This book provides an overview of new mathematical models, computational simulations and experimental tests in the field of biomedical technology, and covers a wide range of current research and challenges. The first part focuses on the virtual environment used to study biological systems at different scales and under multiphysics conditions. In turn, the second part is devoted to modeling and computational approaches in the field of cardiovascular medicine, e.g. simulation of turbulence in cardiovascular flow, modeling of artificial textile-reinforced heart valves, and new strategies for reducing the computational cost in the fluid-structure interaction modeling of hemodynamics. The book's last three parts address experimental observations, numerical tests, computational simulations, and multiscale modeling approaches to dentistry, orthopedics and otology. Written by leading experts, the book reflects the remarkable advances that have been made in the field of medicine, the life sciences, engineering and computational mechanics over the past decade, and summarizes essential tools and methods (such as virtual prototyping of medical devices, advances in medical imaging, high-performance computing and new experimental test devices) to enhance medical decision-making processes and refine implant design. The contents build upon the International Conference on Biomedical Technology 2015 (ICTB 2015), the second ECCOMAS thematic conference on Biomedical Engineering, held in Hannover, Germany in October 2015.

This book, cohesively written by an expert author with supreme breadth and depth of perspective on polyurethanes, provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of the science and technology on one of the most commonly produced plastics. Covers the applications, manufacture, and markets for polyurethanes, and discusses analytical methods, reaction mechanisms, morphology, and synthetic routes Provides an up-to-date view of the current markets and trend analysis based on patent activity and updates chapters to include new research Includes two new chapters on PU recycling and PU hybrids, covering the opportunities and challenges in both

Written by an eminent authority in the field, Modelling of Mechanical Systems: Fluid-Structure Interaction is the third in a series of four self-contained volumes suitable for practitioners, academics and students alike in engineering, physical sciences and applied mechanics. The series skilfully weaves a theoretical and pragmatic approach to modelling mechanical systems and to analysing the responses of these systems. The study of fluid-structure interactions in this third volume covers the coupled dynamics of solids and fluids, restricted to the case of oscillatory motions about a state of static equilibrium. Physical and mathematical aspects of modelling these mechanisms are described in depth and illustrated by numerous worked out exercises.
- Written by a world authority in the field in a clear, concise and accessible style
- Comprehensive coverage of mathematical techniques used to perform computer-based analytical studies and numerical simulations
- A key reference for mechanical engineers, researchers and graduate students

Inthecourseofthelast?ftyyears, developmentsinnonsmoothana- sisandnonsmoothmechanicshaveoftenbeencloselylinked. Thepresent book acts as an illustration of this. Its objective is two-fold. It is of course intended to help to di?use the recent results obtained by various renownedspecialists. ButthereisanequaldesiretopayhomagetoJean Jacques Moreau, who is undoubtedly the most emblematic ?gure in the correlated, not to say dual, advances in these two ?elds. Jean Jacques Moreau appears as a rightful heir to the founders of di?erential calculus and mechanics through the depth of his thinking in the ?eld of nonsmooth mechanics and the size of his contribution to the development of nonsmooth analysis. His interest in mechanics has focused on a wide variety of subjects: singularities in ?uid ?ows, the initiation of cavitation, plasticity, and the statics and dynamics of gr- ular media. The 'Ariadne's thread' running throughout is the notion of unilateral constraint. Allied to this is his investment in mathematics in the ?elds of convex analysis, calculus of variations and di?erential m- sures. When considering these contributions, regardless of their nature, one cannot fail to be struck by their clarity, discerning originality and elegance. Precision and rigor of thinking, clarity and elegance of style are the distinctive features of his work.

Multibody Mechanics and Visualization appeals to computer-savvy students who will acquire significant skills in mathematical and physical modelling of mechanical systems in the process of producing attractive computer simulations and animations.

The approachable style and clear presentation of this text will help readers grasp the essentials of: modeling the kinematics and dynamics of arbitrary multibody mechanisms; formulating a mathematical description of general motions of such mechanisms; implementing the description in a computer-graphics application for the animation/visualization of the movement.

Supported in the text in parallel with the theoretical presentation is the simulation and animation application Mambo.

The Mambo toolbox enables you to provide these specifications for mechanisms that would pose insurmountable algebraic challenges to manual calculation. Mambo works with the widely operated Maple mathematical software that can be downloaded from the Web and enables students to visualize the mechanical systems described in the text.

Heat is a branch of thermodynamics that occupies a unique position due to its involvement in the field of practice. Being linked to the management, transport and exchange of energy in thermal form, it impacts all aspects of human life and activity. Heat transfers are, by nature, classified as conduction, convection (which inserts conduction into fluid mechanics) and radiation. The importance of these three transfer methods has resulted - justifiably - in a separate volume being afforded to each of them. This first volume is dedicated to thermal conduction, and, importantly, assumes an analytical approach to the problems presented, and recalls the fundamentals. Heat Transfer 1 combines a basic approach with a deeper understanding of the discipline and will therefore appeal to a wide audience, from technician to engineer, from doctoral student to teacher-researcher.

This book is devoted to the basic variational principles of mechanics, namely the Lagrange--Da (TM)Alembert differential variational principle and the Hamilton integral variational principle. These two variational principles form the basis of contemporary analytical mechanics, and from them the body of classical dynamics can be deductively derived as a part of physical theory.

In recent years variational techniques have evolved as powerful tools for the study of linear and nonlinear problems in conservative and nonconservative dynamical systems, as is emphasized in this book. Presented here are a wide range of possibilities for applying variational principles to numerous problems in analytical mechanics, including the Noether Theorem for finding conservation laws of conservative and nonconservative dynamical systems, the application of the Hamilton--Jacobi and field methods suitable for nonconservative dynamical systems, the variational approach to modern optimal control theory, and the application of variational methods to the stability and optimization of elastic rod theory.

Mathematical prerequisites are kept to a minimum, and the exposition is intended to be suggestive rather than mathematically rigorous. Each chapter begins with widely understood mathematical principles and unfolds systematically toward more advanced topics. Examples and novel applications are presented throughout to clarify and enhance the theory.

An Introduction to Modern Variational Techniques in Mechanics and Engineering will serve a broad audience of students, researchers, and professionals in analytical mechanics, applied variational calculus, optimal control, physics, and mechanical and aerospaceengineering. The book may be used in graduate and senior undergraduate dynamics courses in engineering, applied mathematics, and physics departments, or it may also serve as a self-study reference text.

This book is a crash course in the fundamental theory, concepts, and terminology of switching power supplies. It is designed to quickly prepare engineers to make key decisions about power supplies for their projects.
Intended for readers who need to quickly understand the key points of switching power supplies, this book covers the 20% of the topic that engineers use, 80% of the time.
Unlike existing switching power supply books that deal strictly with design issues, this book also recognizes the growing importance of "off-the-shelf" commercial switching power supplies, giving readers the background necessary to select the right commercial supply.
This book covers the core essentials of power supply theory and design while keeping mathematics to the absolute minimum necessary. Special attention is given to the selection of appropriate components, such as inductors and transformers, to ensure safe and reliable operation. Engineers, whose main design responsibilities are in other areas, will better understand the strengths and weaknesses of switching power supplies and whether such supplies are appropriate for their projects. They will be able to give more meaningful design requirements and specifications to those who design switching power supplies.
* Discusses both AC line supplies and DC-DC inverters.
* Covers the main switching power supply designs, including flyback, forward conversion, bridge, buch, boost, and boost/buck topologies.
* Design examples include a 220 volt offline switching power supply and a 110 volt uninterruptible supply.

This book deals with the management of calculations in linear and nonlinear mechanics. Particular attention is given to error estimators and indicators for structural analysis. The accent is on the concept of error in constitutive relation. An important part of the work is also devoted to the utilization of the error estimators involved in a calculation, beginning with the parameters related to the mesh.

Many of the topics are taken from the most recent research by the authors: local error estimators, extention of the concept of error in constitutive relation to nonlinear evolution problems and dynamic problems, adaptive improvement of calculations in nonlinear mechanics.

This work is intended for all those interested in mechanics: students, researchers and engineers concerned with the construction of models as well as their simulation for industrial purposes.

The theory of random processes is an integral part of the analysis and synthesis of complex engineering systems. This textbook systematically presents the fundamentals of statistical dynamics and reliability theory. The theory of Markovian processes used during the analysis of random dynamic processes in mechanical systems is described in detail. Examples are machines, instruments and structures loaded with perturbations. The reliability and lifetime of those objects depend on how properly these perturbations are taken into account. Random vibrations with finite and infinite numbers of degrees of freedom are analyzed as well as the theory and numerical methods of non-stationary processes under the conditions of statistical indeterminacy. This textbook is addressed to students and post-graduates of technical universities. It can also be useful to lecturers and mechanical engineers, including designers in different industries.

The analysis and simulation of multifield problems have recently become one of the most actual and vivid areas of research. Although the individual subproblems of complex technical and physical phenomena often are understood separately, their interaction and coupling create not only new difficulties but also a complete new level and quality of interacting coupled field problems. Presented by leading experts this book includes recent results in these fields from the International Conference on Multifield Problems, April 8-10, 2002 at the University of Stuttgart, Germany.

Now in one volume-all the raw materials used in the ceramic and glass industries

A basic understanding of where raw materials come from and how they are processed is critical to attaining consistent raw material batches-an essential factor to maintaining steady production. The solution is "Raw Materials for Glass and Ceramic"s, a complete resource of up-to-date information and analysis on the raw materials used in the glass and ceramic industries.

"Raw Materials for Glass and Ceramics" presents all classes of materials, the roles they play, their sources and extraction processes, and quality control issues and regulations impacting the industry, as well as:

• A thorough description of the formation and evaluation of raw material deposits and location of the important sources
• Complete analysis of all the raw materials used in the ceramic and glass industries, including natural, processed, recycled, and synthetic materials
• An explanation of the raw materials industry, including transportation, environmental and health concerns, and quality specifications

This comprehensive handbook provides a complete and updated overview of filter media. From classification to performance date to practical selection tables.

The subject of vibrations is of fundamental importance in engineering and technology. Discrete modelling is sufficient to understand the dynamics of many vibrating systems; however a large number of vibration phenomena are far more easily understood when modelled as continuous systems. The theory of vibrations in continuous systems is crucial to the understanding of engineering problems in areas as diverse as automotive brakes, overhead transmission lines, liquid filled tanks, ultrasonic testing or room acoustics.

Starting from an elementary level, "Vibrations and Waves in Continuous Mechanical Systems" helps develop a comprehensive understanding of the theory of these systems and the tools with which to analyse them, before progressing to more advanced topics.

Presents dynamics and analysis techniques for a wide range of continuous systems including strings, bars, beams, membranes, plates, fluids and elastic bodies in one, two and three dimensions.Covers special topics such as the interaction of discrete and continuous systems, vibrations in translating media, and sound emission from vibrating surfaces, among others. Develops the reader's understanding by progressing from very simple results to more complex analysis without skipping the key steps in the derivations.Offers a number of new topics and exercises that form essential steppingstones to the present level of research in the field.Includes exercises at the end of the chapters based on both the academic and practical experience of the authors.

"Vibrations and Waves in Continuous Mechanical Systems" provides a first course on the vibrations of continuous systems that will be suitable for students of continuous system dynamics, at senior undergraduate and graduate levels, in mechanical, civil and aerospace engineering. It will also appeal to researchers developing theory and analysis within the field.

Who hasn't dreamed of seeing matter transformed in a way that suits you? This is the goal of 4D printing, using materials that can change in terms of shape and property under the effect of energy stimulation. From the description of the actions and actuators, the authors show the weaknesses that limit the industrialization of 4D printing processes; these are the modes of energy stimulation. To prepare for the future, two chapters are introduced: "Material-Process Duality in Industrial 4D Printing" and "How to Approach 4D Printing in Design". If the capture and reuse of 4D printing knowledge is necessary for this objective, the conclusion leaves the existing myth around the 4D printing theme and proposes a "draft" roadmap that should be the subject of reflection and scientific debate on a concept that is still immature, but full of promise.

This concise, fast-paced text introduces the concepts and applications behind plane networks. It presents fundamental material from linear algebra and differential equations, and offers several different applications of the continuous theory. Practical problems, supported by MATLAB files, underscore the theory; additional material can be downloaded from the author's website.

This book analyzes scientific problems within the history of physics, engineering, chemistry, astronomy and medicine, correlated with technological applications in the social context. When and how is tension between disciplines explicitly practised? What is the conceptual bridge between science researches and the organization of technological researches in the development of industrial applications? The authors explain various ways in which the sciences allowed advanced modelling on the one hand, and the development of new technological ideas on the other hand. An emphasis on the role played by mechanisms, production methods and instruments bestows a benefit on historical and scientific discourse: theories, institutions, universities, schools for engineers, social implications as well. Scholars from different traditions discuss the emergency style of thinking in methodology and, in theoretical perspective, aim to gather and re-evaluate the current thinking on this subject. It brings together contributions from leading experts in the field, and gives much-needed insight into the subject from a historical point of view. The volume composition makes for absorbing reading for historians, philosophers and scientists.

Nontraditional machining utilizes thermal, chemical, electrical, mechanical and optimal sources of energy to bind, form and cut materials. Advanced Analysis of Nontraditional Machining explains in-depth how each of these advanced machining processes work, their machining system components, and process variables and industrial applications, thereby offering advanced knowledge and scientific insight. This book also documents the latest and frequently cited research results of a few key nonconventional machining processes for the most concerned topics in industrial applications, such as laser machining, electrical discharge machining, electropolishing of die and mold, and wafer processing for integrated circuit manufacturing.

This book presents a basic introduction to micromechanisms and microactuators, particularly to their basic configurations and design. This book fills the persisting gap in the published literature on the mechanical manipulative aspects of micromechanisms. It also helps in offering specialized introductory courses on micromechanisms and microactuators not as part of MEMS sensing devices, but as mechanical manipulative systems. The level of the book is suitable for use in both undergraduate and introductory graduate programmes. The book presents an overview of miniaturization and scaling laws, basic design principles of micro-sized mechanisms and actuators, micro-fabrication processes, and some futuristic issues. The volume contains a large number of figures and illustrations for easy understanding by the readers. It will also be useful to researchers and professionals looking for an introduction to the topic.

1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures In-depth discussion on the physics, chemistry, and engineering beneath the construction of 1D semiconducting hybrid materials 1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures: Synthesis and Applications in Gas Sensing and Optoelectronics provides breakthrough research developments and trends in a variety of 1D hybrid nanostructures for chemi-resistive gas sensors and optoelectronics applications, including recent investigations and developments regarding the innovative designing approaches, fabrications, and methods used to characterize these hybrid nanostructures. The text also includes the surface and interface properties of 1D hybrid semiconducting nanostructured materials, as well as their optimization for applications in gas sensing and optoelectronics. This book further addresses the different issues of sensitivity, selectivity, and operating temperature of gas sensors based on hybrid 1D nanostructures. Moreover, it covers the novel and additional functional optoelectronic properties that originate at the interface of 1D semiconducting nanostructures combined with other low dimensional materials. Some of the specific sample topics covered in this book include: Gas sensing and optoelectronic applications of one-dimensional semiconducting hybrid nanostructures, plus synthesis and gas sensing application of 1D semiconducting hybrid nanostructures Room temperature gas sensing properties of metal oxide nanowire/graphene hybrid structures and highly sensitive room temperature gas sensors based on organic-inorganic nanofibers Synthesis and applications of 1D hybrid tin oxide nanostructures and recent advances in semiconducting nanowires-based hybrid structures for solar application Types of semiconducting hybrid nanostructures for optoelectronic devices and hybrid 1D semiconducting ZnO/GaN nanostructures Thanks to its comprehensive coverage of the subject from highly qualified authors who have significant experience in the field, 1D Semiconducting Hybrid Nanostructures is a must-have reference for senior undergraduate and graduate students, professionals, researchers, in the field of semiconductor physics, materials science, surface science, and chemical engineering.

This monograph, addressing researchers as well as engineers, is devoted to nonclassical thermoelastic modelling of the nonlinear dynamics of shells. Differential equations of different dimensionality and different type have to be combined and nonlinearities of different geometrical, physical or elasto-plastic categories are addressed. Special emphasis is given to the Bubnov--Galerkin method. It can be applied to many problems in the theory of plates and shells, even those with very complex geometries, holes and various boundary conditions. The authors made every effort to keep the text intelligible for both practitioners and graduate students, although they offer a rigorous treatment of both purely mathematical and numerical approaches presented so that the reader can understand, analyse and track the nonlinear dynamics of spatial systems (shells) with thermomechanical behaviours.

This two-volume work mainly addresses undergraduate and gra- duate students in the engineering sciences and applied ma- thematics. Hence it focuses on partial differential equati- ons with a strong emphasis on illustrating important appli- cations in mechanics. The presentation considers the general derivation of partial differential equations and the formu- lation of consistent boundary and initial conditions requi- red to develop well-posed mathematical statements of pro- blems in mechanics. The worked examples within the text and problem sets at the end of each chapter highlight enginee- ring applications. The mathematical developments include a complete discussion of uniqueness theorems and, where rele- vant, a discussion of maximum and miniumum principles. The primary aim of these volumes is to guide the student to pose and model engineering problems, in a mathematically correct manner, within the context of the theory of partial differential equations in mechanics.

This book deals with theoretical aspects of modelling the mechanical behaviour of manufacturing, processing, transportation or other systems in which the processed or supporting material is travelling through the system. Examples of such applications include paper making, transmission cables, band saws, printing presses, manufacturing of plastic films and sheets, and extrusion of aluminium foil, textiles and other materials.

The work focuses on out-of-plane dynamics and stability analysis for isotropic and orthotropic travelling elastic and viscoelastic materials, with and without fluid-structure interaction, using analytical and semi-analytical approaches. Also topics such as fracturing and fatigue are discussed in the context of moving materials. The last part of the book deals with optimization problems involving physical constraints arising from the stability and fatigue analyses, including uncertainties in the parameters.

The book is intended for researchers and specialists in the field, providing a view of the mechanics of axially moving materials. It can also be used as a textbook for advanced courses on this specific topic. Considering topics related to manufacturing and processing, the book can also be applied in industrial mathematics.
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This two-volume work mainly addresses undergraduate and graduate students in the engineering sciences and applied mathematics. Hence it focuses on partial differential equations with a strong emphasis on illustrating important applications in mechanics. The presentation considers the general derivation of partial differential equations and the formulation of consistent boundary and initial conditions required to develop well-posed mathematical statements of problems in mechanics. The worked examples within the text and problem sets at the end of each chapter highlight engineering applications. The mathematical developments include a complete discussion of uniqueness theorems and, where relevant, a discussion of maximum and miniumum principles. The primary aim of these volumes is to guide the student to pose and model engineering problems, in a mathematically correct manner, within the context of the theory of partial differential equations in mechanics.

The study of multiphase flows is of utmost interest for engineers who are more or less inevitably faced with them when handling various industrial processes or when dealing with environmental problems such as the dispersion of pollutants. It is also a large kingdom assembling many beautiful and weird landscapes in which wandering researchers may be caught by the fascination of precious stones or mysterious insets to deep and obscure caverns. Unfortunately, it is also an historically disconnected field of research, as testified by any textbook contents or by the scientific programs of conferences devoted to multiphase flows. For instance, is there a relation between fluidization and the study of interfacial waves, or between the behaviour of an annular film of liquid and the one of a free surface heated from below? The answer is indeed: yes. To help reveal some unity behind the avatars of multiphase flow behaviours, it has been decided to focus the interest on the instability phenomena. This book therefore provides the reader with most of the papers which have been accepted and/or presented at the international symposium on "instabilities in multiphase flows" held at the National Institute for Applied Science (INS A) in Rouen, France, from the 11 th of May to the 14th of May 1992. The topic of the conference has produced a strong emphasis on instability theory and nonlinear dynamics, including chaotic phenomena.