. As a modern resource, the work aligns with PMI's PMBOK(R) Guide and stresses value-driven project management. Written by the leading authority in the field, sample topics covered in the work are as follows: Stakeholder relations management, effective metric measurements, selecting the right project metrics, innovation metrics, and how to become and stay agile Comparing traditional and nontraditional projects, defining complexity, decision making, fluid methodologies, global project management, and project management methodologies/frameworks Customer relations management, a new look at defining project success, and why customer satisfaction must always be considered Scope creep, scope creep dependencies, causes of scope creep, the business side of scope creep, and ways to minimize scope creep For project managers across all industries, Project Management Metrics, KPIs, and Dashboards is a valuable resource on the subject that will bolster your awareness of what good metrics management really entails and arm you with the important knowledge needed to measure and communicate performance more effectively.

ASPEN PLUS(R) Comprehensive resource covering Aspen Plus V12.1 and demonstrating how to implement the program in versatile chemical process industries Aspen Plus(R) Chemical Engineering Applications facilitates the process of learning and later mastering Aspen Plus(R), the market-leading chemical process modeling software, with step-by-step examples and succinct explanations. The text enables readers to identify solutions to various process engineering problems via screenshots of the Aspen Plus(R) platforms in parallel with the related text. To aid in information retention, the text includes end-of-chapter problems and term project problems, online exam and quiz problems for instructors that are parametrized (i.e., adjustable) so that each student will have a standalone version, and extra online material for students, such as Aspen Plus(R)-related files, that are used in the working tutorials throughout the entire textbook. The second edition of Aspen Plus(R) Chemical Engineering Applications includes information on: Various new features that were embedded into Aspen Plus V12.1 and existing features which have been modified Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM), covering basic features to show how to merge customized models into Aspen Plus simulator New updates to process dynamics and control and process economic analysis since the first edition was published Vital areas of interest in relation to the software, such as polymerization, drug solubility, solids handling, safety measures, and energy saving For chemical engineering students and industry professionals, the second edition of Aspen Plus(R) Chemical Engineering Applications is a key resource for understanding Aspen Plus and the new features that were added in version 12.1 of the software. Many supplementary learning resources help aid the reader with information retention.

A thorough and up-to-date introduction to solid-state sensors, materials, fabrication processes, and applications Solid-State Sensors provides a comprehensive introduction to the field, covering fundamental principles, underlying theories, sensor materials, fabrication technologies, current and possible future applications, and more. Presented in a clear and accessible format, this reader-friendly textbook describes the fundamentals and classification of all major types of solid-state sensors, including piezoresistive, capacitive, thermometric, optical bio-chemical, magnetic, and acoustic-based sensors. Throughout the text, the authors offer insight into how different solid-state methods complement each other as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages in relation to specific devices and a variety of state-of-the-art applications. Detailed yet concise chapters include numerous visual illustrations and comparative tables of different subtypes of sensors for a given application. With in-depth discussion of recent developments, current research, and key challenges in the field of solid-state sensors, this volume: Describes solid-state sensing parameters and their importance in sensor characterization Explores possible future applications and breakthroughs in associated fields of research Covers the fundamental principles and relevant equations of sensing phenomena Discusses promising smart materials that have the potential for sensing applications Includes an overview of the history, classification, and terminology of sensors With well-balanced coverage of the fundamentals of sensor design, current and emerging applications, and the most recent research developments in the field, Solid-State Sensors is an excellent textbook for advanced students and professionals in disciplines such as Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, and Biomedical Engineering.