"Materials Science of Membranes for Gas and Vapor Separation" is a one-stop reference for the latest advances in membrane-based separation and technology. Put together by an international team of contributors and academia, the book focuses on the advances in both theoretical and experimental materials science and engineering, as well as progress in membrane technology. Special attention is given to comparing polymer and inorganic/organic separation and other emerging applications such as sensors.

This book aims to give a balanced treatment of the subject area, allowing the reader an excellent overall perspective of new theoretical results that can be applied to advanced materials, as well as the separation of polymers. The contributions will provide a compact source of relevant and timely information and will be of interest to government, industrial and academic polymer chemists, chemical engineers and materials scientists, as well as an ideal introduction to students.

High strength steels cover a broad spectrum of applications and are being increasingly used in different areas due to their distinguished features, namely excellent strength-to-weight ratio, good corrosion resistance, deep hardenability, high ductility, high toughness and high strength. These features make them ideal for critical structural applications undergoing severe service conditions and aggressive environments. Long-term durability requires a systematic identification of failure risks and the development of accurate design methodologies. This book covers leading-edge research in these areas. The topics addressed include temperature and stress triaxiality effects on deformation and fracture, analysis of hydrogenation via local electrochemical techniques, second-order direct design methods of columns, hydrogen-steel interactions in automotive transmissions subjected to low-cycle fatigue histories, strain-based design methods for crossing fault rupture in pipelines, metallurgical and technological weldability of quenched and tempered steels, and local-overall interaction buckling phenomena in welded thin-walled columns and beam-columns.

Covers both the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art technology used for MBE Written by expert researchers working on the frontlines of the field, this book covers fundamentals of Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) technology and science, as well as state-of-the-art MBE technology for electronic and optoelectronic device applications. MBE applications to magnetic semiconductor materials are also included for future magnetic and spintronic device applications. Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Materials and Applications for Electronics and Optoelectronics is presented in five parts: Fundamentals of MBE; MBE technology for electronic devices application; MBE for optoelectronic devices; Magnetic semiconductors and spintronics devices; and Challenge of MBE to new materials and new researches. The book offers chapters covering the history of MBE; principles of MBE and fundamental mechanism of MBE growth; migration enhanced epitaxy and its application; quantum dot formation and selective area growth by MBE; MBE of III-nitride semiconductors for electronic devices; MBE for Tunnel-FETs; applications of III-V semiconductor quantum dots in optoelectronic devices; MBE of III-V and III-nitride heterostructures for optoelectronic devices with emission wavelengths from THz to ultraviolet; MBE of III-V semiconductors for mid-infrared photodetectors and solar cells; dilute magnetic semiconductor materials and ferromagnet/semiconductor heterostructures and their application to spintronic devices; applications of bismuth-containing III-V semiconductors in devices; MBE growth and device applications of Ga2O3; Heterovalent semiconductor structures and their device applications; and more. Includes chapters on the fundamentals of MBE Covers new challenging researches in MBE and new technologies Edited by two pioneers in the field of MBE with contributions from well-known MBE authors including three Al Cho MBE Award winners Part of the Materials for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications series Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Materials and Applications for Electronics and Optoelectronics will appeal to graduate students, researchers in academia and industry, and others interested in the area of epitaxial growth.

With a pioneering methodology, the book covers the fundamental aspects of kinematic analysis and synthesis of linkage, and provides a theoretical foundation for engineers and researchers in mechanisms design. The first book to propose a complete curvature theory for planar, spherical and spatial motion Treatment of the synthesis of linkages with a novel approach Well-structured format with chapters introducing clearly distinguishable concepts following in a logical sequence dealing with planar, spherical and spatial motion Presents a pioneering methodology by a recognized expert in the field and brought up to date with the latest research and findings Fundamental theory and application examples are supplied fully illustrated throughout

The alarming level of greenhouse gases in the environment, fast depleting natural resources and the increasing level of industrial effluents, have made every single manufacturing activity come under the scrutiny of sustainability. When all kinds of waste such as clothes, furniture, carpets, televisions, shoes, paper, food wastes etc. end up in the landfill, only a few of them are naturally decomposed and thus a large majority remains as non-biodegradable. It is for this reason, efforts are concentrated to reduce the burden on earth by this waste, and as far as used textile products are concerned, there are now attempts to recycle or up-cycle. This book addresses the role of sustainability by using textile waste in fashion and textiles with respect to manufacturing, materials, as well as the economic and business challenges and opportunities it poses. This wide-ranging book comprises 19 chapters on the various topics including: - Solutions for sustainable fashion and textile industry - Agro and bio waste in the fashion industry - Innovating fashion brands by using textile waste - Waste in handloom textiles - Business paradigm shifting: 21st century fashion from recycling and upcycling - Utilization of natural waste for sustainable textile coloration - Circular economy in fashion and textile from waste - Future pathways of waste utilization for fashion - Sustainable encapsulation of natural dyes from Plant waste for textiles - Agro-waste applications for bio-remediation of textile effluent

Comprehensive reference on the field of inverse heat conduction problems (IHCPs), now including advanced topics, numerous practical examples, and downloadable MATLAB codes. The 1st Edition of the classic book Inverse Heat Conduction: Ill-posed Problems, published in 1985, has been used as one of the primary references for researchers and professionals working on IHCPs due to its comprehensive scope and dedication to the topic. The 2nd Edition of the book is a largely revised version of the 1st Edition with several all-new chapters and significant enhancement of the previous materials. Over the past 30 years, the authors of this 2nd Edition have collaborated on research projects that form the basis for this book. The book can serve as an effective textbook for graduate students and as a reliable reference book for professionals. Examples and problems throughout the text reinforce concepts presented and the book is accompanied by downloadable MATLAB codes covering solutions for every example in the book. The 2nd Edition also comes with additional materials including course slides, additional problems and suggested course syllabus that are available on an instructor companion website. The 2nd Edition continues emphasis from the 1st Edition on linear heat conduction problems with revised presentation of Stolz, Function Specification and Tikhonov Regularization methods and expands coverage to include Conjugate Gradient Methods and the Singular Value Decomposition method. The Filter Matrix concept is explained and embraced throughout the presentation and allows any of these solution techniques to be represented in a simple explicit linear form. Two direct approaches suitable for non-linear problems, the Adjoint Method and Kalman Filtering, are presented, as well as an adaptation of the Filter Matrix approach applicable to non-linear heat conduction problems. In the 2nd Edition of Inverse Heat Conduction: Ill-posed Problems, readers will find detailed discussions on: A comprehensive literature review of IHCP applications in various fields of engineering. Exact solutions to several fundamental problems for direct heat conduction problems, the concept of the computational analytical solution, and approximate solution methods for discrete time steps using superposition of exact solutions which form the basis for the IHCP solutions in the text. IHCP solution methods and comparison of many of these approaches through a common suite of test problems. Filter matrix form of IHCP solution methods and discussion of using filter-form Tikhonov regularization for solving complex IHCPs in multi-layer domain with temperature-dependent material properties. Methods and criteria for selection of the optimal degree of regularization in solution of IHCPs. Application of the filter concept for solving two-dimensional transient IHCP problems with multiple unknown heat fluxes. Estimating the heat transfer coefficient, h, for lumped capacitance body and bodies with temperature gradients. Bias in temperature measurements in the IHCP and correcting for temperature measurement bias. Inverse Heat Conduction is a must-have resource on the topic for mechanical, aerospace, chemical, biomedical or metallurgical engineers who are active in the design and analysis of thermal systems within the fields of manufacturing, aerospace, medical, defense, and instrumentation, as well as researchers in the areas of thermal science and computational heat transfer.

The renewed interest in high-speed propulsion has led to increased activity in the development of the supersonic combustion ramjet engine for hypersonic flight applications. In the hypersonic regime the scramjet engine s specific thrust exceeds that of other propulsion systems. This book, written by a leading researcher, describes the processes and characteristics of the scramjet engine in a unified manner, reviewing both the theoretical and experimental research. The focus is on the phenomena that dictate the thermo-aerodynamic processes encountered in the scramjet engine, including component analyses and flowpath considerations; fundamental theoretical topics related to internal flow with chemical reactions and non-equilibrium effects, high-temperature gas dynamics, and hypersonic effects are included. Cycle and component analyses are further described, followed by flowpath examination. Finally, the book reviews the current experimental and theoretical capabilities and describes ground testing facilities and computational fluid dynamics facilities developed to date for the study of time-accurate, high-temperature aerodynamics.

The new edition of the popular welding engineering textbook includes brand-new topics, assignments, and review questions Welding Engineering: An Introduction provides a clear and accessible overview of the concepts, tools, materials, and methods of modern welding and joining technology. With emphasis on fundamental engineering principles, this comprehensive textbook offers easy-to-understand coverage of a wide range of key topics in welding engineering, from the basics of arc welding processes to welding metallurgy, design, and safety. Concise chapters offer numerous figures, tables, images, and recommended readings to promote reader comprehension of the material. Now in its second edition, the text contains fully revised content throughout, including entirely new sections on additive manufacturing and computational modeling of welds. Updated and expanded chapters address modern arc welding power supply technology, resistance, solid-state, and high energy density welding processes, weld inspection methods, codes and standards, welding of high strength steels, and more. This edition features simple yet effective end-of-chapter assignments that enhance students' learning and assist instructors in developing assessment questions for their course. The second edition of Welding Engineering Provides up-to-date coverage of rapidly growing techniques and technologies within the field Features new assignments and true/false questions at the end of each chapter Explains the essential concepts and principles necessary for more in-depth courses in welding, metallurgy, and design Covers all the major welding processes used in manufacturing and fabrication Welding Engineering: An Introduction, Second Edition is an excellent textbook for undergraduate and graduate welding engineering courses taught within four-year engineering degree programs, and a valuable guide for engineers and professionals in the manufacturing industry needing to learn fundamental welding engineering concepts for their job roles.

Since the first edition in 1948, Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology has become a flagship publication for Wiley. During its nearly seven decades in print, it has become a standard reference for the fields of occupational health and toxicology. The volumes on industrial hygiene are cornerstone reference works for not only industrial hygienists but also chemists, engineers, toxicologists, lawyers, and occupational safety personnel. Volume 1 covers Introduction of Industrial Hygiene and Recognition of Chemical Agents. In addition to revised and updated chapters, a number of new chapters reflect current technology and concerns. The chapters include Ethics in Industrial Hygiene, Prevention through Design, Risk Communication, Managing Workplace Demographics, and Mastering Digital Media for Workers, Employers and Community Practice.

Fur die vierte Auflage wurde das Werk vollstandig aktualisiert und uberarbeitet. Diese Auflage enthalt neue Themen wie Oberflachenspektroskopie, Nichtgleichgewichtseffekte und innovative Beschichtungsmethoden, setzt gleichzeitig jedoch auf das bewahrte Konzept, Oberflachenphanomene detailliert und leicht verstandlich zu beschreiben.

A comprehensive primary resource for researchers interested in nanocomposites for environmental remediation In Nanomaterials for Air and Water Purification, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an expert compilation of resources dealing with nano-based research for air and water remediation. The editors have included works by reputed researchers covering characterization, fabrication, and applications. This book is intended as a primary reference for researchers in academia and industry to offer original insights into environmentally friendly polymers and their nanocomposites. It provides comprehensive discussions of the fundamentals, attributes, characteristics, and fabrication of the materials and composites relevant to these nanomaterials. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to electrospun nanofiber membranes for effective air filtration and nanocomposite air filter membranes Comprehensive explorations of photocatalytic materials and technologies for air purification Practical discussions of opportunities for improving and protecting water supplies with nanomaterials Fulsome treatments of polymeric membranes incorporated with metal or metal oxide nanoparticles for water purification Perfect for environmental, polymer, and surface chemists, Nanomaterials for Air and Water Purification will also earn a place in the libraries of industry professionals with an interest in water and air purification.

The renewed interest in high-speed propulsion has led to increased activity in the development of the supersonic combustion ramjet engine for hypersonic flight applications. In the hypersonic regime the scramjet engine s specific thrust exceeds that of other propulsion systems. This book, written by a leading researcher, describes the processes and characteristics of the scramjet engine in a unified manner, reviewing both the theoretical and experimental research. The focus is on the phenomena that dictate the thermo-aerodynamic processes encountered in the scramjet engine, including component analyses and flowpath considerations; fundamental theoretical topics related to internal flow with chemical reactions and non-equilibrium effects, high-temperature gas dynamics, and hypersonic effects are included. Cycle and component analyses are further described, followed by flowpath examination. Finally, the book reviews the current experimental and theoretical capabilities and describes ground testing facilities and computational fluid dynamics facilities developed to date for the study of time-accurate, high-temperature aerodynamics."

Constrained motion is of paramount importance in the design and analysis of mechanical systems and central to the study of analytical dynamics. The problem of constrained motion was first posed over two hundred years ago, and it has been worked on vigorously ever since. This book offers a fresh approach to the subject. Eminently readable, it is written as an introduction to analytical dynamics, with emphasis on fundamental concepts in mechanics. The connection between generalized inverses of matrices and constrained motion is a central theme. The book begins with a description of the motion of a particle subjected to holonomic and nonholonomic constraints and presents explicit equations of motion. Examples are provided throughout the book, and carefully formulated problems at the end of each chapter reinforce the material covered. This computationally appealing approach will be useful to students in engineering and the applied sciences.

Atomistic computer simulations are often at the heart of modern attempts to predict and understand the physical properties of real materials, including the vast domain of metals and alloys. Historically, highly simplified empirical potentials have been used to provide the interatomic forces needed to perform such simulations, but true predictive power in these materials emanates from fundamental quantum mechanics. In metals and alloys especially, a viable path forward to the vastly larger length and time scales offered by empirical potentials, while retaining the predictive power of quantum mechanics, is to course-grain the underlying electronic structure of the material and systematically derive quantum-based interatomic potentials from first-principles. This book spans the entire process from foundation in fundamental theory, to the development of accurate quantum-based potentials for real materials, to the wide-spread application of the potentials to the atomistic simulation of structural, thermodynamic, defect and mechanical properties of metals and alloys.

The current chemical engineering curriculum concentrates on process: the efficient manufacturing in quantity of traditional chemical products such as ammonia and benzene. However, many chemical companies now invent and manufacture specialty products with particular properties such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronic coatings, and their employees need to know how to design the products as well as manufacture them. James Wei, a famous chemical engineer, is writing this book to provide theories and case studies in product engineering the design of new, useful products with desired properties. The first section relates historical case studies of successful product invention and development by individuals and companies. The second part of the book describes the toolbox of molecular structure-property relations. A desired product needs to have certain properties (for example, phase transition or thermal properties) and the chemist must find or design a molecular structure with the required properties This section will instruct chemists in the analysis of structure and property information. The third section is concerned with the next stage: product research and design. It will discuss improving the desired product by additives and blending, among other strategies. It will also cover future challenges in product engineering.

Gives a real world explanation of how to analyze and troubleshoot a process control system in a batch process plant Explains how to analyze the requirements for controlling a batch process, develop the control logic to meet these requirements, and troubleshoot the process controls in batch processes Presents three categories of batch processes (cyclical batch, multigrade facilities, and flexible batch) and examines the differences in the control requirements in each Examines various concepts of a product recipe and what its nature must be in a flexible batch facility Approaches the subject from the process perspective, with emphasis on the advantages of using structured logic in the automation of all but the simplest batch processes. Discusses the flow of information starting at the plant floor and continuing through various levels of the control logic up to the corporate IT level

Echte Ingenieursprobleme sind intrinsisch nichtlinear. Kennnisse der nichtlinearen Finiten-Elemente-Analyse sind fA1/4r Maschinenbauer, Bauingenieure und Werkstofftechniker daher unabdingbar. Mit ihrer Hilfe lassen sich mechanische Festigkeitsberechnungen durchfA1/4hren, zeit- und kostenintensive Tests bei der Produktentwicklung werden so reduziert. Didaktisch schlA1/4ssig vom Modell und dessen theoretischer Durchdringung bis zum Algorithmus und dessen praktischer Implementierung bietet dieses Buch eine EinfA1/4hrung in die nichtlineare Finite-Elemente-Analyse ? leicht zuganglich, kompakt und auf die technische Ausrichtung fokussiert: - mathematische und kontinuumsmechanische Grundlagen, Loesungstechniken fA1/4r nichtlineare Probleme in der statischen und dynamischen Analyse - erste Einblicke in geometrische Nichtlinearitaten - Schadigung, Plastizitat und zeitabhangige Nichtlinearitaten - Plastizitat von Balken, Boegen und Schalen - elastische und elastoplastische Finite-Elemente-Analyse groA er Dehnungen - EinfA1/4hrung in moderne Diskretisierungskonzepte Hilfreich fA1/4rs Bestehen von PrA1/4fungen sind die Beispiele im frei erhaltlichen Finite-Elemente-Code auf Python?-Basis. Das dazugehoerige Hintergrundwissen macht den User mit den Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen moderner Finite-Elemente-Software vertraut. Der ideale Einstieg in die nichtlineare Finite-Elemente-Analyse fA1/4r Studenten und Praktiker ? mit so viel Mathematik wie noetig und so vielen realen Ingenieursproblemen wie moeglich. Mit Beispielen im Finite-Elemente-Code auf Python?-Basis unter: www.wiley-vch.de

This book provides an in-depth treatment of the instrumentation, physical bases and applications of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS) with a specific focus on the subject of polymeric materials. XPS and SSIMS are widely accepted as the two most powerful techniques for polymer surface chemical analysis, particularly in the context of industrial research and problem solving. In this book, the techniques of XPS and SSIMS are described and in each case the author explains what type of information may be obtained. The book also includes details of case studies emphasising the complementary and joint application of XPS and SSIMS in the investigation of polymer surface structure and its relationship to the properties of the material. This book will be of value to academic and industrial researchers interested in polymer surfaces and surface analysis.

Mit Fakten zum Pauken und Aufgaben zum Uben Haben Sie nur noch wenig Zeit und die Mechanik-Prufung steht vor der Tur? Dann ist dies genau das richtige Buch fur Sie! Prufen Sie mit Eingangsaufgaben Ihr Wissen und lernen Sie nur das, was Sie wirklich brauchen. Wilhelm Kulisch hat fur Sie ein Sieben-Tage-Programm zusammengestellt mit dem Stoff, den Sie unbedingt beherrschen sollten, und wichtigen Fakten zum Wiederholen. Ausserdem finden Sie hier zahlreiche Ubungen, denn schliesslich machen diese ja den Meister. Und fur unterwegs: die kostenlosen Dummies Trainings- Apps in den App-Stores.

This 1997 volume provides an overview of statistical energy analysis and its applications in structural vibration. Statistical energy analysis is a powerful method for predicting and analysing the vibrational behaviour of structures. Its main use is for structures that can be considered as assemblies of interconnected subsystems which are subject to medium to high frequency vibration sources. This volume brings together nine articles by experts from around the world. The opening chapter gives an introduction and overview of the technique describing its key successes, potential and limitations. Following chapters look in more detail at a selection of cases and examples which together illustrate the scope and power of the technique. This book is based on a Royal Society Philosophical Transactions issue under the title 'Statistical Energy Analysis', but an extra chapter, by Chohan, Price, Keane and Beshara, discussing nonconservatively coupled systems is included in this edition.

Der dritte Band des ultimativen Referenzwerks zur Wissenschaft und Anwendung aggregationsinduzierter Emissionen In Band 3: Emerging Applications befassen sich die Herausgeber mit den Anwendungen von AIEgens in verschiedenen Bereichen, insbesondere fur Bio-Imaging, fluoreszierende molekulare Schalter, elektrochrome Materialien, regenerative Medizin, den Nachweis organischer fluchtiger Schadstoffe, Hydrogele und Organogele. In diesem Band werden die folgenden Themen betrachtet: * AIE-aktive Emitter und ihre Anwendung in OLEDs sowie die zirkular polarisierte Lumineszenz von Materialien mit aggregationsinduzierten Emissionen * AIE-Polymerfilme fur die optische Sensorik und Energiegewinnung, aggregationsinduzierte Elektrochemilumineszenz sowie Mechanolumineszenzmaterialien mit aggregationsinduzierten Emissionen * Dynamische superaufloesende Fluoreszenzbildgebung auf Grundlage von photoschaltbarem fluoreszierendem Spiropyran * Visualisierung von Polymer-Mikrostrukturen * Selbstorganisation von Mizellen und Vesikeln * Neue Strategien fur die Biosensorik und Zellbildgebung

Devoted to advances in the field of computer simulation of aerospace equipment, this study is the most up-to-date coverage of the state-of-the-art on coastal and passenger aircraft, drones, and other recent developments in this constantly changing field. This book is devoted to unique developments in the field of computer modeling in aerospace engineering. The book describes the original conceptual models of amphibious aircraft, ground-effect vehicles, hydrofoil vessels, and others, from theory to the full implementation in industrial applications. The developed models are presented with the design of passenger compartments and are actually ready for implementation in the aircraft industry. The originality of the concepts are based on biological prototypes, which are ergonomic, multifunctional and aesthetically pleasing. The aerodynamic layout of prospective convertible land and ship-based aircrafts of vertical and short takeoff-landing is presented, as well as the development of the original model of the unmanned aerial vehicle, or drone. The results of full-scale experiments are presented, including the technology of modeling aerospace simulators based on the virtual reality environment with technical vision devices. Whether for the practicing engineer in the field, the engineering student, or the scientist interested in new aerospace developments, this volume is a must-have. This groundbreaking new volume: Presents unique developments of coastal aircraft concepts based on biological prototypes, from the idea to the finished model Gives the process of modeling the original unmanned aerial vehicle Investigates aerospace simulators based on virtual reality environment with technical vision devices Covers the original ideas of creating carrier-based aviation for sea ships and the results of field experiments simulating an unmanned aerial vehicle Provides many useful illustrations of naval aviation Audience: The book is intended for aerospace engineers, mechanical engineers, structural engineers, researchers and developers in the field of aerospace industry, for aircraft designers and engineering students. It will be useful for scientists, students, graduate students and engineers in the field of naval aviation and space simulators.

Flexagons, paper models that can be bent in different ways to change their shape, are easy to make and work in surprising ways. This book contains numerous diagrams that the reader can photocopy and use to construct a variety of fascinating flexagons. The author also explains the mathematics behind these amazing creations. Although knowledge of the technical details requires a mathematical background, the models can be made and used by anyone. Flexagons appeals to all readers interested in puzzles and recreational mathematics.

The book is a collection of papers concerning the theories, applications and perspectives of Variable Structure Systems (VSS), which have been a main control design methodology. The 20th century has seen the formation and consolidation of VSS theory and its applications. It has also seen an emerging trend of cross-fertilization and integration of VSS with other control and non-control areas such as feedback linearization, flatness, passivity based control, adaptive and learning control, system identification, pulse width modulation, geometric and algebraic methods, artificial intelligence, modeling and optimization, neural networks, fuzzy logic, to name just a few. To reflect these major developments in the 20th century, this book includes specially invited surveys and contributions from well-known experts in VSS as well as selected extended papers from the 6th International Workshop on VSS held on the Gold Coast, Australia 7-9 December 2000.